This study was aimed to investigate the changes of silencer of death domains (SODD), survivin, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 in the apoptotic process of human leukemia cells induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in order to explore the molecular mechanism of apoptotic modulatory genes and to search for the new target of chemotherapeutic drugs. After Jurkat cells were induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, the translocated phosphatidylserine was labeled with annexin V/PI, and the apoptosis incidence was measured by FCM; The expression changes of SODD, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 were determined by Western blot; the changes of survivin mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry SABC method respectively. The results indicated that high expressions of SODD and survivin could inhibit apoptotic signaling pathway; VCR down-regulated the function of SODD protein and effectively induced the apoptosis of Jurkat cells in a time-dependent manner and activates caspase 3 through the death receptor-mediated activation of caspase 8, in which caspase 9 and survivin were not degraded. It is concluded that SODD participates in the apoptotic process induced by VCR which induces the Jurkat cell apoptosis by downregulating expression of SODD protein and priming death receptor pathway. In the apoptotic process, the mitochondrion apoptotic pathway is not trigged.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Jurkat Cells ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

CCL23 is a human CC chemokine with potential suppression effects on both human and murine myeloid progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo, and only expressed and released by dendritic cells differentiated from monocytes in blood cells. However, recent study has shown that CCL23 was over-expressed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In order to investigate the effects of CCL23 on the development, therapy and prognosis of leukemia, the U937 cells, a leukemic cell strain, were adopted and cultured with rhCCL23 for 72 hours. The cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and FITC-AnnexinV/PI respectively; the morphologic changes and the expression of CCR1 (the only receptor of CCL23 known by now) were observed during the differentiation process. The results showed that no obvious effect on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of U937 was found by using CCL23 alone (P > 0.05), but cultured in combination with CCL23 and PMA, the differentiation of U937 cells were promoted remarkably, during which the CCR1 expression increased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that CCL23 alone did not inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of U937, while its use in combination with PMA may possess synergistic effect on inducting differentiation of U937 through the increase of receptor CCR1 expression.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Chemokines, CC ; pharmacology ; Humans ; U937 Cells

To study the molecular mechanism of the effect of fibroblastoid stromal cells (HFCL) from human bone marrow on the proliferation and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM); the cell differentiation was determined by morphology NBT test and flow cytometric detection for expression of CD11b, CD14, CD13 and CD33; the genes differently expressed between HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells directly cocultured with HFCL were detected by using Affymetric oligo microarray technique. The changes of expression in some key genes were confirmed by using RT-PCR and Northern blot. The results showed that the percentage of G(1) phase cells in AML cells cocultured with HFCL cells was higher than that without HFCL cells, and the percentage of S phase cells was lower. The NBT positive cells and the expression of CD11b and CD14 increased. It was found that after direct contact of HL-60 cells with HFCL cells for 96 hours, the expression levels of 582 genes were up-regulated, 1 323 genes down-regulated. It is concluded that many genes may take part in the influence of HFCL cells on HL-60 cells, which may give important insights into the important molecules and pathways or cross-talk involved in the interaction between the AML cells and stromal cells.
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; physiology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology

The aim of study was to investigate the mechanism of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyl)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) inducing apoptosis in SHI-1 human leukemia cell line. Different concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and different times of culture were used to treat SHI-1 cells; the apoptosis of SHI-1 cells was analyzed by morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content detection, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst33258 labeling method, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi m) were measured by dihydrorhodamin 123, and expressions of bcl-2, bax, Fas, p53 and mitochondrial membrane protein were analyzed by flow cytometry, while the bcl-2, bax and p53 gene were analyzed by RT-PCR. The transcriptional level of hTERT-mRNA was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that after exposure to ZGDHu-1, SHI-1 cells were induced to apoptosis in a time-and does-dependent manner. SHI-1 cell apoptosis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, sub-G(1) phase, Hoechst33258 and Annexin-V/PI labeling etc. The expression of bax, bax/bcl-2, p53 and Fas gene significantly increased and bcl-2 slightly decreased. ZGDHu-1 could increased the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein in a dose-dependent manner while Delta Psi m reduced. The expression of hTERT-mRNA significantly decreased. It is concluded that ZGDHu-1 can up-regulate the expression of p53, bax and bax/bcl-2. The mitochondrial pathway mediated by descent of mitochondrial transmembrane potential may be one of the mechanisms inducing apoptosis by ZGDHu-1, in which Fas gene also participates. Telomerase may be an effective gene target for anti-tumour effect of ZGDHu-1.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in leukemia. The IDO expressions in human acute monocyte leukemia (M(5)) and acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Constructed leukemia mouse model was used to observe whether the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), has any effect in treating leukemia. The experimental group were fed with 1-MT solution every day while the mice in control group had no further treatment. The results showed that the average ratios of IDO expression were 29.4 +/- 11.2% in M(5) patients and 24.7 +/- 7.96% in ALL patients respectively. After statistical test, IDO expression level in leukemia cells was significantly higher than that of normal mononuclear cells. The tumor decreased gradually in mice treated with 1-MT. At the terminal point of the experiment (88 days after vaccination), the average survival time in the experimental group was 42.3 days while the mice in control group only lived 15.1 days in average, which difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Some of the leukemia mice in the experimental group long-term survived without tumor (more than three months after vaccination). It is concluded that human acute monocyte leukemia (M(5)) and acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL) express IDO, and both can be treated by 1-MT in mice.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Leukemia L1210 ; drug therapy ; Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Middle Aged ; Tryptophan ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

In order to investigate the effects of Na(2)SeO(3) on expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells, K562 and K562/ADR cells were treated with Na(2)SeO(3) at dose of 5 and 10 micromol/L. The expressions of VEGF in K562 and K562/ADR cells were detected by ELISA before and at the different time point after treatment. The mutiplie of reversion of resistance was detected by MTT method. The results showed that Na(2)SeO(3) at dose of 10 micromol/L could increase the sensitivity of K562/ADR cell to adriamycin, the multiple of reversion was 3.48. The expression levels of VEGF in K562 and K562/ADR cells increased with prolongation of time cultured, and the VEGF expression levels in K562/ADR cells at the different time points were higher than that in K562 cells (P < 0.05); 5 and 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) did not suppress expression of VEGF in K562 cells at 72 hours (P > 0.05), and the VEGF level in K562 cells at 96 hours decreased without statistical significance; 5 and 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) acting for 48 hours did not show suppressive effect on expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells (P > 0.05), 5 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) could decrease the expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cell after treatment for 96 hours, while 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) could significantly decrease the expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells treated for 72 hours and 96 hours (P < 0.01). It is concluded that VEGF would be involved in the multidrug resistance of leukemia. Na(2)SeO(3) decreasing expression of VEGF in leukemic cells may be one of the mechanisms reversing multidrug resistance.
Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

To explore the relationship between the expression of CD133 and pathogenesis of leukemia and MDS, immunocytochemistry method was used to examine the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with leukemia and MDS. The results showed that the positive rate of CD133 in 41 acute leukemia patients was 51.2%. The expression of CD133 in AML patients (16/29, 55.2%) was significantly higher than that in control group (2/15, 13.3%). There was no significant difference in CD133 expression between CML and control group. The positive rate of CD133 in 9 patients with MDS was 55.56% (5/9). There was no significant difference between MDS and normal control. The expression of CD133 in all leukemia cells with CD34(+) was higher than that in leukemia cells with CD34(-), and there was significant difference in expression of CD133 between them (P < 0.05). The expression of CD133 had no relationship with the clinical prognostic factors such as sex, age, the percentage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, WBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and LDH level. It is concluded that the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with AML is higher than that in control group. The expression of CD133 is significantly correlated with the expression of CD34. The high expression of CD133 may be an adverse prognostic factor in acute leukemia.
AC133 Antigen ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics and the therapeutic effect in patients with acute erythroleukemia (AML-M(6)). Morphology, immunophenotype and cytogenetics were retrospectively analyzed in 29 patients with AML-M(6) and were compared with 30 AML-M(2) patients. The results showed that there were immature cells (2% - 10%) and erythroblast, and puncture of bone marrow revealed myelodysplastic features involving multiple hemopoietic lineages in bone marrow of 19 patients. Flow cytometry indicated that the expression frequency of Gly-A in M(6) significantly increased (66.67 +/- 23.86)% and higher than that in M(1), M(2), M(3), M(4) and M(5) (P < 0.01). The expression frequencies of HLA-DR (60.00 +/- 24.79%), CD34 (40.00 +/- 24.79%), CD38 (33.33 +/- 23.86%) in M(6) were high, and the frequencies of myeloid immunophenotypes CD13 (66.67 +/- 23.86%), MPO (33.33 +/- 23.86%), CD33 (46.67 +/- 25.25%), CD15 (33.33 +/- 23.86%), CD117 (46.67 +/- 25.25%) were common as well in M(6). Lymphocytic immunophenotypes CD3, CD4, CD19 were detected in part of patients with M(6), and the expression frequencies of CD4 was 26.67%. The expression frequences of CD38, CD33, CD15, MPO in M(6) were less common than that in M(2) (P < 0.01). In 4 out of 9 M(6) patients the chromosomal abnormatility (44.44%) was seen, in one of which complex chromosome abnormality was found. The complete remmision rate of M(6) patients was 29.41%, and lower than that of M(2) patients (68.18%, P < 0.01). It is concluded that Gly-A is a specific immunophenotype in M(6), which can help to distinguish M(6) from other types of acute myeloid leukemia. Poor clinical therapeutic response may correlated with its biological characteristics.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; metabolism ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to estimate a novel apoptosis-promoting molecule PDCD5 expression in the bone marrow cells from adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for investigation of its significance in the pathogenesis of AML. Flow cytometry assay was used for detection of PDCD5 expression in the different groups of cells from bone marrow of AML patients and normal controls by using 21 monoclonal antibodies with different fluorescent markers. The PDCD5 expressions in bone marrow cells from some AML patients and normal controls were also detected by Western blot. The results showed that the mean PDCD5 fluorescence intensity in bone marrow nucleated cells (MNC) from the bone marrow of 36 untreated AML patients was significantly lower than that from the bone marrow of 30 normal controls (3059 +/- 1392) vs (7432 +/- 1261) (P < 0.01). The mean PDCD5 fluorescence intensity was lower in the marrow granulocytes, monocytes, blast cells, and lymphocytes from untreated AML patients than that from normal (3939 +/- 2121) vs (8367 +/- 1045); (3156 +/- 1635) vs (5917 +/- 2329); (2824 +/- 1592) vs (3998 +/- 2106); (1474 +/- 816) vs (3355 +/- 2042) respectively, (all P < 0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that PDCD5 expression was significantly decreased in the AML cells, as compared with normal cells. It is concluded that PDCD5 expression in MNC in untreated AML patients is lower than that in the normal. PDCD5 expression in the marrow granulocytes, monocytes, blast cells, and lymphocytes of untreated AML patients is significantly lower than that in the normal. It suggests that the abnormally low expression of PDCD5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AML.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of chemokine-like factor superfamily 8 (CKLFSF8) on proliferation and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of HL-60 cells. Expression of CKLFSF8 mRNA on HL-60 cell line was assayed by RT-PCR; the target gene was transfected into the cells by lipid vector, cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, while expression of EGFR in HL-60 was determined by immunocytochemical technique. The results indicated that expression of CKLFSF8 existed in HL-60 cells. After transfection, cell proliferation was inhibited (P < 0.05) and the expression of EGFR in HL-60 cells was also discovered to be inhibited (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the proliferation and expression of EGFR in HL-60 cells can be inhibited by transfection of CKLFSF8. The novel chemokine may provide a new approach in the treatment of leukemia.
Cell Proliferation ; Chemokines ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Transfection