PURPOSE: This study was done to identify sexual knowledge and perception and current status of sex education among parents of first and second grade elementary school age children. METHODS: Participants in the study were recruited from parents with a child in the lower grades and who resided in Seoul. From January 1 to February 28, 2011, data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using McNemer test, paired t-test, ANONA, and Scheffe test. RESULTS: Mean sexual knowledge scores for fathers and mothers were 27.74+/-4.94, and 28.62+/-4.70 respectively. Parent's sexual knowledge correlated with their occupation, education level, and family's monthly income. CONCLUSION: Study results showed that both parents are aware of the need for sex education. However, at home, mothers have a more active attitude towards sex education and conduct the education more often than fathers.
Child ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parents ; Sex Education ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing neonatal pain management by nurses in order to provide evidence-based data for the development of more efficient neonatal pain care programs. METHODS: This study used a descriptive research design to survey 204 registered nurses working in neonatal intensive care units and nurseries in Busan. Data collection was done from July to September 2010. General knowledge of pain and pain scale, pain intervention, neonatal pain management, and barriers to pain management were measured. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: It was found that among the factors affecting neonatal pain management by nurses, the unit where the nurse worked was the most important influential factor, followed by knowledge of pain management, education level, and barriers from medical personnel in that order. The explanatory power of these four variables accounted for 42.0% of neonatal pain management. CONCLUSION: Study results indicate that it is necessary to develop education programs to increase knowledge of neonatal pain management for nurses caring for neonates. Also, plans for reduction of obstacle factors in medical personnel should be prepared.
Data Collection ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Nurseries ; Pain Management ; Research Design ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the predictors of maternal confidence between primipara and multipara mothers. METHODS: The participants enrolled in this study were 145 mothers between 2 and 5 days postpartum. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, chi2 test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The predictors of maternal confidence among primipara mothers were social support, self-esteem, mode of delivery (R2=.287, p<.001). Whereas, gender of baby, antenatal fetal attachment, and educational status explained maternal confidence among multipara mothers (R2=.270, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that when nurses develop programs to encourage maternal confidence for new mothers, they should take into account the differences between predictors of maternal confidence according to the mothers' experience of birth.
Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Maternal-Fetal Relations ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the relationship of perception of parenting attitude, behavior problems and resilience of school age children. METHODS: Participants were 131 children enrolled in the 4th to 6th grades. Data were collected from November 29 to December 6, 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Parental Bonding Instrument, Korean version of Youth Self-Report, and Resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in resilience according to gender, relationship with peers, academic achievement and school satisfaction. Resilience showed a positive correlation with parental bonding attitude and negative correlation with problem behavior in the children. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that interventions focusing on parenting attitude to enhance resilience should be developed to help school age children.
Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents ; Resilience, Psychological ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the postural habits, body image, and peer attachment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy adolescents, and to examine the correlation between body image and peer attachment in each group. METHODS: Eighty-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 83 healthy adolescents were recruited from 4 middle schools located in W city. Data were collected from November 22 to December 6 2010 using a structured questionnaire including items about postural habits, body image, and peer attachment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, independent t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to healthy adolescents, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were more likely to use one hand, to lean back while seated, and to put weight on one leg while standing. The score for body image was significantly lower for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to healthy adolescents, but peer attachment was not significantly different between the two groups. Body image was significantly correlated with peer attachment only for the adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSION: Interventions to promote balanced postural habits in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are needed. Information on body image and peer attachment for these adolescents should also be considered when developing interventions.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg ; Posture ; Scoliosis ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine body satisfaction of children, self-rated health of children and parent-child attachment as perceived by children and their mothers in relation to children's health behavior and to identify factors affecting health behavior of children. Ultimately the purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop health promotion programs for children. METHODS: Participants were 140 couples, 4th grade elementary school students and their mothers residing in Busan. Data collection was done during June 1 and July 31, 2010. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: Children and mothers rated body satisfaction of the child differently. Children's responses for body satisfaction of child and parent-child attachment were associated with health behavior of children. Self-rated health perceived by children was also a factor affecting health behavior, as were body satisfaction perceived by children and mothers' perception of body satisfaction of child in that order. These variables explained 18.2% of the total variances in health behavior of children. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that body satisfaction and self-rated health of children are important variables to target within intervention research and treatment programs for health promotion behavior of children at home and school.
Body Image ; Child ; Data Collection ; Family Characteristics ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parent-Child Relations ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in sexual knowledge, attitudes and perspectives of sexual values for female students as these factors related to sexual characteristics. METHODS: The participants were 835 girls in junior or high school from Seoul and Kyunggi province in Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, F-test and Scheffe with the SPSS 14.0 WIN program. RESULTS: The major results were as follows: First, for sexual knowledge, there were significant differences for girls from homes with conservative atmosphere and for those who had experiences related to porno. Second, related to sexual attitudes, students who had experience related to porno, were significantly more positive, and had a more open attitudes than students with no experience. Third, for perspectives of sexual value, students who perceived a conservative home atmosphere, who had boy friend, and who had experiences related to porno, had a more positive sexuality, and attitudes towards sexual equality. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop special sex education programs for both school and parents so that teachers and parents can guide these students appropriately.
Atmosphere ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea ; Parents ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for suitable neonate blood glucose maintenance by investigating and analyzing the blood glucose level of post cardiovascular surgery neonates in the ICU for the effect of blood glucose levels on the following outcomes; ICU stay, hospital stay, mechanical ventilation time, morbidity, and mortality. METHODS: The participants were 143 neonates in the ICU after having had cardiovascular surgery. The design for this study was an investigation of the blood glucose levels of the neonates and retrospective analysis of patient outcomes according to blood glucose level. RESULTS: The results for the neonate groups showed that the factors of hospital stay, ICU stay, mechanical ventilation time and mortality, for the group with a blood glucose level over 140 mg/dL were longer and higher than for the group with blood glucose of less than 100 mg/dL or the group between 100-139 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that when caring for neonates after cardiovascular surgery, it is important to recognize the influence of blood glucose levels on patient outcomes like hospital days, ICU stay, length of time on mechanical ventilation and mortality. Further, care guidelines for neonates' glucose level management need to be developed.
Blood Glucose ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Length of Stay ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore recognition of mother-child interaction by preschoolers' mothers. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with mothers of 12 preschoolers. The data were analyzed following Downe-Wamboldt's content analysis methodology. RESULTS: From the data, 170 significant statements were selected and were classified into 7 categories and three domains (maternal, child, dyadic). First, the maternal domain consisted of maternal sensitivity, acceptable responsiveness, and child developmental encouragement. Second, the child domain consisted of child's sensitivity, responsiveness, and initiative. Third, the dyadic domain consisted of mutuality. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that preschoolers' mothers recognize the significant qualitative aspects of interaction with their children. Based on these results, instruments for preschooler-mother interaction need to be developed.
Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Mothers ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of allergic disease among elementary school students in rural and urban areas. METHODS: In this study, 1,513 elementary students (1,163 in urban areas, 350 in rural areas) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage of allergic symptoms and chi2 test was used to identify differences in the prevalence of allergic symptoms between urban and rural area students. The SAS program was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the prevalence of allergic disease according to whether there was a family member with a prior history of allergy symptoms. 48.7% of surveyed students (49.4% in urban, 46.3% in rural) had allergic symptoms. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequent allergic symptom in both urban and rural students. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a need to prevent and manage allergies among elementary students. The family history should be considered an important factor when a program for allergy prevention and management is developed. Interventions are needed in both areas, especially for students with allergic rhinitis.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Phenothiazines ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Child Health