This article is being retracted as a part of the manuscript was a 'duplicate publication'.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a concept analysis of nursing leadership. METHODS: The concept analysis process of Walker and Avant (2011) was used. A review of the literature was conducted using several databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid-Medline, DBpia, and KISS. The databases were searched using the following terms 'nursing leadership', 'nursing' & 'leadership', and 'nurse & 'leadership', and for studies published from January 2000 to March 2015. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS: Analysis of these studies indicated nursing leadership attributes were individual growth, collaboration, nursing excellence, creative problem solving, and influence. The antecedents of nursing leadership were the individual maturity level, construction of mutual trust and confidential relationships, and a job requirement. The consequences were improvement in nursing productivity, development of a supportive work environment, and satisfaction with the nursing profession. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study provide a definite concept of nursing leadership. The findings also provide the theoretical evidence for the development of nursing leadership competencies in nursing students and professional nurses.
Cooperative Behavior ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Leadership* ; Nursing* ; Problem Solving ; Students, Nursing ; Walkers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the manuscripts rejected for publication in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration during the last three years six months (2012~2015 Jun). METHODS: Seventy eight rejected manuscripts were analyzed focusing on manuscripts characteristics, such as rejection rates, year of submission, occupation of first author and corresponding author, number of authors, funding, thesis or dissertation, article type, study participants, number of reviews prior to rejection, and 3rd reviewer. Also reviewers' quantitative evaluation scores and subjective comments were analyzed. Reviewers' subjective comments were analyzed using content analysis methodology. RESULTS: The mean rate for manuscript rejection was 28.9% and for quantitative research, qualitative research, and review papers the quantitative evaluation scores were 2.54+/-0.70, 2.39+/-0.69, and 2.39+/-0.69 out of 5 points, respectively. The most frequent subjective comment on rejected manuscripts was 'lack of rationale for research need'. CONCLUSION: In this study the characteristics and the reasons for rejecting manuscripts were identified. These findings can be used in developing effective strategies for researchers, reviewers and editors to improve the quality of research and research reviews of nursing administration research.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Financial Management ; Manuscripts as Topic ; Nursing Administration Research ; Nursing Research ; Nursing* ; Occupations ; Peer Review ; Publications ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between head nurses' servant leadership and organizational commitment among clinical nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of 249 nurses was recruited from three hospitals located in J province, South Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires, including general characteristics, servant leadership, empowerment, and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and linear regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: Head nurses' servant leadership perceived by clinical nurses significantly influenced their organization commitment. Empowerment partly mediated the effect of servant leadership on organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the importance of improving nurse managers' servant leadership and empowering nurses to increase their organizational commitment.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Head* ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Linear Models ; Negotiating* ; Power (Psychology)*

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate validity and reliability of the Korean version of the expanded nursing stress scale (ENSS). METHODS: Forward-backward translation of ENSS from English to Korean was conducted. The translated instrument was pilot-tested and administrated to 285 nurses who worked in five general hospitals in Korea. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Validity was evaluated through construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS: The Korean version of ENSS showed a reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha .95 and composite reliability .99. Model fit indexes for 46 items were validated by confirmatory factor analysis(goodness of fit index .82, Tucker-Lewis index .92, root mean square error of approximation .04), indicating suitable construct validity. Factor loading of the 48 items (.47~.88) and average variance extracted out of nine factors (.52~.71.) indicated satisfactory convergent validity. Some values of square of the correlation coefficient between factors (.12~.89) were higher than average variance extracted values of each factor (.52~.71) so that it partly satisfied discriminant validity. CONCLUSION: Findings show that the Korean version ENSS has good reliability and suitable validity; therefore, can be used to assess and identify Korean nurses' job stress.
Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Hospitals, General ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Stress, Psychological ; Translations

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural equation model and identify the effects and relationships of self-efficacy, career plateau, job embeddedness, organizational commitment and intent to turnover for nurses. Also, an attempt was made to derive a hypothetical model from these factors and to verify whether the model has validity as a means of explaining and anticipating turnover intention of nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from six randomly selected hospitals: a university hospital located in J city, Kyungnam and five general hospitals located in two cities (cities B and C), each having 400 to 720 beds. Also, 318 nurses were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. RESULTS: Job embeddedness and organizational commitment were identified as the most likely paths to turn over intention. Also, organizational commitment had the highest direct effect on turnover intention followed by job embeddedness and then self-efficacy, but career plateau had an indirectly effected turnover intention. CONCLUSION: As turnover intention was found to be greatly affected by organizational commitment and job embeddedness, methods to improve organizational commitment and job embeddedness should be actively developed to reduce turnover intention among nurses.
Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, General ; Intention*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify perceptions on fixed night shift system and turnover intention of general hospital nurses and to explore a desirable application plan for a fixed night shift system. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 300 nurses working at one general hospital in GyeongGi-Do, Korea. Data were collected from November 3 to 7, 2014, with a structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS/PC ver 20.0 programs. RESULTS: Of the participants 73.5% had thought about turnover because of night shifts and the preconditions for desirable fixed night shift system were a payment plan differentiated according to work conditions and an adequate number of nursing staff. Economic and administrative supports like 'raising extra-pay for night shift' and 'increasing the number of paid holidays' were very important for a desirable fixed night shift system. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the most important factor for a desirable fixed night shift system to decrease nurses' turnover intention is economic and administrative support according to the needs of the nurses. So nursing managers need to find a desirable fixed night shift system considering nurses' demographic characteristics and organizational characteristics.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Intention* ; Korea ; Nursing ; Nursing Staff

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the effect of a mind map for relief of emotional labor and burnout among nurses in outpatient departments in cancer hospitals. METHODS: We developed a mind map to reduce emotional labor and burnout. A quasi-experimental study was used with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from December 2012 to April 2013. Participants were 35 nurses working in the outpatient department of a cancer hospital. The experimental group participated in the mind map program biweekly for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon sign rank test with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The physical burnout and total burnout scores decreased significantly in the intervention group which took the mind map program. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the mind map is an effective intervention to reduce burnout in outpatient department nurses.
Cancer Care Facilities* ; Humans ; Outpatients*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the current status of education for nursing management in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive study was done using a questionnaire developed by the investigators. The data were collected by survey from 96 out of 129 nursing schools, between December 2010 and February 2011. RESULTS: For 22.9% of nursing schools, there was no faculty for nursing management. The credits and subjects included in nursing management varied among the nursing schools. Lectures in subjects related to nursing management were given not only by nursing management faculty but also by faculty with other majors. There were more faculty and credits for nursing management courses in 4-year nursing schools than in 3-year schools. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of education in nursing management, there is a need to standardized courses and provide nursing faculty who have majored in nursing management.
Faculty, Nursing ; Humans ; Lectures ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel ; Schools, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the experience of health care services by foreign residents in Korea. METHOD: Participants were 12 foreigners from China, North America, and Japan. Qualitative data were collected using three focus group interviews and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The participants' experience of health services was categorized as 21 sub-categories, 11 categories and three main categories. The main categories were 'Quality of health care', 'Health care personnel', and 'Health care system and infrastructure'. The main category of 'Quality of health care' included three categories, 'Health care personnel' included another four categories, and 'Health care system and infrastructure' included the remaining four categories. The participants reported positive experiences such as favorable feelings and satisfaction particularly, with the high quality of health care but also negative experiences such as apprehension, distrust, difficulties, and inconvenience in the health care service in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can be helpful in the development of strategies to improve health care services for foreigners by providing fundamental information about the foreign residents' experience of health care services in Korea from their perspectives.
China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Focus Groups ; Health Services ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; North America ; Quality of Health Care