When confronted with situation of rapid development of HIV/AIDS pandemic, there was a solution called 'harm reduction' for decrease the transmission of HIV. This article explained why we have to do this solution, and introduce the contents of solution: to educate and exchange experiences through peer education; provide HIV voluntary counseling and test, help HIV/AIDS infected people being aware of their situation and received useful advice; guide them using safe syringe; prevent STDs by using condom; introduce and use heroine-replacement drugs. Finally, authors also mentioned advantages of using 'harm reduction' solution
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Disease Outbreaks

Population and reproductive health program in China was focusing on family planning and reproductive health and would be switch to population and sustainable development in the next years, and these also were general orientations confirmed in the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and would be continued in the next period begun from 2004. To implement these orientations, Chinese government introduced policies and legislations for people. China has reached many achievements of population and family planning tasks. From policies and achievements of China, author pointed out some experiences for other countries, especially for Vietnam
Reproduction ; Healthy People Programs ; China

Authors introduced some classes of drugs for treating rheumatic arthritis. Basic drug group includes biological agents, anti TNF drugs such as Entanercept- Enbrel; Infliximab; Adalimumab- Humira. In non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) group, there are Meloxixam - Mobic; Nimesulide- B- Nalgesine; Nise, Celecoxib- Celebrex; Rofecoxib- Vioxx; Valdecoxib-Bextra; Parecoxib- Dynastat; Etoricoxib-arcoxia. Group of slow released antirheumatic drugs included diacetylrÐine or diacerhÐine (ART 50). A new therapy that gave rapid and long lasting pain relieve, more viscosity of articular fluid is administration of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan, Ostenil, Hyruan) intra-articular injection
Antirheumatic Agents ; Drugs, Investigational ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

XXIst century - a biological century follows by the last decade of XXth century - a computer age. During many decades of rapid scientific development, a new scientific branch was born and grew up too fast, it is bioinformatics. However, the concept and application of bioinformatics isn't known widely. So, in this article, author introduced concept bioinformatics and its applications in biotechnology, medicine and pharmacy, forensic biology
Computational Biology ; History, 21st Century ; Computers

Sustained release dosage forms belong to new forms with innovative bioavailability, in which drug was released in tailored design. If physicians haven't a firm grasp on nature, composition of dosage form and give incorrect instruction for use, model of release dosage of drug will be changed, and drug is not only less effective but also harmful. Author introduced technical rules of preparing sustained release drugs, sustained release dosage forms and pathways of administration
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Dosage Forms

Fibroid uterine is a common disease, accounts for 30-40% women between 30 and 50 years old. It is benign, gradual progress, and diversified clinical development. Artery embolization - a less-invasive method was widely used in the world within 8 years ago (but only 3 years in Vietnam).. This method has many advantages: gentle, safe, and effective technique, keeping body intact, higher quality of life for patients. Wide application of this method is reasonable and essential
Embolization, Therapeutic ; Therapeutics ; Myoma ; Leiomyoma

to evaluate the real situation of food safety and hygiene management by Ministries/sectors. Subject: documents, periodical reports of some Ministries/sectors and regions; leaders of appropriate authorities, experts of some Ministries/sectors, local health service, inspectors of food safety and hygiene in some provinces, some processing food enterprises. Method: analyze secondary documents in combination with qualitative study. Conclusion: in recent years, the Vietnam government has given many instructions to related Ministries, sectors in implementing on food safety and hygiene management of each sector as well as multiple sectors to achieve many successes. But, intersectional collaboration in food safety and hygiene management has existed many constrains. In order to improve food safety and hygiene management, it is necessary to issue a clear and appropriate assignment to related sectors to show who is in charge of what basing on keeping some principles: law; collaboration; consensus and correspondence
food ; safety ; Hygiene

This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the KAP of HIV/AIDS control among medical staffs working at many departments of health centers in Daklak provice in the year 2002. The results showed that almost medical staffs have good KAP when expose with infection. The authors also give some recommendations
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Geography

to build formula of captopril sustained release matrix tablets with EC and HPMC, survey the affects of formulation components and optimization of formula by using D- Optimal. Subject: captopril, EC, HPMC, lactose, and starch. Method: prepare tablet, assess the quality of captopril sustained release matrix tablets. Conclusions: From the experiment design, captopril sustained release oral tablets with half life of 12h can be prepared, and by optimized method, the proper formula was found. To produce captopril tablets, it's necessary to further study in large scale, to perform test of bio-equivalence and stability of tablet
Captopril ; Tablets ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

From 1999 to 2004, 6 pregnant women with lasting symptoms of ureteral calculi underwent therapeutic ureteroscopy in the Hospital of Hanoi Post and Telecommunication. The length of gestation ranged from 3 to 28 weeks (median length is 9 weeks). The calculi were detected by ultrasonogrphy, however 1 patient by an X-ray plain film because she was unaware of her pregnancy. In 5 patients, the calculi were removed successfully. There was no complication. The outcome of gestation was satisfactory: the deliveries were normal in 5 patients. 1 patient was stone free and had elective termination unrelated to ureteroscopy. Conclusion: diagnosis and treatment of ureteral calculi in pregnant women is difficult because of some physiological and anatomical changes, and the need of ensuring mother and child's safety. Assessment of gestational development and damage of kidneys are needed for proper treatment
Ureteroscopy ; Pregnancy ; women ; Ureteral Calculi