Targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy has achieved great success in palliative treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.Recent studies gave more emphasis on new fields,such as maintenance treatment,adjuvant treatment and the prognostic & predictive biomarker.These advances have been gradually changing the treatment strategies for colorectal cancer.The latest advances on the targeted therapy for colorectal cancer from the 2010 Annual Meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology are reviewed below.

The expression of genes have an important effect to gastric cancer chemotherapy.Some genes are related the therapeutic efficacy of drugs,some genes are related the untoward effects of drug,and some genes are related the sensitivity of the tumor to drug.Chemotherapy related genes may play an important guiding role to improve the curative effect of chemotherapy patients.In recent years,the gastric cancer chemotherapy related genes have made great progress,especially in platinum,fluorouracil,paclitaxel and targeted medicine related genes.

Cancer cachexia(CC)caused by cancer is a syndrome with complicated symptoms.Traditional therapies usually give interventions for more nutrition intake at CC late stage and take weight as the outcome marker.Lots of clinical trials demonstrate that the effect is not satisfactory.Recent studies show that the level of NF-KB decreased,termination of the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins,the serum proteins and lean body mass increased and function improvement after targeting proteasome at early stage of CC combined with traditional therapy.

Resveratrol is a natural phytoalexins.In vivo aud vitro experiments show that resveratrol could inhibit tumor metastasis by multiple approaches,such as influencing the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors,inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and interferencing signaling pathways,et al.

SHP-1 is the protein tyrosine phosphatase which is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hematopoietic-derived cells,and it is the key factor to change the levels of intracellular phosphorylation.SHP-1 can generate different intracellular signals in different cells,and it can play various functions.

SiRNA comes from double-stranded RNA,which is processed into a small molecular fragment by Dicer.21-25nt siRNA,as the key effector molecules to the RNAi process,can inhibit gene expression with high specificity and high efficiency in mammalian cells.Currently,RNAi has been widely applied in a variety of cancer.RNAi has many active research explorations of the tumor development,metastasis and treatment in gastrointestinal cancer.

This paper summarizes the new progress of the research of the targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agents and ultrasound molecular imaging in tumor angiogenesis.There are two constructing methods of targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agents.Targeted new blood vessels microbubble unltrasound contrast agents are mainly divided into the connection of alpha(V)beta3 antibody,αVβ3 integration antibody and connecting VEGFR2.The quantitative analysis of targeted microbubble adhering to tumor target and the evaluation of the correlation between targeted microbubble adhering to tumor neovascular endothelial cell and tumor local pathological microvessel density suggest that ultrasound molecular imaging can be noninvasive,quick,repeated,dynamic and quantitative evaluate tumor angiogenesis and indirectly reflect the malignant tumor tissue proliferation activity and its biological characteristics.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small(22 nucleotides)non-coding RNAs which play important roles in diverse biological and pathological processes.The dysregulation of miRNA expression is closely related to the development and progression of malignant tumors in humans.DNA methylation is a kind of epigenetic modification in human genome.Both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA are closely related to different kinds of tumors,including gastric cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has its own exclusive pathological and molecular biological characteristic.At present,the treatment guidelines for triple negative breast cancer is not perfect,and the chemotherapy is the main method.A deeper insight into the targeted therapy of TNBC can improve the curative effect.

Epidermal growth factor receptor Ⅲ variant (EGFRv Ⅲ ) is high expressed in gliomas,which can be used as a target to treat cancer.The therapy methods of glioblastoma targeted for EGFRv Ⅲ include RNA interference,immunotherapy,etc.