PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing life satisfaction for mothers with children in elementary school. METHODS: Participants were 243 mothers with a child in first and fifth degree of one elementary school in G city. Data were collected from March 20 to April 9, 2010. The instruments used were Satisfaction with Life Scale, Parent Satisfaction Scale, Korean ADHD Rating Scale, Parenting Alliance Inventory and Scale for Measuring Family Strengths. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0 computer program and included one-way ANOVA, Scheffe back-testing, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The life satisfaction of the mothers showed significantly positive correlations with parent role satisfaction, spousal support, and family strengths and negative correlations with ADHD. Significant predictors of life satisfaction for mothers with children in elementary school were spousal support and sharing of value systems, and these variables explained 37.0% of the variance in life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that improvement of spousal support and sharing of the family value system should be helpful in promoting life satisfaction for mothers with children in elementary school.
Child* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among anger, depression, and self-esteem in female college students. METHODS: First-semester nursing students (N=248) completed surveys to estimate correlations of anger, depression, and self-esteem. Participants were recruited from two colleges in S and G cities, Korea. Data were collected from April 10 to 30, 2011. Measurement tools were for anger, Novaco Anger Scale (NAS), for depression, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and for self-esteem, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. SPSS/WIN 17.0 version was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. RESULTS: There were significant differences in self-esteem according to mood of family. Anger was significantly correlated with depression and self-esteem, which were significant predictors (30.0%) of anger. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that health promotion programs conducted by nurses for college student health care should target depression while bolstering self-esteem to promote anger management.
Anger* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression* ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate personal, family, and community factors that affect gambling behavior of high school students. METHODS: The participants were 564 students from 7 high schools. Data were obtained from these participants between July 6 and July 20, 2011 by using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: Of the participants, 88.8% were in the non-gambling group, 11.2% in the risk for gambling group. Significant factors related to gambling behavior were 7 personal factors: alcohol consumption, suicidal ideation, experience of being a runway, irrational gambling beliefs, risk taking, stress, and self-control; 4 family factors: parental alcohol abuse, mother who gamble, sibling who gamble, and parental monitoring; and 2 community factors: peer who gamble and number of gambling peer. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicate that in order to decrease high school students' gambling behavior, it is necessary to design intervention programs that managing personal, family, and community factors of gambling behavior.
Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism ; Gambling* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk-Taking ; Siblings ; Suicidal Ideation

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a risk behavior scale for Korean middle school adolescents. METHODS: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, and extraction of final items. The participants were 717 adolescents from six middle schools in three cities. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Fifty seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 4 factors explaining 48.11% of total variance. The factors were labeled as latent problem behavior (38 items), suicidal behavior (7 items), runaways (3 items), and internet negative use (9 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with crisis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 57 items was .92. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that the risk behavior scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean middle school adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Homeless Youth ; Humans ; Internet ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk-Taking*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the relationship of spirituality and stress response including anger, depression, somatization, and job stress among Korean employees in small industries. METHODS: The participants were 199 employees, aged 20 to 59, working in sixteen enterprises in C province. Workers responded to a questionnaire that included items on spirituality, a modified form of the stress response inventory (SRI-MF), and items on general characteristics. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. RESULTS: The level for spirituality was moderate and for SRI low. The score for anger was found to be the highest stress response. There was significant negative relationships between spirituality and stress response, depression, and job stress. Spirituality differed by age, religion and stress response differed by age, education level, marital status, and religion. Simple regression analysis showed that spirituality accounted for 37% of the SRI, a significant level. CONCLUSION: As the finding show that spirituality influenced the stress response of employees in small enterprises employee assistant programs (EAP) for stress management, which focus on the spirituality, age, marital status, religion, and education level, should be developed and provided for these employees.
Anger ; Depression ; Education ; Marital Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spirituality*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors which predict depression in resdents of geriatric medical and welfare facilities in metropolitan areas. METHODS: The participants were 125 elderly people who resided in geriatric medical and welfare facilities. A structured questionnaires was used to collect data during the period from Sept. 28 to Oct. 23, 2009, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score per item for perceived health status was 2.6, and the mean depression score was 3.40. Depression showed a negative correlation with perceived health status (r=-.44, p<.001). Variables that predicted depression were perceived health status, perceived economic status, and attitude of staff towards the elders (33.6%). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a need to develop, geriatric mental health program to prevent depression in elders who reside in geriatric medical and welfare facilities.
Aged ; Depression* ; Geriatric Nursing ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between hope, depression and suicidal ideation in patient with chronic mental illness patients. METHODS: The subjects were 188 patient with chronic mental illness in a Community Mental Health Center. The data were collected from July 27 2009 to August 21, 2009. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There was found significant and negative correlation among hope and suicidal ideation; significant and positive correlation was found between depression and suicidal ideation; a significant and negative correlation among hope, depression and suicidal ideation. Depression was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Hope, depression and suicidal ideation in chronic mental illness patients, and significant correlations between their relationships. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes increasing the hope and decreasing depress in order to decrease suicidal ideation.
Depression* ; Hope* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing depression in middle aged people in relation to powerlessness, social support, and sociodemographic variables. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was carried out with a convenience sample of 160 middle aged people in a community setting. The data analysis procedures included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using depression as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 44.4%. There were significant differences in depression by number of members in the family, education, economic status, and subjective health status. Powerlessness was significantly different according to gender, economic status, and subjective health status. and social support according to economic status and subjective health status. Depression showed significant correlations with powerlessness and social support. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that factors significantly affecting variance included economic status, number of members in the family, powerlessness, and social support. These factors explained 43% of variance in depression. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that to prevent the occurrence of depression, socio-environmental aspects including economic state should be considered when developing interventions for middle aged adults.
Adult ; Depression* ; Education ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Class* ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of laughter therapy in victimized community residence and to suggest that the practice is an effective nursing intervention to reduce anger, anger expression and to improve mental health. METHODS: The research design was a non-synchronized design with a nonequivalent control group. Laughter therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March 21 to April 16 2009. The 31research participants were assigned to an experimental (15) or control (16) group. Laughter therapy was administered four times to the experimental group. Data analysis was done with SPSS/win 17.0 for Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: There were significant changes in the level of trait anger and somatization. There were no significant changes in the level of anger expression, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid and interpersonal sensitivity. CONCLUSION: These results show that laughter therapy is an effective nursing intervention to decrease the level of trait anger and somatization.
Anger* ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Laughter ; Laughter Therapy* ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Petroleum Pollution* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study is to investigate th relations among ego identity, stress, and internet addiction in high school students. METHODS: In order to get the data by self-questionnaire, 750 subject were selected from Aug. 20 to Aug. 31, 2008. The data was analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: Ego identity scores were 39.54, stress scores were 64.68, internet addiction scores were 65.34. There were significantly negative correlations between ego identity and stress, between ego identity and internet addiction. But there was significantly positive correlation between stress and internet addiction. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of internet addiction was stress related to individual. CONCLUSION: The findings of study suggest that broad internet addiction and stress program should be provided to prevent problems of internet addiction.
Ego ; Humans ; Internet*