PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between Moral Sensitivity, Empathy and Perceived Ethical Climate for nurses working in national mental hospitals and to provide basic data for the development of interventions that enhance Moral Sensitivity and help psychiatric hospital nurses in Ethical Decision-making. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 psychiatric nurses working in the national mental hospitals. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which included the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). RESULTS: The mean score for MSQ was 5.19, for IRI, 2.49, and for HECS, 3.73. There was a significant positive correlation between moral sensitivity and empathy (r=.24, p=.001), between moral sensitivity and perceived ethical climate (r=.17, p= .025) and between empathy and perceived ethical climate (r=.17, p=.025). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that moral sensitivity can be enhanced by improving empathy, a personal factor, and ethical climate, an organization factor. Further identification of the relationship between moral sensitivity and personal and organizational factors will be useful in the development of interventions to enhance moral sensitivity of nurses working in psychiatric wards.
Climate* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Empathy* ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Humans

PURPOSE: In this study effects of a flipped learning-based psychiatric nursing practicum were evaluated for appropriateness with undergraduate nursing students who are digital natives and tech-savvy millennial students. METHODS: For this retrospective comparative study data from 146 undergraduate students (flipped learning group n=70, traditional learning group n=76) were evaluated for academic performance and life core competencies. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the flipped and traditional learning groups in prior homogeneity tests. The academic performance of the flipped learning group was higher than the control group in all aspects, except for practical quiz scores. The flipped leaning group had significantly higher self-assessment scores for academic performance (t=2.77, p=.006) and therapeutic communication simulation scores (t=3.18, p=.002). In addition, they showed a significant increase in core life competencies after participating in the flipped-learning practicum (t=-8.56, p<.001). They showed significant increases in all subdomains except Identity-value [Socialization (t=-5.13, p<.001), Responsibility-practice (t=-3.52, p=.001), Problem-solving (t=-2.67, p=.010), Knowledge-construction (t=-2.48, p=.016), and Information-management (t=-5.54, p<.001)]. Nursing students in the flipped learning-based clinical practicum showed significant improvement in performance and life core competencies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that as a student-centered pedagogy, flipped learning is an effective strategy for improving academic performance and core competencies.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Population Groups ; Preceptorship ; Problem-Based Learning ; Psychiatric Nursing* ; Retrospective Studies ; Self-Assessment ; Students, Nursing ; Teaching

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition on the self efficacy, relationship function and social skills for chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-two participants were selected from patients with chronic schizophrenia, and they divided into an experimental group(26) and control group(26). Cognitive behavioral group therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March to May. Therapy was administered once a week over 10-weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that compared to the control group, experimental group improved on relationship function and social skills and showed better self-reported self efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition is an effective nursing intervention to increase the levels of self efficacy, relationship function and social skills.
Cognition* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Schizophrenia* ; Self Efficacy* ; Social Skills*

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to identify the essential meaning of clinical supervision for psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. METHODS: Data were collected in 2015 through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions from 9 women psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. Each interview lasted about 90 minutes. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using the Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. RESULTS: The results of the analysis showed the following four categories: ‘Barren mental health site alone’, ‘Enduring with reflective supervision’, ‘Professional competence enhanced by continuous supervision’, ‘Maintaining a healthy life balance as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner’. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study provide helpful insights for understanding the need for clinical supervision in the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner course. The results also provide support for the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner course and practice development for psychiatric mental health nurses at the work site.
Female ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mental Health* ; Methods ; Nurse Practitioners* ; Organization and Administration* ; Qualitative Research ; Workplace

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of university students who witnessed of school violence during their formative years. METHODS: The participants in this study included 30 university students who had witnessed school violence. Analysis of the data was performed using content analysis according to Downe-Wamboldt. Data were collected from September 2015 to February 2016. RESULTS: Based on this study, there were four domains of school violence including witnessing, type of reaction, aftermath and future measures. According to the analysis, these four domains were classified into 13 variables, 32 categories and 73 significant statements. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further research is needed to develop measures to address problems that have developed for students who have witnessed school violence.
Humans ; Violence*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine economic stress, depression, suicidal ideation, resilience and social support in college students and to examine the correlation between these variables. METHODS: The participants were 157 3th and 4th year college students. Data were collected in September and October, 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Students' economic hardship and worry about future economic security, sub-categories of economic stress had positive correlations with depression and suicidal ideation. Economic hardship showed a significant negative correlation with resilience but no correlation with social support while worry about future economic security had negative correlations with resilience and social support. Factors significantly influencing suicidal ideation were depression (β=.37, p<.001) and social support (β=−.31, p<.001), with a total explanatory power of 36% (F=9.09, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that intervention strategies for managing economic stress in college students should include developing resilience and providing social support as well as decreasing depression and suicidal ideation.
Depression* ; Humans ; Suicidal Ideation*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify how internalized stigma, anger expression style, and mental health service satisfaction impact on the self-esteem of inpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: For this descriptive correlational study, 191 inpatients with schizophrenia participated. They had been admitted to one of six mental hospitals in three areas of South Korea. Data were collected from August 1 to November 30, 2016 using self-report questionnaires and data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with IBM SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The significant predictors of self-esteem in inpatients with schizophrenia were internalized stigma, anger expression style, and mental health service satisfaction, explaining 36% of the variance in self-esteem. The most significant predictor of self-esteem in inpatients with schizophrenia was internalized stigma. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that a significant reduction in the internalized stigma of inpatients with schizophrenia increases their self-esteem. It is also, necessary to improve adaptive anger expression style and mental health service satisfaction.
Anger* ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Mental Health Services* ; Mental Health* ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive correlation study was to examine the correlations among body mass index, paternal and maternal parenting, alexithymia, depression, and abnormal eating behaviors, and to determine associated risk factors for Korean women college students. METHODS: Data were collected from 270 women college students in S city, Korea. They were asked to fill out the Korean version of the Eating Attitude Test, Parental Bonding Instrument, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchial regression analysis. RESULTS: College students' abnormal eating behaviors were significantly associated with body mass index, paternal and maternal parenting, alexithymia, and depression. Hierarchical regression analysis found the most important predictors of abnormal eating behaviors were body mass index and depression, which explained 15% of the variance in abnormal eating behaviors. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that women college students with overweight and higher levels of depression are vulnerable to disordered eating behavior. Management of obesity and depressive mood could be effective interventions to prevent disordered eating behavior.
Affective Symptoms ; Body Mass Index ; Depression ; Eating* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Parenting ; Parents ; Risk Factors ; Statistics as Topic ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the posttraumatic growth, a positive mental and psychological change and related factors experienced by firefighters, in order to prevent PTSD and to for use as basic data for mental health promotion. METHODS: This study was a descriptive research study with 186 firefighters working in two fire stations in Busan Metropolitan City. It was conducted from August 1 to 31, 2015. There were 5 research tools in the structured survey, including IES-R-K, Resilience Scale, FACES-III, OCQ, and K-PTGI. Collected data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The related factors affecting posttraumatic growth in firefighers were family cohesion (β=.15, p=.044), organizational commitment (β=.61, p<.001), gender (β=.16, p=.023) and amount of work experience in the current field (β=.28, p=.001). The explanatory power of these factors for posttraumatic growth was 43.1%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to develop and distribute intervention programs that focus on strengthening the resilience of individuals, organizational commitment and family cohesion to promote post-traumatic growth, instead of focusing on crisis intervention and follow-up programs after traumatic experiences.
Busan ; Crisis Intervention ; Firefighters* ; Fires ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Mental Health ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the countertransference experience of nursing students in psychiatric nursing practice. METHODS: Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants who were women nursing students. RESULTS: The core category was “narrowing mind distance with patients by exploring countertransference”. The countertransference experience process consisted of four sequential phases: exploring a countertransference, managing a countertransference, increasing understanding of patients, and establishing a trusting relationship. CONCLUSION: The results from the study contribute to promoting understanding of the countertransference experience of nursing students' during nursing practise and should be helpful in therapeutic communication competence education.
Countertransference (Psychology)* ; Education ; Female ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Psychiatric Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*