The vertical HIV transmission from mother to infant can occur in the pregnant period (in utero), during labor or after delivery from breastfeeding. It’s difficult to diagnose HIV-infected newborns by means of serology test, since IgG antibody can infiltrate through placenta from HIV-infected mothers and therefore the serology test is always positive in their babies, even in case the babies were not HIV-infected. In this study, the vertical mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission in utero was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with p17, c2v3 (gp120) and gp41 primers. 37 of 37 (100%) mother blood specimens and 2 of 37 (5.4%) their newborn umbilical cord blood samples were HIV-1 PCR positive. The PCR success rate with P17 and gp41 primers was much higher than that of PCR with c2v3 primer, especially on umbilical cord blood samples. It is recommended that a PCR test using the least 2 primers (p17 and gp41) should be performed at birth to detect HIV-1 seropositive infants and to allow the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. It is necessary to follow up baby health and perform repeatedly HIV-1 PCR on their blood samples to diagnose the timing of HIV-1 transmission.
HIV ; Pregnant Women

Using human rotavirus strain VNHR203-027 to inoculate and passage 11 consecutive times on Africa green monkey kidney (Vero) cells with inoculum medium at different trypsine concentrations, their results are VNHR203-027 have been adapting and growing on Vero cells with trypsin concentration of 30g/ml. Using human rotavirus strain VNHR203-037 to multiply on 4 lots of primary monkey kidney cells and 6 lots of Vero cells gave very high titre on both kinds of cell, the average titre on primary monkey kidney cells was 8,47 Iog10 FFU/ml and of Vero cells was 8.65 Iog10 FFU/ml. No significant difference in potency is found among Vero cells and primary monkey kidney cells (T=10-2 < t=1.86 with =0.05).
Rotavirus ; Cell Culture Techniques

Cohort prospective study was carried out on 196 women with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears diagnosed as ASC, LSIL or AGC. Results: reference standard verification was available in 108 patients. The rate of DNA-aneuploidy in Pap smears increased significantly from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (54%) and CIN2 (64.3%) to CIN3 or above (83.3%) in subsequent biopsies (p<0.05). Using ASC/LSIL/AGC as input cytological criteria and CIN2 or above as output histological diagnosis, positive predictive value (PPV) of conventional cytology and DNA-ICM was 35.2% and 65.9%, respectively (p<0.01). Negative predictive value (NPV) of DNA-ICM was 85.0%. Using CIN3 or above as output histological diagnosis, conventional cytology showed a PPV of 22.2%. PPV and NPV of DNA-ICM were 43.9% and 93.3%, respectively.
Uterine Cervical Diseases ; Diagnosis ; DNA

Study was conducted cross on the sections from 3cm and 5cm of tumor upper edge of 125 patients with gastric carcinoma. Results: the percentage of existence of tissue cancer at the section that above the tumors 3cm and 5cm was 20.8% and 10.4%, respectively. The percentage of existence of tissue cancer at the cross section 3cm and 5cm was higher than invasive type in comparison with intestinal type (28.3% vs 16.5% and 15.2% vs 7.6%), in undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and Signet-ring cell carcinoma comparison with duct carcinoma (36.8%, 37.5% and 26.3% vs 9.7% at cross section 3cm and 21.1%, 18.8% and 10.5% vs 3.2% at cross section 5cm), in tumors with diameter >2cm and ≤5cm comparison with tumors ≤2cm (27% vs 7.1% at cross section 3cm and 14.3% vs 0% at cross section 5cm), in invasive carcinoma of sero comparison with shorter invasive carcinoma and at last in carcinoma of gland metastasis comparison with tumors without gland metastasis (4.7% vs 11.4% at cross section 3cm and 16.7% vs 4.5% at cross section 5cm).
Stomach Neoplasms ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis

Study on 37 patients (28 male, 9 female) treated at Bach Mai Hospital. Results showed that: the ratio of male/female was 3.1/1. Those patients were over 60 years old. The most common clinical signs were chest pain (81%), cough (43.2%), and weight loss (40.5%). Ultrasonic homogeneity in 25 (67.6%) of cases, 86.5% patients had lesion of 20-50mm. 31/37 (83.8%) of cases had one biopsy, 6 cases had a second biopsy including 5 cases with 18G needle. While 37 patients of histological examination of the biopsies found lung cancer in 20 cases (squamous cell carcinoma: 8, adenocarcinoma: 7, large cell carcinoma: 1, small cell carcinoma: 2, undetermined carcinoma: 2), tuberculosis in 5 cases, aspergilloma in 1 case, acute pneumonia in 1 case. There were only 2 complications: one case of hemoptysis which did not require any medication and one case of pneumothorax treated by needle aspiration. Biopsy is relatively safe technique.
Lung Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Biopsy

The study was carried out on 2,483 subjects including 1453 male and 1030 female from 8 to 86 years old at various Northern provinces of Vietnam. These subjects were measured by modern lung ventilation function machine and were standardized before measuring. The linear equation of 14 parameters of lung ventilation function was built for each gender at the two groups of ages ≤25 and ≥26 years old. The values of our equation were lower than that of Quanjer’s. However, it wasn’t statistically different from that of other Vietnamese authors.
Pulmonary Ventilation ; Epidemiology

Pignet index = height (cm) – [weight (kg) + average thoracic circumference (cm)]. This is an advantageous index that has been used widely not only in studying but also in evaluating physical power. However, Pignet index is not yet an ideal index; it should be improved to measure physical power more accurately. Improved Pignet (Pignet-CT) = height (cm) – [weight (kg) + normal thoracic circumference (cm) + right calf circumference (cm)] + 50. This Pignet-CT index has been established by investigating 7955 Vietnamese (3755 male, 4210 female) aged over 16 years old. It has been shown that Pignet-CT index can evaluate physical power more exactly than Pignet index.
Adult ; Physical Examination

Hemorrhagic characters and hemostatic disorders have been investigated in 106 children with acute leukemia at the National Hospital of Pediatrics from September 1st 2002 to August 30th 2004. Results showed that: bleeding signs on admission were found in 49.1%. With subcutaneous hemorrhages, petechie and bruise in skin were most common, and with mucosa hemorrhages, epistaxis and alveolar hemorrhage were more common but gastrointestinal mucosa hemorrhages and urinary hemorrhages were rare. Thrombocytopenia, prolonged APTT, hypofibrinogenemia, hypoprothrombinemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation accounted for 91.5%, 47.2%, 23.6%, 18.9% and 2.8%, respectively. These disorders were often combined together. Hemorrhagic status related closely with thrombocytopenia. Prolonged APTT, decreased prothrombine rate, and hypofibrinogenemia were contributed to increase of hemorrhagic rate.
Hemostatic Disorders ; Child ; Leukemia

Study on 98 patients with SJS and Lyell were treated at the Department of Allergology and Clinical immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1997-2002). SJS & TEN always occurred when patients used the ampicillin and antibiotics of beta-lactam family, carbamazepine and anti-convulsion drugs properly or not. The symptoms of SJS & TEN appeared late (1-7 days) with 9 common clinical symptoms such as mucous membrane ulcerations, erythema, bullas and fever, etc. SR, uremia, enzymes of liver cells and proteinuria went up, that were main changes in blood test and urine test of SJS & TEN patients. Treating time was long-lasting, for SJS was 14.298.83 days, for Lyell syndrome is 19.716.6 days, with 4 main drugs: methyl-prednisolon, dimedrol, glycerin borate, and 5% glucose solution. There was no dead at that time.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ; Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic ; Hypersensitivity ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Study on 89 patients with lupus nephritis treated at Bach Mai Hospital from 1992 to 1998. 49.4% patients experienced renal failure when admitting and there was no statistical difference between age groups except to 2 age groups having the highest rate (80.0%) and the lowest rate (33.3%) of renal failure. At the mild degree of renal failure (degree II), the rate of patients with nephrotic syndrome was very high (88%). The rate of patients with nephrotic syndrome was decreased while the degree of renal failure increased. After 1 month of treatments, 38.6% of patients with renal failure had complete or partly recovery of renal function. This rate increased 75% after 2 months of treatment.
Kidney Failure ; Acute ; Lupus Nephritis ; Therapeutics