A survey of intestinal worm infection was conducted in the island-commune of Minh Chau (Van Don district) and the coastal commune of Phuong Nam (Dong Bi district) of the north-eastern province of Quang Ninh. Stool samples of 900 local people were examined using Willis method. A high prevalence of intestinal worm infection with a cumulative infection rate of 94.9% (854/900), of which Ascaris is most common: 94.8% (853/900), followed by Trichuris: 32% and hookwonn: 12.8% was found. Single infection was 58.3% (498/854), co-infection with three species was 5.4% (46/854), with two species, (mainly with Ascaris and Trichuris) was 36.1% (308/854). The infection rate of Ascaris and Trichuris was not different between male and female but increased with ages above 15 years old (97.7% vs 37.7%). However, hookworm infection was found higher (16.9%) in females compared to males (7.9%) (P<0.05) and most increased at the ages of 10 - 15 years old
Helminths ; Epidemiology

Sixty five patients infected with liver fluke (Clonorchiasis or Opisthorchiasis) were treated with praziquantel and investigated for laboratory manifestation in the Hospital 103, Lao PDR. Eosinophil was found to increase significantly. Total bilirubin is higher than normal value in majority of the patients. Liver fluke was identified as Opisthorchis viverrini. There was no relation between the intensity of infection and egg counts of Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica ; Therapeutics ; Diagnosis ; Praziquantel

Fasciolopsis buski is common parasite in pigs. Some patients who infected by adult worms of Fasciolopsis buski in several areas, including the provinces of Ninh Binh and Nghe An were sampled. Genome of 18S ribosomal RNA with 1950 nucleotides from giant intestinal fluke (Fasciolopsis buski) was obtained using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing approach for comparative analysis each others and with the data deposited in GenBank (L06668). The adult worms from Ninh Binh and Nghe An were morphologically identified as Fasciolopsis buski. The genetic analysis revealed that the 18S rRNA gene of the giant intestinal flukes isolated in Ninh Binh and Nghe An were similar (homogenous 100% of nucleotides) and showed nearly absolute identity with only 2 divergent nucleotides of 0.01% (2/1950 nucleotides) to the 18S rRNA of the pig Fasciolopsis buski as the data deposited in GenBank (L066608). However, 18S ribosomal RNA of the adult worms of human Fasciolopsis buski collected from the provinces of Ninh Binh and Nghe An were similar to one another
Fasciolidae ; RNA

One of the challenges for the current malaria management in the province of Thua Thien - Hue is imported malaria caused by the movement of population across the Vietnam - Laos border and between the malaria endemic areas from Quang Nam to Quang Tri provinces by the newly constructed route of Ho Chi Minh. Under that circumstance, the active measures have been set up for control and prevention of malaria infection, especially for risk cases. These measures appear to be initially effective. The incidence, fatality has been controlled. The risk of imported malaria has been over. However, those measures need to be sustained in the border areas and the Ho Chi Minh route to maintain the achievements
Malaria ; Therapeutics

In 2004, the technical measures combined to health education were further strengthened. The malaria situation, therefore, was improved as the morbidity was reduced by 20%, malaria cases reduced by 3.6% and PSR reduced by 17%. However, malaria prevalence is inhomogeneously distributed with more malaria cases found in the former highly endemic districts
Malaria ; Epidemiology

Studies of 805 samples until 10/2004 show that the malaria prevalence was high in the first 5 months in 2003, among 7 deaths were unorganized migrants. They contract malaria all year round, especially in the beginning of the year with the highest of 11.96% in February. The density of maralia parasite (+) was high in months at the beginning and end of the year such as January, April and October with the density in the first month of 2.92%. Spleenomegaly was mostly seen in age 5-14 with 3.17% and mostly in grade I and II (97.8%). Spleenomegaly grade III and IV is predominated in over 14 years old group (60%). Vectors at the first three months of the year were high and various in species in accordance with the malaria prevalence. An. dirus and An. minimus as the two main vectors of transmitting were present in almost of the year both house inside and outside, which is the cause for the transmission
Malaria ; Epidemiology

Survey on 702 samples including 234 contracted to malaria and 468 with symtoms by the method of disease-evidence at Krongpac district, Dak Lak province in 8/2003 to study the charateristics and factors relating to malaria parasite. Results showed that groups with primary education level or less and had average income less than 200,000VND/month were at high prevalence, 53.4% and 46.7%, respectively. While the groups with secondary education level or more and income more than 200,000VND/month were at 18.1% and 16.5%, respectively. The correlation between working on field and contracting malaria parasite is that those working on field had high potential of contracting malaria parasite with OR = 6.98 (95% CI: 4.56-10.45), with statistic significance of P<0.01. The habit of use mosquito net is related to the prevalence among the samples. Those sleep without a net had high level of contracting malaria parasite with OR = 5.35 (95% CI: 3.37-7.66). Sleeping in mosquito net is an important prevention method against malaria parasite
Malaria ; Epidemiology

A high therapeutic efficacy was found in the experimental mouse model infected with P. berghei (both chloroquin sensitive and resistant strains). At a low dose, as twice as the human dose and calculated as mg/kg of body weight of mice, the combination produced a high effect, clearing parasite within 3 days. However a considerable rate of recrudescence (10%) was found within 28 following-up days. At a high dose as tenth as a human dose, the combination was found to have a high therapeutic effect of 100% cure rate on mice clearing parasite within 2 days and no recurrence occured within 28 following-up days in all the tests. Arterakin was found to be a highly effective antimalaria drug with cure rate of 100% and a fast parasite clearance time (1-2 days) in both P falciparum and P. vivax infected patients. The total dose of 8 tablets for 3 days for adults and relevant doses for children appeared to be appropriate
Malaria ; Therapeutics ; Artemisinins

The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the artesunate in 7-day treatment course on uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria from August to December 2003, in the Phuoc Hoa and Phuoc Thang communes, Bac Ai district, Ninh Thuan province. The clinical trials were implemented in conformity with the WHO Guidelines 2001. Artesunate with total dose of 16 mg/kg body weight was used for 7days in 159 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. The oral treatment of patients was supervised strictly; the clinical assessment and parasite density were followed up during 28 days after treatment. The number of patients completing 28-day follow-up was 131 cases. The trial results showed that the success rate of treatment was 122/131 (accounting for 93.1%) cases, the mean fever clearance time (mean +/- SD) was 1.2:+/- 0.4 days, the mean parasite clearance time was 1.8+/- 0.7 days and the rate of late treatment failure was 9/131 cases (6.9%)
Malaria ; Malaria, ; Falciparum ; Artemisinins

Insecticidal effects of Agnique MMF were investigated in the coastal brackish water shrimp farms in the Tan Thuan commune, Dam Doi district of Ca Mau province in 2000. The investigations were made in terracotta jars and shrimp ponds with the surface area 30m2 and 1000m2 each. Agnique MMF was found to have a high and fast killing effect on larvae of An.sundaicus at all three testing doses of 0.3ml/m2, 0.4ml/m2 and 0.5ml/m2. Especially larvae at instars of III, IV and pupae. However, the insecticide produced a low effect on Culex sitiens killing larvae of IV ins tar and only retarding larvae of I, II, III instar. The residual effect of Agnique MMF was found to be 14 days in the terracotta jars and 6 days in the ponds. In the direct observations, Agnique MMF was found to have no negative effects on rearing shrimps
Fatty Alcohols ; Polyethylene Glycols