PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of experiential avoidance on the impact of childhood trauma and parent problem drinking on problem drinking of the university student children of theses parents. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Participants were 250 university students from four universities in Gwangju city, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Gyongsangnam-do. Data were collected from March 2 to March 31 2015 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between childhood trauma, parent problem drinking, experiential avoidance and university students' problem drinking. It was found that experiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between parent problem drinking and university students' problem drinking. Also, it was found that experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and university students' problem drinking. CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, nursing interventions should be developed to decrease experiential avoidance, with additional consideration of childhood trauma and parent problem drinking, in order to prevent problem drinking among university students.
Alcohol Drinking ; Child* ; Drinking* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Jeollanam-do ; Negotiating* ; Nursing ; Parents

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify levels of family function, codependency, depression, and self-esteem, and to identify factors influencing family function in families pathological gamblers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants in the survey for this study were 103 families pathological gamblers from gambling counseling G center in Gyung-gi province. Data were collected from January to December, 2012 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise regression with SAS program. RESULTS: Codependency, depression, self-esteem and family function showed strong correlations (p<.001). Family status, type of housing tenure, codependency and self-esteem were identified as factors influencing family function in families pathological gamblers. These variables explained 27% of family function. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that these variables should be considered in developing nursing intervention programs to improve family function in families pathological gamblers.
Codependency (Psychology) ; Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Family Health ; Gambling ; Housing ; Humans ; Nursing ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening tools using community network of home childcare center visiting nurses. METHODS: The design of this study is multilevel survey to find the ASD using modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) for first screening by childcare teachers, checklist for autism in toddlers (CHAT) for secondary screening by nurses, Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) and Autism diagnostic interview revised (ADI-R) for final diagnosis by pediatric psychiatrists. RESULTS: In first screening by using M-CHAT, 61 subjects(0.56%) were detected among 8,926 subjects. Among the first screened 61 subjects, 13 subjects were exempted for normal finding in CHAT. 24 subjects consented participation for final diagnosis and 23 of them were diagnosed ASD. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, M-CHAT and CHAT were verified their utility as screening tools for ASD in the community and the community health networks as a childcare visiting nurses can be useful network in early detection and referral of ASD.
Appointments and Schedules ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Community Networks ; Diagnosis ; Mass Screening* ; Nurses, Community Health* ; Psychiatry ; Referral and Consultation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore experience of people with mentally disability for work drop-out. METHODS: Participants were 10 persons with an intellectual disability. The Colaizzi's phenomenological method was utilized. Data were collected using non-structured interviews. RESULTS: According to the data analysis, 7 theme-clusters were identified from 13 themes. The theme-clusters were 'Struggling in work', 'Being a stranger in the office', 'Struggling in standing alone', 'Feeling ambivalent', 'Waiting for a new opportunity for work', 'Being determined to make an effort to maintain a job', 'Expecting myself to gain recognition'. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicate a need to design intervention programs and directions to introduce realistic improvement plans for people with intellectual disabilities in order to decrease work drop-out.
Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Qualitative Research ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of mental health literacy (MHL) among parents of adolescents and middle and high school teachers in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used for the present study. Participants were 120 parents and 103 middle and high school teachers in Korea. In 2014-2015 participants completed a survey about two case vignettes(adolescent schizophrenia and depression) and answered questions assessing recognition of these disorders and belief about the helpfulness of interventions and resources. Descriptive analysis, t-test and chi2 test were performed. RESULTS: Schizophrenia was recognized by only 11.6% of parents and 25.2% of teachers. Depression was recognized by 32.5% of parents and 59.2% of teachers. Both parents and teachers acknowledged individual and socio-environmental factors as causes for schizophrenia and depression. However, they were less likely to recognize biological factors as potential causes for mental illness. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the need for education programs for parents of adolescents and teachers to improve their mental health literacy, particularly concerning biological causes of mental illness.
Adolescent* ; Biological Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health* ; Parents* ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using a social skills training program to address problem behaviors, social skill, and peer relationship in children using a community child center in a vulnerable area. METHODS: The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Participants in the experimental group were 25 children, recruited from a community child center in G-city. Participants in the control group were 25 children, recruited from a community child center in S-city. Data were collected from September, 2014 to January, 2015. Outcomes were measured using the Child Problem-Behavior Screening Questionnaire (CPSQ), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Peer Relational Skills Scale (PRSS). The experimental group participated in the social skills training weekly for 10 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in problem behaviors, social skills, and peer relationship scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This social skills training program was found to be effective in reducing problem behaviors and improving the social skill and peer relationship of these children, and is recommended for use in community health services as an effective nursing intervention for children in vulnerable areas.
Child* ; Community Health Services ; Education* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Nursing ; Peer Group ; Research Design ; Social Behavior*

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was done to compare factors influencing smartphone addiction in middle school boys and girls. METHODS: Participants were 390 middle school students (boys 198, girls 192) who were living in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: Factors influencing smartphone addiction for boys were stress, the motivation to use smartphone as a tool of ostentation and fashion, depression, self-control, and teacher control over the use of smartphone. Factors influencing smartphone addiction for girls were stress, the motivation to use smartphone as a tool of ostentation and fashion. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to consider gender characteristics in order to develop effective management programs for smartphone addiction in middle school students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Motivation ; Seoul

PURPOSE: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence for undergraduate nursing students in South Korea. METHODS: quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used. Participants were 68 undergraduate nursing students recruited from two universities. The experimental group (n=35) received a 5-week team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence, while the control group (n=33) received traditional lectures. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires before and after the intervention, and were analyzed using χ² tests, Fisher's exact tests, and t-tests. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes in communication efficacy (t=2.58, p=.012), communication ability (t=12.01, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (t=2.11, p=.039). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that this program is an effective intervention strategy to enhance communication competence for nursing students.
Communication ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning* ; Lectures ; Mental Competency* ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of homeless persons. METHODS: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Participants were people enrolled in the Center for homeless persons in Kyunggi Province and eligible for the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine participants between October 13 and November 16, 2016. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Five themes and twenty meanings were formulated for experiences of homeless persons. The five themes were ‘Abandoning their life’, ‘Being familiar with a free homeless life’, ‘Being isolated from the world’, ‘Being impoverished’, ‘Desire to break away from the life of homelessness’. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest the need for a holistic understanding of the essential structure of the lived experiences of homeless persons. Mental health professionals need to understand the homelessness experiences from the client view and to develop programs that can help homeless persons reintegrate into the community.
Gyeonggi-do ; Homeless Persons* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Qualitative Research ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of the experience of maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive design using Q-methodology, which is a method of measuring subjectivity. Twenty-one participants classified 34 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The PC-QUANL software program(a factor analysis program for the Q technique) was used to analyze the Q-sort data. RESULTS: Three types were extracted that described different expressions of the experience of maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities; these types explained 52.3% of the total variance. Type I is ‘Workplace support’, Type II is ‘Self-management’, Type III is ‘Experience integration’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide an understanding that there are different types of experiences for maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities and each type has certain characteristics. In future studies, it would be helpful to develop customized nursing interventions for psychiatric nurses while occupational rehabilitation services are being provided.
Employment* ; Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Methods ; Nursing ; Q-Sort ; Rehabilitation ; Research Design