By NAMBA ‘weight method from leaf, root and stem of Schefflera sp. triterpen saponins were qualified. By thin layer chromatography, 11 stains of saponin were determined on leaf, 7 on stem and root with the quantities of 3,66%, 0,93%, 0,77% in absolutely dried leaf,stem and root, respectively. By thin layer chromatography 4 stains of total sapogenins of the leaf and 2 genins were isolated on column chromatography. Fusion points,chromatography,IR spectrum, 1H-NMR,13 C-NMR spectrography,DEPT,HMQC and HMBC had showed oleanolic and hederagenin in the structure of 2 genins
Saponins ; Araliaceae ; Sapogenins

By column chromatograpy and thin layer chromatography, a purified substance named H3 was isolate from the dried powder of Rau Ma (leaf, stem and root of Centella asiatica). Basing on fusion point, IR spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, COSY 90, the extracted substance was identified as C48H78O19
Triterpenes ; Centella ; isolation & purification ; Identification (Psychology)

Fresh,directly roasted and sand-roasted samples of the radix of ophlogogon contain also saponosids, flavonoids, aminoacides, carotenoids, sugars, fats. They are no significant differences. In decoction 1:1 form, ophlogogon with the dose of 2,5gr/kg of body weight manifests the inhibition of cough reflexe similar to terpine-codeine preparation;with the dose of 10mg /kg bd, no effect of phlegm clearing is manifested
Chemistry ; Biology ; Flavonoids ; Carotenoids ; Carbohydrates ; fats

3 nitrogene derivatives had been synthetized successfully from 4’,5,6-trihydroxy 3,3’,7-methoxyflavone (chrysosplenol C) isolated from Miliusa balansae Fin.& Gagnep. 10 derivatives of chrysosplenol C were prepared. These 13 compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against Hepatoma-G2. Among them, 4 showed moderate activity (IC50<5microgram/ml )
Nitrogen ; chemical synthesis ; analogs & derivatives ;

The remedy “dang sam” has been used commonly in the traditional oriental medicine to reinforce “khi” (vital energy). Two species of “dang sam” were found in Sapa city (Lao Cai province): a wild one and an acclimatized one. In the current study, the botanical characteristics of the wild “dang sam” were described, and the plant was identified as Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook f. The acclimatized “dang sam” also exhibited the characteristics of the Codonopsis genus, and has been planned to be the object of a further study in the future.
Plants ; Medicine, Traditional ; Biochemistry

The herbal remedy Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae) has been used to invigorate the kidney-yang, strengthen muscles and bones, and in impotence. In this study, a micropropagation protocol for the plant was proposed. Aseptic shoot cultures were established from single-node stem cuttings taken from 3-year old, field growing plants, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l Kin. 100% of the shoot apices and single-node stem cuttings (1-1.5 cm long) from these aseptic in vitro shoots produced multiple shoots in MS medium containing 3 mg/l BAP. Shoots arose both directly from axillary buds and indirectly from the periphery of the basal cells of the explants. Maximum rates of multiplication averaging 18.808.99 and 23.529.26 were obtained for shoot apices and stem cuttings, respectively. The basal callus portions gave healthy shoots, and therefore were used for subcultures. Rooting of the single shoots was inhibited by both NAA and IBA at the concentrations 0.1-0.5 mg/l. 50-60% in vitro rooting was obtained in MS medium without any growth regulators in about 30 days, and plantlets were successfully transferred to the nurseries.
Plants ; Medicine, Traditional ; Biochemistry ; Rubiaceae

The remedy Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. var. cochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae) has been commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of itches, furuncles, allergies. Previous reports have examined the chemical composition of the leaves, two compounds have been isolated and identified as gallic acid (FAD1) and ellagic acid (FAD 2). This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of the other chemical constituents. The leaves of E. cochinchinensis Lour. var. cochinchinensis were collected at Ha Noi city and Thai Binh province. The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves were successively chromatographed on silica gel G 60 and Sephadex LH-20 columns to afford two compounds named FAD 7 and FAD 8. The spectral analysis performed on EIMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR has identified FAD7 as kaempferol 7-0-glycoside, and FAD 8 as kaempferol. These two flavonols were isolated from the leaves of the plant for the first time.
Plants ; Medicine, Traditional ; Biochemistry ; Flavonoids

Previous papers have reported that polyphenols from green tea (Camelia sinensis L.) were useful for controlling dental caries. This study examined the effects of the ethanol total polyphenol extract (CX) of green tea leaves on dental caries causing Streptococcus mutans. CX showed to inhibit the glycolysis, biofilm formation and respiration of S. mutans. At the concentration of 0.05%, CX suppressed 30% oxygen consumption in glucose excessive medium, totally inhibited NADH oxidase activity and killed the bacteria with D value of about 13 minutes. The combination of 0.025% CX and 0.25 mM NaF blocked pH drop during glycolysis. Polyphenols from green tea leaves inhibited therefore the adherence of S. mutans in vitro and proved to be effective against dental caries.
Tea ; Plants ; Biochemistry ; Dental Caries ; Streptococcus mutans

Both ethanol extracts of the bark and leaves of Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms (Araliaceae) showed antistress effect on mice at the oral doses of 158 and 167 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The bark proved to be more effective than the leaves, and their efficacity increased with the doses. Both extracts possessed in vitro antioxidant activity at the concentrations of 50-100 mcg/ml, the bark also being more effective than the leaves. The total saponin extract of the bark exhibited antioxidant effects at the levels of 5-25 mcg/ml. So, saponins might be the chemical constituents determining the antioxidant activity.
Plants ; Biochemistry ; Araliaceae ; Therapeutics

Among the enzymes found in snake venom, ribonuclease (RNase) has been known to have the potential effect against cancer and HIV. In a previous report, the author and his colleague have demonstrated that RNase from Vietnamese black cobra (Naja naja) venom differed from all the other identified RNase for its extremely low optimal value of pH. The results in this study showed that it also differed in nonlinear activity dependence on the enzyme concentrations and a sigmoidal curve of saturation with the substrate. This enzyme expressed the maximal activity at the ionic strength of 10 mM of the reaction buffers. Ammonium sulfate entirely suppressed the enzyme activity at the concentration over 70 mM, and sodium chloride reduced the activity by 70% at the level over 100 mM. No magnesium ion was needed for the activation of this RNase.
Snake Venoms ; Snakes ; Animals, Poisonous ; Black Cobra Venom