Objective　To evaluate the value of CT MRI in diagnosing skull base chondromas.Methods　8 cases of skull base chondromas were analyzed with etiology,pathology,imaging fetures and differential diagnosis.5 cases were female,3 cases were male,age ranged from 25 to 48 years.The clinical presentation of 8 cases of skull base chondromas had neurologic syndrome.And 3 cases were examined with CT,MR imaging ,4 cases with MR imaging,1 case with CT scanning.Results　In this series of 8 chondromas,3 located in the cavernous sinus,2 in the clival region,2 in the region of jugular foramen,1 in the frontal cranial fossa.Intratumoral calcification was found in 4 cases with CT examination.Heterogeneous enhancement was found in 4 cases with CT examination.The margin of chondromas on CT was well defined.Conclusion　CT have a very important diagnosis values for detecting tumors on chondromas.MRI is superior to CT for delineating the growth style of the tumor and its relationship to the surrounding anatomic structures.

Objective　To study the scan technique that can completely demonstrate the structures of middle-inner ear.Methods　Ninety volunteers underwent 30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan.The manifestations of the ministructures of middle-inner ear were observed and their demonstration rate was calculated.The demonstration of different structures of middle-inner ear was evaluated and compared on HRCT.Results　(1)The scan planes of 30° axial and 105° coronal were correspondent to some structures of middle-inner ear and could completely demonstrate them.(2)30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan had their own advantages respectively in demonstrating the structures of middle-inner ear.Conclusion　The technique of 30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan of middle-inner ear is useful in demonstrating the structures,including the nerve,joint,ligament etc and the relationship among them.

Objective　To define the range of the normal values of MRI signals of hippocampal formation(HPF) for the diagnosis of early stage Alzheimer's disease and hippocampal sclerosis.Methods　MRI signals of 254 normal adults were measured on the transverse section.Results　HPF signal intensities were:T1 relaxation times,629±73 ms;T2 relaxation times,83±5.5 ms;and proton density value,5978±651.The T2 value range(χ±2S)was 72～94 ms,and mean 83 ms.T2 value greater than 104 ms will be associated with evidence of hippocampal pathologic changes.The mixed signal intensity of T2WI(30,60,120)were:3907±407,2657±347,1288±174.The signal intensity ratios of T2WI were:1.02,1.07,1.13.Conclusion　As for the histological features of temporal lobe cortex and HPF,T1relaxation times and proton density values are matched but T2 relaxation times of HPF are relatively longer.

Objective　To investigate the importance of CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis in Wilms′ tumors of children.Methods　45 cases of Wilms′ tumors confirmed by clinical and pathology were retrospectively analyzed,CT characteristics of Wilms′ tumor,renal carcinoma(2 cases),renal rhabdomyosarcoma(1 case)in children were discussed.Results　Wilms' tumors appeared in solid masses in 34 cases (76%),cysticsolid masses in 9 cases(20%),cystic masses in 2 cases (4%),7 cases (15.6%)had thrombosis in renal vein or IVC.Renal carcinoma shared the same appearance with Wilms′ tumor in image.Rhabdoid tumor of kidney appeard as cystic-solid mass with lineal calcification and subcapsular fluid accumulation.Conclusion　Wilms′ tumor is the most popular malignant renal tumors in children.It is originate from renal parenchyma,and likely to invade renal pelvis.Hemorrhhage,necrosis or cystic formation in tumor is common.They are difficult to be distinguished from renal cell carcinomas in radiology.Rhabdoid tumor of kidney is rare and has characteristic features on CT.

Objective　To detect the features of MRI of children leukodystriphies and to provide a heplful method for clinical diagnosis.Methods　The MRI examination was performed in 50 children with leukodystrophies and the cerebral lobes and cerebral special structures involved by lesions were analyzed.Results　1.There were dominant signs of involving parietal and occipital lobes in ALD,besides the two lobes,the frontal lobe was also involved easily in MLD.All lobes were involved in CD and PMD,and frontal lobe was involved in AD early.The central white matter was involved mainly in ALD,but the central white matter was involed only in MLD and the periphery white matter was spared.The central and periphery white matter were all involved in CD,PMD and AD.Furthermore,the cerebellar white matter is also easily involved in ALD and CD.2.The splenium of corpus callosum was mainly involved in ALD,and the splenium,body and knee of corpus callosum were all involved in MLD.But in CD,PMD and AD,the corpus callosum was spared.The back of the posterior limb of internal capsule was involved in ALD,but the all posterior limb of internal capsule was involved in MLD,and the all internal capsule was involved in CD and PMD.On external capsule,ALD involves its posterior part,but CD and PMD involve its all section.A prominet feature of ALD was involving the corticospinal tract of stem and other leukodystrophies don′t involve the corticospinal tract of stem beside one case later-onset GLD.In addition,the lateral lemmiscus was involved easily in ALD,and thalamus was also involved in ALD,MLD and PMD.Conclusion　As a noninvasive,safe and sensitive method,MRI can be used to find the leukodystrophies early.There are relatively characteristic features in different leokodystrophies,which is useful to clinical diagnosis.

Objective　To evaluate the relationship between the tumor encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia and cirrhosis and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)methods for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods　Histopathological changes were studied in 59 cases of HCCs treated with four kinds of TACE and 58 cases of HCCs treated with surgical resection alone.Results　In TACE group the encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia was more severe and extensive than that in group of surgical resection alone(Ρ＜0.01）.The TACE method and treatment time had effect on encapsulation and fibroplasia of tumor,but treatment interval was no effect.The rate of cirrhosis among TACE method had no significantly difference（Ρ＞0.05）,had relation to TACE time（Ρ＜0.05）.Conclusion　The changes in the encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia are more easily find by polytimes,multimaterial chemoembolization than that by one time single material chemoembolization and chemotherapy alone.The superselective cathetering can avoid the damage of normal liver.

Objective　To investigate the correlation between degree of deeper infiltration of NPC on CT scan,prognosis and expression of P53 protein,in order to further recognize bilogical features of NPC.Methods　Collect 70 NPC biopsy specimens,which had performed CT scan before radiotherapy and had detailed clinical records.The expression of P53 protein was examined by means of S-P immunohistochemical technique.The correlation between expression of P53 protein and peripheral deeper infiltration and prognosis was analysed in detailed.Results　The results of these cases showed that the positive rate of over expression P53 were 68.57%,which had no relation with the histological types and pathological grades.The positive rate of P53 in Ⅱ、Ⅲ types had a higher positive rate than that of the Ⅰ type of NPC.Expression of P53 protein had no relation with neck lymph node metastasis,but had significant correlation with the size of metastatic lymph node,which is the positive rate of P53 in diameter of metastatic lymph node ＜4 cm was higher than that of diameter ≥4 cm.Expression of P53 had no relation with local recurrence and distant metastasis after radiotherapy.Conclusion　With the tumor infiltrating the deeper layer of nasopharynx,the positive rate of P53 expression is more and more high,and degree of malignant is increasing.The three types on CT scan represents the biological features of NPC.

Objective　To study the MRI diagnosis of spinal metastasis.Methods　The MRI appearances of 128 cases of spinal metastasis proved clinically were retrospectively analyzed.Results　(1)The MRI signal was T1WI low in 87.5% and 12.5% was mixed or equal.(2)Multi-focus in 80.5%.The "jump up sign"occurred in 52.3%,the accessory parts destructed in 64.1%,in which root of vertebral destructed with expanded in 57%.(3)The masses of paravertebral occurred in 31.3%.The disc of vertebral was not destructed.(4)The patients associated with vertebral compresion fracture such as "wedge","disc"or"wedge of rear"in 52.3%.Conclusion　The MRI findings of spinal metastasis is of high sensitivity and spectivity.The method is advanced than X-ray and CT.

Objective　To anlaysis the MRI features of intracranial lymphoma.Methods　23 cases of intracranial lymphoma imagings of MR and clinical datas were discussed,which were determined by pathology and surgery.Results　The MRI features of intracranil lymphoma were ①Singal or multiple,more in supertentorium.②Round or irrigular in shape,hypointensity on T1WI,isointensity or hyperintensity on T2WI homogenously.③Edema around lesion with mass effect slightly.④Enhanced markedly.⑤Disseminated along pia mater and ependyma.⑥Sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.⑦Changeble in size and shape.Conclusion　There is no characteristic feature of intracranial lymphoma,biopsy is useful to diagnosis and treatment.

Objective　To study the recurrent cause of pulmonary hemoptysis post-BAE.Methods　BAE was performed in 50 cases with pulmonary hemoptysis.The hemostatic agents included Geifoam(GS)strip in 13 cases,GS pellet in 29 cases,ethanol plus GS pellet in 8 cases.Results　Hemoptysis was recurrent post-BAE in 7 patients,of them 4 cases in GS strip group,2 cases in GS pellet group and 1 case in ethanol plus GS pellet group were recurrent.Of this 7 patients 4(4/30) were bronchiectasis;2(2/6) were tuberculosis and 1（1/11) was cryptogenic.Conclusion　GS strip group has highest recurrent rate.GS pellet group has low reculrrent rate and is relatively safe,ethanol plus GS pellet group has a good curative effect,but it has limitation in a way,the pulmonary tuberculosis has the highest recurrent rate of hemoptysis,the bronchiectasis has relatively low recurrent rate of hemoptysis,while cryptogenic hemoptysis has the highest cure rate.