Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) was first delineated as a distinct ovarian sex cord stromal tumor in 1973 by Chalvardjian and Scully. It is a benign neoplasm, distinguished from other ovarian stromal tumors by the production of collagen and a pseudolobular pattern, and it tends to occur in the second and third decades of life in diagnosed patients. We discovered two rare cases of SST in post-menopausal women which are the topic of this report. These case studies are accompanied by a brief review of the literature.
Collagen ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a condition in which the ovarian functions of hormone production and oocyte development become impaired before the typical age for menopause. POF and early menopause are present in a broad spectrum of gonad dysgenesis, from a complete cessation of ovarian function to an intermittent follicle maturation failure. Actually POF has been identified as a genetic entity (especially chromosome X), but data on genetic factors of premature menopause are limited. Until now, several cases revealed that inactivation of X chromosomes has an effect on ages of premature menopause and females with balanced or unbalanced X-autosome translocations can have several reproductive problems. On the other hand, there have been a few data that was caused by autosome-autosome translocation can lead. Therefore we report a relevant case of POF with translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4. She had her first menstrual period at the age of 12, and after 7 years she stopped menstruation. Chromosomal analysis showed 46, XX, t (1;4) (p22.3;q31.3). While evaluating this rare case, we could review various causes (especially genetic factors) of POF. To remind clinicians about this disease, we report a case of POF caused by autosome-autosome translocation with a literature review.
Female ; Gonads ; Hand ; Humans ; Menopause ; Menopause, Premature* ; Menstruation ; Oocytes ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; X Chromosome

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the effects of hormone therapy on serum lipid levels in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 154 healthy postmenopausal Korean women. Seventy-nine women took oral estrogen (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg/day or equivalent), and 75 applied estrogen transdermally using 0.1% 17beta-estradiol gel. Micronized progesterone (MP) was added to 40 women of oral group and 49 women in transdermal group. Serum levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lipoprotein (a) were measured before, 3 and 6 month after hormone therapy. RESULTS: At baseline, mean body mass index (BMI) were lower (22.76 vs. 23.74 kg/m2) and proportion of family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (61 vs. 39%) were higher in oral group. In oral group, LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) levels decreased, and triglyceride and HDL-C levels increased significantly after 3 and 6 months. There was no significant change in lipoprotein levels compared to the baseline in transdermal group. There were also no differences with additional MP. Changing pattern of HDL-C during 6 months was significantly different by the route of estrogen administration. CONCLUSION: Oral estrogen therapy might be more beneficial than transdermal estrogen in terms of lipid in postmenopausal Korean women. The estrogen effects are not influenced by adding MP.
Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Administration Routes ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins ; Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVES: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally secreted hormone and it plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. However, the possible role of GLP-1 in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) remains unknown. Therefore this study investigated the effect of GLP-1 on the differentiation of ADSCs into osteoblasts and adipocytes. METHODS: ADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues of the abdomens, cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and multi-lineage potential assay. ADSCs were induced in osteogenic and adipogenic media treated with two different doses (10 and 100 nM) of GLP-1, and then the effect of GLP-1 on differentiation of ADSCs into osteoblast and adipocyte was examined. The signaling pathway involved in these processes was also examined. RESULTS: Isolated human ADSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) specific markers as well as GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) proteins. They also showed multiple-lineage potential of MSC. GLP-1 was upregulated the activity and mRNA expression of osteoblast-specific marker, alkaline phosphatase and the mineralization of calcium. In contrast, GLP-1 significantly suppressed the expression of adipocyte-specific markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipocyte protein 2 (AP2). This decreased expression of adipocyte specific markers caused by GLP-1 was significantly reversed by the treatment of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, PD98059 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This result demonstrates that GLP-1 stimulates osteoblast differentiation in ADSCs, whereas it inhibits adipocyte differentiation. The ERK signaling pathway seems to be involved in these differentiation processes mediated by GLP-1.
Abdomen ; Adipocytes* ; Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcium ; Cell Differentiation ; Flow Cytometry ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1* ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphotransferases ; PPAR gamma ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells* ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor

OBJECTIVES: Genomic function of vitamin D receptor (VDR) indicates spermatogenesis that is important for in male reproductive organ authors evaluated the VDR expression in seminal vesicles with high cholesterol (HC) formula diet rat, because there is no report about relationship or difference in VDR in seminal vesicles between HC and control. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 weeks were raised for 13 weeks. After one week of adaptation-period, they were fed different diet on normal AIN-93G diet, or HC diet containing 2% cholesterol for 12 weeks. The antibodies used were rabbit anti-VDR primary polyclonal. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in VDR reactivity in seminal vesicles, body weight of rat and weight of seminal vesicles between HC group and normal control group. CONCLUSION: Our data give the no difference in expression of VDR of seminal vesicles rat between HC formula diet and normal AIN-93G diet. But we confirmed the VDR expression in seminal vesicles.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol* ; Diet ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Rats ; Receptors, Calcitriol* ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Spermatogenesis ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVES: Breast density increases the risk of breast cancer, but also in the interpretation of mammography is also important. This study examine the risk factors affecting breast density in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Between January 2013 and January 2014, 215 patients admitted to The Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics with complaints of menopause were taken. According to the results of mammography, Group I (non-dense, n = 175) and Group II (dense, n = 40) were created. The informations of the caseswere analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In Group I, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, parity were significantly higher than group II (P < 0.05). In group II, the withdrawal period of menstruation and progesterone levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, BMI for dense breasts and number of pregnancies were found to be an independent risk factor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased BMI, pregnancy and parity, result of reduction in density , but longer duration of menopause and increased progesterone cause an increase in density. BMI and the number of pregnancy was found to be independent risk factors for reducing breast density.
Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Menopause ; Menstruation ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Postmenopause ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Estrogen - the female sexual hormone playing the most important role - plays a physiologically significant role, not only regulating in cell signals with second messenger but also being active in regulating transcription. Estrogen receptor (ER) which is a protein accepting estrogen not only play the role of a transcription factor combining with other genes to regulate their activity like other nuclear receptors but also performs external activities, combining with DNA, etc. G-protein coupled ER (GPER) that has been recently discovered exists as 7-membrane and has non-genomic (rapid) signaling. These functions, however, are not extensively addressed. This paper discusses the roles of GPER and its physiological mechanism.
DNA ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Genomics ; GTP-Binding Proteins* ; Humans ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transcription Factors ; Women's Health*

As the average life expectancy of women increases, the family and social roles of postmenopausal women have become more important. With the growing number of dual-income households, postmenopausal grandmothers occupy a large role in child-rearing. Postmenopausal women mainly experience social changes as a family member along with personal changes. Postmenopausal women face changes in physical and mental aspects due to drastic hormonal changes. Grandmothers sharing the burden of raising children are actually encountering a number of challenges while dealing with hardships to adapt to physical and mental changes at the same time. It is thought to be important to understand the impact of raising grandchildren on physical and mental conditions among grandmothers experiencing hardships between social reality and personal changes from medical perspective based on sociological studies. Focusing mainly on studies on related fields, this study aims to investigate personal and social supports from medical perspective and to device practical measures.
Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Social Change

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a new term that describes various menopausal symptoms and signs including not only genital symptoms (dryness, burning, and irritation), and sexual symptoms (lack of lubrication, discomfort or pain, and impaired function, but also urinary symptoms (urgency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections). The terms vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis, which were generally used until recently, had a limitation because they did not cover the full spectrum of symptoms and did not imply that the symptoms are related to a decreased estrogen level in menopause. Since the GSM may have a profound negative impact on the quality of life of postmenopausal women, women should be made aware of these problems and treated with an appropriate effective therapy. Thus, in this review we introduce new terminology and discuss the importance of comprehension of GSM and the necessity of active treatment of this syndrome in postmenopausal women.
Atrophic Vaginitis ; Atrophy ; Burns ; Comprehension ; Dysuria ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Lubrication ; Menopause* ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Coronavirus* ; Disease Outbreaks* ; Middle East* ; Republic of Korea*