OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of volatile sulphur compounds((VSC)levels in periodontal pockets with severity of periodontitis, and the impact of VSC on the result of initial periodontal therapy.

METHODSTwenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)(13 males and 12 females with average age of 35) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters, plaque index, probing depth(PD), attachment loss(AL), and bleeding on probing(BOP) were recorded before and 3 months after the initial therapy. VSC levels were measured with a portable monitor in a digital score ranging from 0.0 to 5.0. All of 5 054 sites for 840 teeth were included in this study.

RESULTBefore treatment the percentage of VSC-positive sites was 17.1%, 52.3% and 86.0% for shallow (PD<3 mm), moderate(PD 4-6 mm) and deep (PD>7 mm) pocket, respectively (P<0.001). In most VSC-positive sites the VSC levels were<1.0. Percentage of sites with a high VSC levels was significantly different among three groups (P<0.01). All clinical parameters in VSC-negative sites were reduced significantly following the initial therapy. The reduction of PD and AL in VSC-positive sites by treatment was less marked than that in VSC-negative sites.

CONCLUSIONVSC in periodontal pockets may be a potential indicator for detecting severity of CP and a useful predictor for therapeutic success.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Periodontal Diseases ; therapy ; Periodontal Pocket ; metabolism ; therapy ; Sulfur Compounds ; analysis ; metabolism ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine risk factors of capillary leak syndrome(CLS) in children with tetralogy after operation.

METHODSClinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed from 32 tetralogy cases with CLS and 50 cases without CLS(control group), who received operation under cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) in our hospital from October 2002 to December 2006. Risk factors with statistical significance were screened with univariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors of CLS were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Postoperative outcome was compared between CLS group and control group.

RESULTLogistic analysis showed that the risk factors for CLS were age(OR=6.783), duration of CBP(OR=4.756)and MGoon index (OR=3.826). There were statistical differences in injection of colloid, time of inotropic drugs and ventilation between CLS and control groups(P<0.01). Eight CLS cases underwent peritoneal dialysis and 2 CLS cases died.

CONCLUSIONThe risk factors of CLS in children with tetralogy after CBP are age, duration of CBP and MGoon index.

Capillary Leak Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) implantation in the management of acute or chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG or CPACG) with cataract.

METHODSTwenty-six cases(28 eyes) with simple cataract and 60 cases(70 eyes)of PACG with cataract, including 14 eyes of preclinical APACG, 29 eyes of paroxysmal APACG, 27 eyes of CPACG. Visual acuity distributed from hand movement to 0.8. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed and patients were followed up for(8.5+/-4.5) months.

RESULTIn simple cataract group, postoperative IOP did not decrease(t=1.9201, P>0.05); in preclinical APACG group, postoperative IOP decreased (t=3.9910, P<0.01); in paroxysmal APACG group, postoperative IOP decreased (t=4.7441, P<0.01); in CPACG groups, postoperative IOP decreased (t=4.4976, P<0.01). In APACG and CPACG groups postoperative antiglaucoma medication reduced. In APACG and CPACG groups, angle of anterior chamber was widen. Preoperative central and peripheral ACD of APACG and CPACG were much less than those of postoperative. In 56 eyes of PACG, visual acuity was corrected in 48 eyes(85.7%) including 28 eyes(50%) with corrected visual acuity>0.5.

CONCLUSIONThe phacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation is beneficial for PACG with cataract, and the curative efficacy of APACG is better than that of CPACG.

Aged ; Cataract ; complications ; Cataract Extraction ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and vitamin C on the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM).

METHODSFifty-two Balb/c mice were randomized into six groups: The blank group received no treatment, the remaining 5 groups were immunized with 100mug emulsified porcine myosin at d 1 and d 7. Different agents were injected from d 1, SVitC group:150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; LVitC group: 300 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; IVIG group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG; IVIG+VitC group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG and 150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; The control group same volume of normal saline. All mice were sacrificed at d 21, and serum TNF-alpha levels were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ratio of heart to body weight(C/W), spleen to body weight(S/W) and kidney to body weigh(R/W) were calculated. The spleens and heart were examined pathologically and/or immunohistochemically.

RESULTCompared with those of control group, inflammatory cells infiltration in the myocardium and calcification in the pericardiume in SVitC and LVitC groups were extenuated. There were inflammatory cells infiltrating in the myocardium sparely and no calcification in the pericardium in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. The size of spleens enlarged especially in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. White and red pulps of spleens were hyperplastic microscopically. The C/W of treatment groups decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The S/W of therapy groups and control group was significantly higher than that of blank group; and the S/W of IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups was significantly higher than that of SVitC and LVitC groups. The R/W in each groups had no significant difference. The TNF-alpha level in SVitC and LVitC groups was a little lower than that in control group; TNF-alpha level in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups was significantly lower than that of control group. Wide fluorescence stripe was found along extracellular matrix surrounding the damaged cardiomyocytes of control group. Both density and intensity of fluorescence in SVitC and LVitC groups were lower than those of control group. There were much wider fluorescence stripe and strengthened intensity in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups. The myofilaments were in wild disorder and sarcomere had severe breakage in control group. Moreover, chondriosome hypertrophy and vacuolar degeneration were found. The damage lessened in SVitC and LVitC groups. Both myofilaments and sarcomeres in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups were almost normal, and the chondriosome was normal.

CONCLUSIONIVIG and vitamin C have some protective and therapeutic effect on the progression of EAM by decreasing pathological damage of myocardium and depressing TNF-alpha production, and IVIG combined with vitamin C is more effective.

Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Autoimmune Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; gamma-Globulins ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of testosterone on neointimal proliferation and blood lipids after balloon-induced aorta injury in male rabbits.

METHODSTwenty-five male white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups with 5 in each. G1 underwent sham castration served as control group, rabbits in remaining 4 groups were castrated. One week after the castration, rabbits in G3, G4, G5 groups received 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg testosterone undecanoate i.m, respectively, G2 was not received. Two weeks after the castration, deendothelializing balloon-induced injury in right iliac artery was performed in all animals. Two weeks after the injury, blood samples were drawn for measurement of plasma testosterone and lipids, and the right iliac arteries were excised for computer imagining analysis.

RESULTCompared with G1, plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL) in G3, G4 and G5, gradually decreased, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein(HDL)gradually increased. There were most significant differences of plasma TC, TG and LDL(P<0.05) between G2 and G1. There were not significant differences of plasma TC, TG, HDL and LDL among all groups before endothelial denudation and 2 weeks after endothelial denudation (P>0.05). In G3, G4 and G5 the intimal area and radio of intima/media gradually decreased, there were significant differences between G2, G3, G4 and G1(P<0.05), the differences between G1 and G2 were most significant, and those of G5 were close to G1. Endothelial cell repair was observed with electron microscope. Endothelial cells from G2 to G5 became smoother gradually, which in G5 were very close to G1.

CONCLUSIONTestosterone inhibits the intima proliferation induced by balloon-induced injury and improves blood lipids levels. The effects are enhanced by the dose increasing.

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hyperplasia ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Testosterone ; pharmacology ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate neuron regeneration of aged rats after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).

METHODSICH model was induced by intracerebral infusion of 100microL autologous blood in adult and aged (3 and 18 m of age, respectively) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Doublecortin(DCX), polysialylated neural cell adhesion protein(PSA-NCAM) and Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) in brain tissue were detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical examination.

RESULTIn aged rats, DCX levels in the ipsilateral basal ganglia and subventricular zone started to increase at 7d after ICH, peaked at 14 d [(670+/-145)% of controls, P<0.01]. Most DCX positive cells in ipsilateral striatum were BrdU positive. Though DCX content in ipsilateral basal ganglia [(2560+/-758) pixels]of ICH aged rats was much higher than that of aged rat controls [(450+/-97)pixels, P<0.01], it was still lower than that in adult rats.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that neuron regeneration occurs in subventricular zone in the aged rats following intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).

Age Factors ; Animals ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of ErbB receptors mRNA expression in left ventricle of myocardial infarction and its mechanism.

METHODSMyocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats. After 1 month, the rats were sacrificed and mRNA was extracted from the left ventricle. mRNA was also extracted from ventricular myocytes of neonatal SD rats which were cultured under serum deprivation and hypoxia for 5 d. Expression of ErbB receptors mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTThe mRNA expression of ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors was significantly down-regulated in the left ventricle of myocardial infarction compared with the normal left ventricle; in contrast, there were no changes in mRNA expression of ErbB3. Serum deprivation and hypoxia in vitro caused significant down-regulation of the mRNA expression of ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors, but the mRNA expression of ErbB3 was not changed.

CONCLUSIONExpression of ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors mRNA is down-regulated in myocardial infarction, which may results from the hypoxia, deprivation of nutrients and cytokines.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Receptor, ErbB-4

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological behaviors and chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 after IGF-IR gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro.

METHODSTwo plasmids siRNA 1 and 2 expressing IGF-IR siRNA with human U6 promoter were constructed,and an unrelated siRNA was used as negative control. NSCLC A549 cells were transfected with sequence-specific siRNA or unrelated siRNA as control. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IGF-IR. NSCLC A549 cells were transfected with siRNA and treated with DDP. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of IGF-IR silencing on tumor cell proliferation and chemosensitivity.

RESULTTransfection of NSCLC cells with siRNA resulted in reduction of IGF-IR mRNA expression by 78.9 % and protein production by 89.8%. The decrease in IGF-IR levels caused significant growth inhibition of A549 cells both at 48 h and at 72 h, and decrease of the IC50 of DDP at 24 h, 48 h and at 72 h. Flow cytometry showed that 77.5% of A549 cells retained in G0/G1 phase.

CONCLUSIONThe sequence specific suppression of IGF-IR gene expression by RNAi enhances sensitivity to DDP in NSCLC cell.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo determine the PD-L1 expression levels in circulating dendritic cells(DCs) of patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B, and to investigate the effects of anti-PD-L1 antibody on DCs stimulating capacity of allogeneic lymphocytes.

METHODSDCs were separated and induced from 22 HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB), 8 acute resolved hepatitis B patients (AHB) and 10 healthy blood donors. PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in DCs were determined using real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The potential of circulating DCs on the proliferation of allogeneic T cells was detected and a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 was used in alternative experiments. Serum HBV-DNA titers were measured using real-time PCR, and HBV markers and liver function were also evaluated.

RESULTThe expression of PD-L1 but not PD-L2 was upregulated in circulating DCs of CHB patients, compared to AHB patients and healthy controls (both P<0.01). CHB patients with greater than 106 copies /ml of serum HBV DNA loads had a higher level of PD-L1 in circulating DCs than those with less than 106 copies/ml (P<0.05), and the high expression of PD-L1 in DCs was positively correlated with the plasma viral load. Moreover, the potential of circulating DCs from CHB patients was significantly decreased compared with healthy controls or AHB patients, while the blockade of PD-L1 using anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody increased the ability of DCs on the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in vitro.

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of PD-L1 on circulating DCs may be associated with T cell exhaustion and persistent high levels of HBV DNA replication in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Spearmint oil on inflammation, oxidative alteration and Nrf2 expression in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).

METHODSCOPD model was induced by intratracheal instillation of Klebsiella pneumonia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 weeks in rats, and COPD rats were treated with Spearmint oil for 3 weeks. After COPD was induced, the pathological changes, changes in leucocyte number in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), MDA in lung homogenate and Nrf2 expression were observed. The effects of Spearmint oil on these changes were determined.

RESULTSpearmint oil 100 mg*kg(-1)significantly reduced leucocyte numbers in BALF, and attenuated bronchiolitis, pulmonary interstitial inflammation and inflammation cell infiltration. Spearmint oil 30-300 mg*kg(-1)decreased the destruction of pulmonary alveolus and the thickness of bronchioles walls, and inhibited goblet cell proliferation. Spearmint oil significantly reduced MDA in lung homogenate, and decreased the expression of Nrf2 protein in lung tissues.

CONCLUSIONSpearmint oil has protective effect on lung injury in COPD rats, since it improves pulmonary inflammation,oxidative alteration, and enhances Nrf2 protein expression.

Animals ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mentha spicata ; chemistry ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley