PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare clinical antiplaque and antigingivitis effect between Light Emitting Diode (LED) electronic toothbrush and electronic toothbrush without LED for gingivitis and mild periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients included in this study. 15 patients in experimental group used LED electronic tooth brush which has red and white LED within its head, and other 15 patients in control group used same product which specially modified that function without LED. Clinical parameters (Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI)) were measured at the baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compare of GI change between experimental and control group with time, both groups showed that reduced GI, but lower GI values detected at 2 weeks and 4 weeks later in experimental group than control group. And lower PI values detected at 4 weeks later in experimental group than control group, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Based on these results and within the limits of this study, the electronic toothbrush with LED could reducing gingivitis in a short period and infer that decreasing plaque accumulation in a long period.
Gingivitis* ; Head ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Phototherapy ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a titanium component for the zirconia abutment in the internal connection implant system on screw loosening under thermocycling conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Internal connection titanium abutments and external connection zirconia abutments with titanium sockets were connected respectively to screw-shaped internal connection type titanium implants with 30 Ncm tightening. These implant-screw-abutment assemblies were divided into two groups of five specimens each; titanium abutments as control and zirconia abutments with titanium sockets as experimental group. The specimens were subjected to 2,000 thermocycles in water baths at 5℃ and 55℃, with 60 seconds of immersion at each temperature. The removal torque values (RTVs) of the abutment screws of the specimen were measured before and after thermocycling. RTVs pre- and post-thermocycling were investigated in statistics. RESULTS: There was not screw loosening identified by tactile and visual inspection in any of the specimens during or after thermocycling. The mean RTV difference for the control group and the experimental group were -1.34 ± 2.53 Ncm and -1.26 ± 2.06 Ncm, respectively. Statistical analysis using an independent t-test revealed that no significant differences were found in the mean RTV difference of the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the titanium socket for the zirconia abutment did not show a significant effect on screw loosening under thermal stress compared to the titanium abutment in the internal connection implant.
Baths ; Immersion ; In Vitro Techniques ; Titanium* ; Torque ; Water

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue dissolving capacity, antimicrobial effect of Hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP) interacting with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as conventional endodontic irrigants and to determine tissue dissolving efficacy depended on temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 bovine muscles were randomly distributed into 8 groups (n = 10). After their initial weights determined on a precision scale, the specimens in each group were immersed in the solutions for 5, 10 and 15 min and reweighted at each time period. Agar diffusion test inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis was performed for antimicrobial effect of each endodontic irrigants. RESULTS: The ability to dissolve organic matter was greater in NaOCl group following NaOCl and HEBP mixture. Heated NaOCl (40℃) and NaOCl/HEBP mixture was greater tissue dissolving efficacy than room temperature (25℃). Antimicrobial effect was greater and significant in the following order EDTA > EDTA + 1% NaOCl > 1% NaOCl ≥ 1% NaOCl + HEBP. CONCLUSION: HEBP as soft chelating agent does not disturb antimicrobial effect and less affected tissue dissolving efficacy as inherent properties of NaOCl. In the heated NaOCl/HEBP mixture analyzed, it dissolved more the organic matter than room temperature.
Agar ; Diffusion ; Edetic Acid ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Hot Temperature ; Muscles ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was comparing the efficacy of passive irrigation (PI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) for ability to remove debriment of canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibular premolars were decoronated and standardized to 16 mm length. After root canal enlargement and half separating longitudinally, standardized groove of 4 mm length, 0.2 mm width and 0.5 mm depth were formed on the dentin wall of one half. Three depressions in the canal wall of the opposite half, 0.3 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth, were formed. After each groove and depression was filled with dentin debris, two sections of each half were reassembled using impression putty material. In group 1 the canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl by PI. In group 2 the canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl by PUI. Before and after root canal irrigation, the root canal wall of the section was taken with a microscope and a digital camera as images. The amount of dentin debris remaining in grooves and depressions was assessed using a scoring system. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between PI and PUI except for the middle 1/3 of the root canal (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: At the middle 1/3 of the root canal, PUI removed more dentine debris than PI. But the removal efficiency of dentin debris is not significantly different between the PUI and PI at the apical area of root canal in mandibular premolars.
Bicuspid ; Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Dentin ; Depression ; Ultrasonics*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between the time spent designing custom abutments and repeated learning using dental implant computer aided design (CAD) software. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of customized abutments was performed four stages using the 3DS CAD software and the EXO CAD software, and measured repeatedly three times by each stage. Learning effect by repetition was presented with the learning curve, and the significance of the reduction in the total time and the time at each stage spent on designing was evaluated using the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The difference in the design time between groups was analyzed using the repeated measure two-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics software (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Repeated learning of the customized abutment design displayed a significant difference according to the number of repetition and the stage (P < 0.001). The difference in the time spent designing was found to be significant (P < 0.001), and that between the CAD software programs was also significant (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Repeated learning of CAD software shortened the time spent designing. While less design time on average was spent with the 3DS CAD than with the EXO CAD, the EXO CAD showed better results in terms of learning rate according to learning effect.
Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Implants ; Learning Curve ; Learning*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the physical properties of a novel resin-based endodontic sealer, Any-Seal, in comparison with AH Plus Jet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow, radiopacity and compressive strength were examined according to ISO 6876/2001. For flow test, 0.05 mL of sealer was placed between glass plate and 100 g weight were applied. Ten minutes after mixing the sealers, the load was removed and the diameters of the compressed sealer discs were measured. For radiopacity, 10 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness sample were fabricated and took radiograph with an aluminum step-wedge and analyzed using imaging program. For compressive strength test, 4 mm × 6 mm cylindrical specimen was fabricated and tested after 24 hours and 1 week using Universal testing machine. RESULTS: Both tested sealers were consistent with ISO 6876/2001 in the flow and radiopacity test. The flow values of both sealers were not significantly different (P > 0.05). AH Plus Jet had significantly higher radiopacity (P < 0.05). AH Plus Jet showed higher compressive strength at both time intervals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Any-Seal showed low compressive strength until after 1 week, so its physical and biological aspect should be evaluated more before clinical use.
Aluminum ; Compressive Strength ; Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Glass

PURPOSE: Ni-Cr alloy does not contain Beryllium, causing the metal compound to form oxides in the furnace but by using Titanium as a chemical catalyst the forming of the oxides can be controlled, and by controlling the impurities formed on the metal surface, the possibility of the Ni-Cr alloy bond strength being increased can be analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium was used as a chemical catalyst in the porcelain for the oxidation of beryllium-free metal (Ni-Cr) alloy. The T1 group, which does not use Titanium power as a chemical catalyst is a reference model for comparison. The T2 group and T3 group used 10 g and 20 g of Titanium power, respectively. They are fabricated to observe the shear bond strength and surface properties. There was no significance when One-way ANOVA analysis/Tukey Honestly Significant Difference Test was conducted for statistical analysis among groups (P > 0.05). RESULTS: Results of measuring the three-point flexural bond strength of the Ni-Cr alloy and thickness of the oxide film. Experiment T3 using 20 g Titanium chemical catalyst: 39.22 ± 3.41 MPa and 6.66 µm, having the highest bond strength and thinness of oxide film. Experiment T2 using 10 g Titanium chemical catalyst: 34.65 ± 1.39 MPa and 13.22 µm. Experiment T1 using no Titanium chemical catalyst: 32.37 ± 1.91 MPa and 22.22 µm. CONCLUSION: The T2 and T3 experiments using Titanium chemical catalyst showed higher bond strength for the Ni-Cr alloy and lower thickness of oxide film than experiment T1, and the titanium catalyst being able to increase bond strength was observed.
Alloys ; Beryllium ; Dental Porcelain ; Hot Temperature* ; Oxides ; Surface Properties ; Thinness ; Titanium*

Clinically, the fit of fixed prosthesis is an essential element for successful restoration. The fit of prosthesis is largely classified into marginal fit and internal fit, and various methods to assess these have been introduced including microscopic margin measurement, cross-sectional measurement, silicone replica technique, 3-dimensional scanning data superposition, weight technique and micro CT scanning. Thus, this study is aimed at proposing a more convenient and accurate measurement method of fits in a digital environment by comparatively analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each known method based on existing literature.
Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis* ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Methods* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Replica Techniques ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Anterior diastemas are common esthetic problems. One of the challenges in clinical esthetic dentistry is closing anterior diastemas without creating “black triangles” between the teeth. The success of a restorative treatment in anterior teeth depends on the esthetic integration between soft tissues and hard tissues. This report describes the successfully accomplished diastema closure case by producing the emergence profile with natural contours at the gingival-tooth interface and then generating of gingival recontouring process.
Dentistry ; Diastema* ; Tooth

Tooth wear, one of the physiological changes in the elderly patient's mouth, generally does not require treatment, but requires prosthodontic restoration when occlusal disharmony, poor masticatory function, pulp exposure occurs. One of the primary considerations in prosthodontic restoration for tooth wear is vertical dimension. It is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and analysis, correct judgement of the interdental relationship for predictive treatment plan. A step-by-step approach considering dental care for aged is also required. In this case, a 93-year-old male patient presented with worn dentition and mobility of existing fixed dental prosthesis. After diagnosis and evaluation, maxillary rehabilitation without any change in the occlusal vertical dimension was performed and this shows satisfactory results both functionally and morphologically.
Aged* ; Dental Care for Aged ; Dental Prosthesis* ; Dentition* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Rehabilitation ; Tooth Wear ; Vertical Dimension