PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of taking calcium/vitamin D supplements and performing Taekkyeon exercises on the frailty of the elderly targeting a vulnerable senior social group. METHODS: A total of 124 people aged 65 and older consisting of 60 persons in the experimental group, and 64 persons in the control group participated in this study, and this study is a non-equivalent control group pre/post-test design quasi-experimental study. This study analyzed the homogeneity between the experimental group and the control group using a chi-square test and t-test while analyzing the difference in the degree of frailty and bone density with the practice of Taekkyeon and a calcium agent using t-test and GEE. RESULTS: The study results showed that the frailty and bone density of the experimental group significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Through this study, it was confirmed that calcium/vitamin D intake and Taekkyeon exercises were an effective intervention which strengthened the elderly's physical condition.
Aged ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Exercise ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Vitamin D

PURPOSE: This study is a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effect of case-based learning (CBL) on critical thinking disposition, communication ability, problem solving ability and self-directed learning ability of nursing students in a pathophysiology course. METHODS: The development of 3 CBL scenarios of pathophysiology were conducted by nursing faculties & clinical nurses before CBL began. Among the sophomore nursing students who were taking a pathophysiology course, the intervention group (n=43) was the nursing students who hope to participate in an extra-CBL program with usual pathophysiology lessons and the control group (n=36) was the nursing students who wanted to receive the usual pathophysiology lessons. The intervention group received additional CBL using 3 different scenarios for 1 hour per week during 4 weeks from May to June, 2016. Data were analyzed by a chi-square test, t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 18.0 RESULTS: The mean score of critical thinking disposition (F=11.60, p=.001), communication ability (F=4.24, p=.043), and self-directed learning ability (F=4.75, p=.032) were significantly higher in intervention group than those in control group. But there was no significant difference between the two groups in problem solving ability (F=1.59, p=.211). CONCLUSION: The application of a CBL program during a pathophysiology course was effective in improving the critical thinking disposition, and the self-directed learning ability of sophomore nursing students.
Communication* ; Faculty, Nursing ; Hope ; Humans ; Learning* ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing* ; Problem Solving* ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct an intensive education program on infection control and investigated how the program influenced nursing students' knowledge, attitude, and confidence in the infection control. METHODS: The program was conducted for four days between January 5 and 8, 2016, for seven hours per day. The program was conducted by the specialists in infectious diseases and the nurses specializing in infection, and the third year students enrolled in E University participated in the program. Knowledge, attitude, and confidence in infection control were measured before and after the program in the students that participated in the program and those who did not. The experimental group consisted of 33 students while the control group comprised 28 students. RESULTS: The two groups were found to be homogeneous before the education program. After four days of intensive education program, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in knowledge (t=2.02, p=.048), attitude (t=2.04, p=.045), and performance confidence (t=2.75, p=.008) in infection control when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that our intensive education program on hospital infection control was effective for the nursing students who will be professional nurses who will carry out autonomous roles in infection control in a near future.
Communicable Diseases ; Cross Infection* ; Education* ; Humans ; Infection Control* ; Nursing* ; Specialization ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: Recent studies demonstrated disruption of the circadian clock gene is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is often caused by the high calorie intake, In addition, the chronic stress tends to contribute to the increased risk for obesity. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms, we examined the expression of circadian clock genes in high fat diet-induced mice models with the chronic stress. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed with a 45% or 60% high fat diet for 8 weeks. Daily immobilization stress was applied to mice fed with a 45% high fat for 16 weeks. We compared body weight, food consumption, hormone levels and metabolic variables in blood. mRNA expression levels of metabolic and circadian clock genes in both fat and liver were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The higher fat content induced more severe hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, and these results correlated with their relevant gene expressions in fat and liver tissues. Chronic stress had only minimal effects on metabolic variables, but it altered the expression patterns of metabolic and circadian clock genes. These results suggest that the fat metabolism regulates the function of the circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues, and stress hormones may contribute to its regulation.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Circadian Clocks* ; Diet, High-Fat ; Gene Expression* ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperlipidemias ; Immobilization ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Obesity ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a senior functional game (Rejuvenescent village) on cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depression, and life satisfaction in Korea. METHODS: An one-group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected twice (at the beginning and the end) from 100 elderly adults in S city who played “Rejuvenescent village” 8 times (twice per week, one hour per session) for a month. Also they completed questionnaires on their cognitive function, IADL, depression, life satisfaction, and general characteristics. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 programs. RESULTS: The mean age was 70.06(±3.77) years, with a range of 65-80 years old. Among 100 subjects, 21% were male and 85% were young old. There were statistically significant differences in cognitive function (t=-3.32, p=.001), IADL (t=1.98, p=.049), and life satisfaction (t=-2.15, p=.034). Although there was no statistically significant difference in mean depression score (t=1.06, p=.292), categorized depression was statistically significant (χ²=62.97, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings in this study show that the serious game (Rejuvenescent village) was effective for older Koreans' cognitive function, IADL, depression, and life satisfaction. Thus, we need to consider senior functional games to get health benefits by making elderly adults active with enjoyment.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Adult ; Aged ; Cognition* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Korea ; Male

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in order to survey the current state of cleaning, disinfection, rinsing, drying, and storage of gastrointestinal endoscopes. METHODS: Eighty hospitals were selected through convenient sampling. Self-reported questionnaire was distributed from September 14 to October 10 in 2015. RESULTS: The response rate was 67.5% (54/80). In 88.9% of the hospitals, reprocessing was performed in a cleaning space separated from the laboratory and 88.9% used an enzymatic cleaner. Disinfectants used were ortho-phthalaldehyde in 63.0%, and paracetic acid in 33.3%. Eighty seven percent of the hospitals used test strips in order to test the effective concentration of disinfectant and in 61.1%, drying was done through passing air and over 70% alcohol. Microbial culture for the quality control of gastrointestinal endoscopes was performed in 77.8%. In the comparison of the adequacy of gastrointestinal endoscope reprocessing, it was observed that gastrointestinal endoscopes were reprocessed more adequately in larger and tertiary care hospitals. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal endoscopes were reprocessed in similar manners, but there were differences in the detailed process. It is still necessary to segment reprocessing into stages, to prepare standardized guidelines, and to monitor compliance with the guidelines.
Compliance ; Disinfectants ; Disinfection ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal* ; Korea* ; o-Phthalaldehyde ; Quality Control ; Tertiary Healthcare

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the effects of information on anxiety, blood pressure and pulse in cerebral angiography clients. METHODS: The data were collected from June to November 2014. The participants were 42 (21 each for experimental and control group) patients who to received cerebral angiography. The information developed from researchers' materials for cerebral angiography was provided only to experimental group. Measured variables were anxiety, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. Research tools for anxiety were Spielberger's state anxiety inventory, and 10 point visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The difference in mean systolic blood pressure after intervention between the experimental group (129±15.34) and the control group (141±17.70) was statistically significant (t=-2.28, p=.028). The differences between the two groups in state anxiety, VAS anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate after intervention were not statistically significant (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The information using educational material was effective in to decreasing systolic blood pressure in patients who received cerebral angiography. Therefore this study material could be used as a nursing intervention for patients in cerebral angiography.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure* ; Cerebral Angiography* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Information Services ; Nursing

PURPOSE: Adolescents who experienced the alcohol consumption have gradually increased. Adolescence is a critical period of the neural plasticity in the brain. Neural plasticity is mediated by neurotrophins and has an impact on cognitive function. Environmental enrichment ameliorates the cognitive function and increases neurotrophins. Thus, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of environmental enrichment on ethanol induced cognitive impairment in adolescent rats. METHODS: The ethanol groups and the controls groups were injected with ethanol (0.5g/kg) and phosphate buffered saline, respectively, through intraperitoneal from 28th day of birth for 11 days. The environmental enrichment groups were provided larger cages containing toys than the standard cage . Passive avoidance test and Y-maze test were performed to evaluate the spatial memory. RESULTS: Environmental enrichment+ethanol group showed higher alterations than the standard environment+ethanol group in Y-maze test (p<.05). In hippocampus, The environmental enrichment+ethanol group showed significantly higher level of the number of c-fos positive celsl and density of tropomyosin receptors kinase B receptor than the standard environment+ethanol group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: So, we suggested that the environmental enrichment played a role as a prophylaxis for prevention of memory impairment induced by ethanol exposure in adolescence.
Adolescent* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Brain ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ethanol* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Memory ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Parturition ; Phosphotransferases ; Plastics ; Play and Playthings ; Rats* ; Spatial Memory ; Tropomyosin

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive study to investigate the relevance between pathophysiological subject and examination workbook items for national nurse licensure examination in South Korea and the United States. METHODS: Eight registered nurse licensure examination workbooks published by the Korean nurses association were used for the analysis. Saunders comprehensive review for the national council licensure examination (NCLEX-RN) was used for analysis of those in the United States. The relevance between the subjects in the standard syllabuses of pathophysiology and the registered nurse licensure exam items of these workbooks in South Korea and the United States respectively was analyzed. RESULTS: The Relevance rates in South Korea and the United States were : fundamentals of nursing 6.34% vs 32.12%, adult nursing 25.5% vs 25.92% child health nursing 7.81% vs 21.7%, woman health nursing 5.1% vs 17.07% psychiatric mental health nursing 2.7% vs 7.32%, and community health nursing 0.9% vs 0%. CONCLUSION: the relevance in pathophysiology between the registered nurse licensure exam in South Korea and the United States was high in adult nursing and fundamentals of nursing (especially in the United States). In developing integrated registered nurse licensure exam questions, we should consider pathophysiology as an important subject.
Adult ; Child Health ; Community Health Nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Licensure* ; Nurses ; Nursing ; Psychiatric Nursing ; United States*

BACKGROUND: This study purposed to examine how the incidence of the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in a operating room (OR) is affected by bundle application on central line insertion (CLI) practice. METHODS: The study design was a pretest-posttest experimental trial. The subjects were 83 patients before the bundle application on CLI and 70 patients after. RESULTS: The compliance(%) of bundle on CLI of among those who observed all of the five items increased from 7.2% before the intervention to 72.9% after. By items, compliance with the maximal barrier precaution was 100% for the use of a mask and cap before and after the intervention, but increased from 73.5% before the intervention to 88.6% after for the hand hygiene, from 73.5% to 88.6% for the use of a sterile gown, and from 9.6% to 75.7% for the use of a sterile large drape covering the whole body. CLABSI did not happen on CLI either before or after the application of the bundle intervention. CONCLUSION: Bundle application increased compliance with the use of a sterile gown and the use of a sterile large drape. However, its effect in the prevention of CLABSI was not clear probably due to the short period of intervention in a single hospital.
Compliance ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Masks ; Operating Rooms*