With the progress and development of the DNA test and imaging technique, and the evolu-tion of evidence rule which bring the discussions about whether the individual identification using imag-ing data is outdated, and other disputes such as whether radiologic evidence could be suitable for con-temporary evidence and be used to solve the posture difference of imaging test. This article summaries the domestic and foreign researches of individual identification using imaging data in the past 20 years and reviews the problems above.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of nasal bone fracture caused by blunt instrument, including the fracture types, the fracture repair, and the difference of manifestations between X-ray and CT. To provide reference for the identification.MethodsThe information of basic situation, fracture site, injury manner, diagnosis method, expert opinion of 95 adult nasal fracture cases caused by blunt object, which occurred in Gutian county of Fujian province from January 1999 to December 2013, were ana-lyzed by descriptive statistics. The identification conclusions of different injuries were compared accord-ing to new and old standards as well.ResultsThere were total 95 adults including 87 male and 8 fe-male. The fracture site and quantity have significant correlation with the nasal bone anatomical relations and the direction and size of the force. Compound fracture was most common. The fracture that could not be determined by X-ray could be clearly diagnosed by CT examination. According to new and old standards, different fracture types have different identification conclusions.ConclusionThere are gender differences in nasal bone fracture cases. Larger external force is easy to cause compound fracture. CT examination is significantly better than X-ray examination.

ObjectiveTo check the isolated heart by coronary angiography to discover the location, na-ture and degree of the coronary artery lesions more accurately and increase the comprehensive evaluation ability of cardiovascular disease.MethodsTen fresh isolated hearts with different causes of death were extracted and injected with barium sulphate as contrast substance by ring injector, then developed under Xper FD20 angiography equipment. The obtained pictures and image data were handled by three-dimen-sional angiography images with the software attached to the angiography equipment. The coronary artery tissues were HE stained and observed by microscope. The HE staining results were compared with the angiographic results.ResultsThe imaging data obtained from the 10 cases for examination showed 8 cases without coronary artery stenosis and 2 cases with Ⅲ, Ⅳcoronary artery stenosis, which were consistent with HE staining results of coronary artery organization and the both results were confirmed. ConclusionIsolated coronary angiography has an unique advantage for accurate grading of classification of coronary artery stenosis, examination of vascular malformation and tiny lesions, which can provide reference for the localization of small lesions and basis during the autopsy for identification conclusion.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of trauma in 246 fatal falls. Methods We collect 246 cases of fatal falls from Pudong district of Shanghai from 2005 to 2014, and then analyze the characteristics of trauma by using different parameters. Results The height in suicides by fall is higher than accidents by fall (25.7m:13.98m). In all fatal falls, head has a higher possibility in suffering trauma than other body regions (75.2%), while neck has a lower possibility (6.5%). The possibility of head trauma in accidents by fall is higher than suicides by fall (89.4%:75.2%). Conclusion Comparing with suicides by fall, victims in accidents by fall have lack of protection from limbs. Besides, the low rate of ifnding neck trauma suggests legal physicians should be more careful in examining this area.

MicroRNA has speciifc biological and expression properties in transcription level, which has more potential than genomic DNA in the identification for forensic body fluid, species and degraded crime biological materials. Here we introduce the speciifc research of forensic body lfuid identiifcation, research strategies and applied perspectives with forensic miRNA, expecting to provide the application and study of miRNA analysis for reference.

Objective To construct a rapid genetic DNA extraction method, with nano magnetic beads, self-designed reagents system and extracting process. Method Part I: DNA extraction from old blood cotton swab sample with self-designed DNA extraction kit, then quantiifed by UV spectrophotometer. The method was further optimized on the preliminary results. Part II: All kinds of difficult DNA sample were tested with optimized kit, to detect the applicability of the kit. Result By improving the experimental condition, the extraction effects of different DNA sample is good, meanwhile, the extraction cost is relatively low.

In recent years, the cases of prenatal paternity testing gradually increased in forensic practice. The traditional prenatal paternity analysis can be performed only after invasive sampling of chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, which can result in a risk of miscarriage. The existence of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma has brought new opportunities for the noninvasive prenatal paternity testing. In this paper, the research situation and application prospect of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma in prenatal paternity testing are reviewed.

Objective To establish a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae and evaluate its application effects. Methods High-resolution digital images of the palatal rugae were harvested under the standard condition and processed including data collection, noise reduction, contrast enhancement, image segmentation, feature extraction, edge detection, and information matching. Apply an MATLAB software system to develop a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae ,and its application effects were evaluated. Results A digital system for forensic identification of the palatal rugae was successfully established. The digital system had an accuracy rate of 100%. Conclusion Establishing a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae provides a novel method for forensic identiifcation.

Objective To investigate the alteration of energy metabolism and oxidative injury in the myocardia suffering from lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia (LVTA). Methods Two LVTA-SCD SD rat models, induced by aconitine injection or coronary artery ligation (CAL), respectively, were developed. Rats that died from over-anaesthesia or CAL-induced heart failure were served as their controls, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), phosphocreatine (PCr) in the ventricular myocardia, and serum troponin I (cTnI) were detected, and compared between LVTA rats and their controls. Results Fourteen ACO-LVTA and six CAL-LVTA rats were successfully developed. As compared to their controls, ACO-LVTA and CAL-LVTA rats had higher ROS and MDA content, and lower concentration of PCr in the ventricular myocardia. MDA content in ACO-LVTA group is signiifcantly higher than that of its control (P<0.05). MMP in myocardia of ACO-LVTA is lower than that of its control, but is higher than those of two CAL groups. Serum cTnI in rats of both LVTA models is higher than those of their controls and pre-treated control. Specially, serum cTnI in CAL-LVTA was signiifcantly higher than that of ACO-LVTA and its control (P<0.01). The myocardial ROS content is correlated with the duration of VT and VF (P<0.05), with correlation coefifcients being 0.44 and 0.46, respectively. Conclusions After LVTA, the ventricular myocardia had lower MMP and PCr content, higher concentration of ROS, MDA, as well as higher serum cTnI than their controls, indicative of oxidative injury and alteration of energy metabolism under LVTA-SCD.

Objective To detect the molecular characteristics of the serum samples of rats suffered from sudden unexpected death of acute myocardial ischemia (experimental group) and death caused by air embolism (control group) applied by ATR-FTIR, and to discuss the forensic signiifcance of identiifcation of causes of death by sudden unexpected death of acute myocardial ischemia by two-dimension infrared spectroscopy. Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into SCD group and DCAE group. The serum samples were analyzed by ATR-FTIR. The similarity coefifcient of spectra between two groups was analyzed by OMNIC software. The spectra with higher signal-noise ratio were obtained and used to build two-dimension spectra model by Matlab 2010a software. Results The peak shapes, positions and intensities of the spectra were extremely similar between two groups, and the similarity coefifcient reached 99.78%. Meanwhile, the similarity coefifcient of second derivative spectra decreased to 98.62% between two groups. Moreover, on the two-dimension spectra model, the component differences were present at about 1 625cm-1, 1 550cm-1, 1 080cm-1 and 860cm-1, and the number of auto-peaks was different, which suggested that the evident differences were related to the molecular contents of protein, glycogen, nuclear acid, and so on. Conclusion It is hard to differentiate the molecular differences of serum samples of rats between SCD and DACE based on one-dimension spectra. However, two-dimension infrared spectra could intuitively and effectively relfect the molecular differences, and it would apply to determining the cause of death in forensic science.