Objective To conduct a visual analysis of the literature related to Mendelian randomization (MR) studies in the field of cancer based on CiteSpace software. Methods English literature on MR studies in the field of cancer was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection database, and Chinese literature was searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases. The search period ranged from the inception of the databases to April 18, 2024. CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software was used to perform a visual analysis of the publication trends, authors, institutions, and keywords of the included literature through knowledge mapping. Results A total of 964 English articles and 121 Chinese articles were included in this study. The annual publication of English and Chinese literature on MR studies in the field of cancer showed an overall upward trend, but there was limited collaboration among authors and institutions. The analysis of keywords in both English and Chinese literature revealed that breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer were the key cancer types, with sex hormones and low back pain as the main associated factors. Research hotspots lasting for more than five years included genetic polymorphism, colorectal cancer, and genome-wide association studies. The recent research hotspots focused on insulin, renal cell carcinoma, and endometrial cancer. Conclusion MR studies have been extensively conducted in the field of cancer and have become a research hotspot. However, collaboration among authors and institutions still need to be strengthened. The inherent limitations of the research methodology itself can lead to issues such as insufficiency of MR study evidence and conflicting results among different studies. Future MR studies should integrate other disciplines and epidemiological research methods to provide more comprehensive causal evidence.

Objective To screen mitochondria-related genes in Crohn's disease (CD) based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model and evaluate its performance. Methods The CD-related datasets GSE186582 and GSE102133 were downloaded from the GEO database for differential expression genes (DEGs) screening. The intersection of DEGs and mitochondrial genes from the MitoCarta 3.0 database was obtained. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest algorithms were used to identify CD-specific genes and construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model. The model was further validated by the validation set GSE95095, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. The immune cell infiltration in CD was assessed by the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the relationship between biomarkers and infiltrated immune cells was investigated. Results A total of 551 DEGs were obtained, including 275 upregulated and 276 downregulated genes. There were 20 mitochondria-related genes associated with CD. A total of 9 mitochondria-related feature genes (SOD2, MTHFD2, BPHL, PXMP2, RMND1, AGXT2, MAOA, HMGCS2, MAOB) were screened by two machine learning algorithms. An artificial neural network diagnostic model was constructed by the selected feature genes. The values of AUC of the model in the training and validation groups were 0.956 and 0.736 respectively. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the feature genes were associated with resting memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated dendritic cells, neutrophils, and CD8⁺ T cells. Conclusion The artificial neural network diagnostic model for CD based on 9 mitochondrial genes has good predictive performance.

Objective To analyze the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on colorectal adenoma detection rate (ADR) in fatigue state of endoscopists. Methods A total of 784 patients undergoing colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center of Hengshui People's Hospital in Hebei Province were enrolled. Patients were divided into group A (n=405, time from 14: 00 to 15: 59) and group B (n=379, time from 16: 00 to 17: 30) based on the operation time. Patients in both groups who underwent AI-assisted examination were included in AI subgroup, while those without AI assistance were included in non-AI subgroup. Baseline data, including age, gender and bowel preparation quality [assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score] were collected. The ADR and polyp detection rate (PDR) for colorectal lesions were calculated for both groups, and the ADR was compared between groups with and without AI assistance. Results The overall ADR was 32.10% in the group A, which was higher than 26.91% in the group B, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Without AI assistance, the ADR in the group A was 25.85%, which was significantly higher than 17.30% in the group B (P < 0.05). In the group B with AI assistance, the ADR was significantly higher than that in the group A without AI assistance (P < 0.05). Without AI assistance, the PDR in the group A was 33.17%, which was significantly higher than 22.70% in the group B (P < 0.05). After using AI assistance, there was no significant difference in PDR between the two groups (P>0.05). In the group A, the ADR was 38.50% in the AI subgroup (n=200) and 25.80% in the non-AI subgroup (n=205), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.006). In the group B, the ADR was 36.08% in the AI subgroup (n=194) and 17.30% in the non-AI subgroup (n=185), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion AI-assisted colonoscopy can effectively improve the ADR of endoscopists under fatigue conditions.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) -tetraspanin superfamily member 1 (TM4SF1) complex on cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Methods SLC1A5-overexpressing Eca109 cells were constructed using lentiviral vectors, and the effect of SLC1A5 on cisplatin sensitivity was assessed through cell viability assays. Western blotting (WB) was employed to detect SLC1A5 expression in Eca109 cells and cisplatin-resistant Eca109 cells (Eca109-R). SLC1A5 expression was knocked down in Eca109-R cells using lentiviral vectors, and cisplatin sensitivity was examined thereafter. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to analyze the influence of SLC1A5 knockdown on the expression of key genes involved in DNA damage repair in Eca109-R cells. In SLC1A5-knockdown Eca109-R cells, cell viability assays were performed to evaluate the sensitivity to cisplatin after RAD50 overexpression. Additionally, Eca109 cells were separately or co-overexpressed with SLC1A5 and TM4SF1 using lentiviral vectors, and the effect of the SLC1A5-TM4SF1complex on RAD50 expression and cisplatin resistance was examined through cell viability assays. Results Compared with control cells, Eca109 cells overexpressing SLC1A5 exhibited enhanced cisplatin resistance (P < 0.05). Eca109-R cells showed increased SLC1A5 protein expression, and knockdown of SLC1A5 cells were more sensitivity to cisplatin (P < 0.05). RAD50 gene expression was significantly downregulated upon SLC1A5 knockdown under cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05). Knockdown of SLC1A5 inhibited RAD50 protein expression, and overexpression of RAD50 in SLC1A5-knockdown cells significantly restored cisplatin resistance (P < 0.05). Co-overexpression of SLC1A5 and TM4SF1 can further up-regulate the expression of RAD50, and the drug resistance of the cells to cisplatin was enhanced compared with the control cells(P < 0.05). Conclusion The SLC1A5-TM4SF1 complex promotes cisplatin resistance in ESCC cells by upregulating RAD50 expression.

Objective To construct a prognostic prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on immune and metabolism related genes, analyze the prognostic immune response of HCC patients, and screen potential drugs for HCC treatment through drug sensitivity analysis. Methods HCC expression profiling and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a list of immune-related genes was obtained from the Immport database; the Perl language was used to extract metabolism-related pathway gene sets from the Molecular Signatures Database(MSig DB), and co-expression related genes were found through differential analysis and co-expression analysis; the univariate Cox regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to screen prognosis-related genes and construct a risk prognosis model for HCC, and risk scores for all HCC samples were calculated. Using the median risk score as the critical value, the reliability of the prognostic model was evaluated through risk curves, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, independent prognostic analysis, and Nomograms. The correlations between risk scores and pathway enrichment analysis as well as immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Drug sensitivity analysis was used to identify potential therapeutic drugs for HCC. Results Five immune and metabolic genes with independent prognostic value were obtained, and a prognostic model based on immune and metabolic genes was constructed. Survival analysis showed that in the total dataset, training group and validation group, the survival rate of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that ofthe high-risk group (P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curves of the prognostic model for the training group at 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.780, 0.699 and 0.706 respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that grading and risk score could be used as independent prognostic factors for HCC (P < 0.05), with a concordance index of 0.734 (95%CI, 0.669 to 0.798), indicating good model performance. Immune cell infiltration results showed significant differences in resting NK cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages, and M1 macrophages between the high-risk and low-risk groups (P < 0.05). Drug sensitivity analysis screened 12 drugs that may have potential therapeutic effects in HCC patients (P < 0.01). Conclusion The prognostic model of HCC based on five immune and metabolic genes has good predictive performance, and can be used as a new indicator for prognosis evaluation; the 12 drugs screened out have potential efficacy for HCC.

Objective To explore and analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at different stages according to the China Liver Cancer Staging (CNLC) system. Methods The clinical records of outpatients with primary liver cancer treated by Professor Zhou Min were collected and entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (Version 2.50) to establish a database. Data mining methods such as frequency analysis, drug association analysis, and cluster analysis were employed, the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer the prescription patterns at different stages was explored and medication rules were analyzed according to Professor Zhou Min's experience in treating liver cancer at various CNLC stages. Results A total of 202 prescriptions from 113 patients with primary liver cancer were collected, involving 230 traditional Chinese medicines. The high-frequency drugs and drug combinations at each stage were identified. The drugs with higher frequencies at each stage included Fuling, Chenpi, Yiyiren, fried Baishu, and Fabanxia. For stage Ⅰ, high-frequency drugs also included Zhongjiefeng, Xiangfu, Jiangcan, and Jianghuang. For stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ, high-frequency drugs further encompassed Zhongjiefeng, Xianhecao, Banzhilian, Baihua Sheshecao, Jiangcan, Zeqi, Xiangfu, and Maidong. For stage Ⅳ, high-frequency drugs also include Maydis stigma, Huoxiang, fried Maiya, Jineijin, and fried Guya. The majority of the drugs were cold in nature, with sweet and bitter tastes being the most common, and their meridian tropism were mostly distributed in the spleen and stomach meridians. The drug combinations with higher frequencies at each stage were mostly derived from Sijunzi Decoction and Erchen Decoction. The drug efficacies were mainly heat-clearing and dampness-resolving. Cluster analysis screened out new prescriptions with unique characteristics at each stage. Conclusion By performing data mining on the prescriptions used by Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at various CNLC stages through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Platform, combined with his understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical experience of the disease, the pathogenesis characteristics of primary liver cancer are summarized as dampness-heat, phlegm, and toxin accumulation, as well as qi and yin deficiency. The basic treatment methods established are heat-clearing and dampness-resolving, spleen-invigorating and yin-nourishing, with an emphasis on strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors and stage-based treatment. Flexible prescriptions and medications are used for different complications.

Objective To evaluate factors associated with prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients and analyze the competing risks of death in TSCC patients. Methods Data tonsil malignant tumors cases diagnosed between 1975 and 2020 were obtained from the SEER database, and records confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma were selected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the relationships of gender, race, age, marital status, year of diagnosis, lesion location, pathological evidence, treatment regimen with overall survival rate as well as cause-specific mortality outcomes. The competing risks of cause-specific death outcomes among TSCC patients with different clinical characteristics were assessed. Results This study included 14, 805 TSCC patients, including 11, 650 males, accounting for 78.69%. 93.99% of TSCC cases were diagnosed after the age of 45, with the highest incidence occurring in 45 to 64 age group. Radiotherapy was the most commonly used treatment modality (81.78%), compared to surgery (49.47%) and chemotherapy (47.10%). By the end of the follow-up period, 8, 003 (54.06%) TSCC patients had died, with a median survival time of 2.33 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the HR (95%CI) for TSCC-related deaths among patients not receiving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were 2.101 (1.972 to 2.239), 1.829 (1.702 to 1.966) and 1.023(0.951 to 1.100), respectively, compared to those who did receive these treatments; the HR (95%CI) for deaths due to other causes were 1.630 (1.513 to 1.756), 1.438 (1.318 to 1.570) and 1.328 (1.212 to 1.456), respectively. Compared to patients < 45 years old, the HR (95%CI) for TSCC-related deaths among patients ≥65 years old were 2.218 (1.933 to 2.545), and for deaths due to other causes were 6.178 (5.133 to 7.436). Conclusion Radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy all contribute to improving the prognosis of TSCC patients. For elderly TSCC patients, particular attention should be paid to non-TSCC-related death risks.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of serum microRNA-375 (miR-375) and microRNA-760 (miR-760) combined liver enhancement computed tomography(CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 144 patients with HCC were included in cancer group, and another 144 patients with benign liver tumors in the same period were included in benign group. The expression levels of serum miR-375 and miR-760 were measured in both groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-375 and miR-760 expression levels combined with liver enhancement CT in HCC. The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of lonely detection of serum miR-375, miR-760 levels and liver enhancement CT, and their combined diagnosis for HCC with the gold standard pathological results. Results The expression levels of serum miR-375 and miR-760 in the cancer group were significantly lower than those in the benign group (P<0.05). The expression levels of serum miR-375 and miR-760 in patients with HCC were correlated with the number of tumor, tumor diameter, TNM stage, distant organ metastasis, degree of differentiation, portal vein tumor thrombus, and hepatitis B surface antigen (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of combined diagnosis of HCC using serum miR-375, miR-760, and liver enhancement CT was significantly greater than the AUC of individual diagnosis of the three methods (P<0.05), and there was a high consistency with pathological results (Kappa=0.826). Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-375 and miR-760 in patients with HCC are lower than those in patients with benign liver tumors. The combined use of serum miR-375 and miR-760 levels and liver enhancement CT technology can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy of HCC.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for inflammatory complications after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and construct a nomogram model for risk prediction. Methods The clinical data of 402 patients with primary gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent preoperative Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) grading, Lumbar 3 Skeletal Muscle Index (L3-SMI) assessment, and serological index testing. Univariate analysis was used to screen for influencing factors of postoperative inflammatory complications of gastric cancer, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine independent risk factors. A nomogram model for predicting postoperative inflammatory complications after radical gastrectomy was constructed based on the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Results Univariate analysis revealed that age, TNM stage, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, preoperative globulin, NRS2002 score, PG-SGA grade, and L3-SMI were influencing factors of postoperative inflammatory complications in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤60 years, preoperative hemoglobin ≤130 g/L(male) or ≤115 g/L(female), TNM staging of Ⅳ stage, NRS2002 score≥3, and L3-SMI ≤52.4 cm²/m²(male) or ≤38.5 cm²/m²(female) were independent risk factors for postoperative inflammatory complications in gastric cancer patients (P < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on age, preoperative hemoglobin, TNM stage, and NRS2002 score. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the nomogram model was 0.930, with sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% and 89.2%, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between the predicted probability of inflammatory complications and the actual outcomes. Conclusion Age≤60 years, low preoperative hemoglobin, TNM staging of Ⅳ stage, NRS2002 score ≥3, and low L3-SMI are independent risk factors for postoperative inflammatory complications in gastric cancer patients. The nomogram model constructed based on age, preoperative hemoglobin, TNM stage, and NRS2002 score can accurately predict postoperative inflammatory complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Aiyu Capsule in combination with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy for patients with median or advanced rectum cancer, and to investigate its impacts on cellular immune function and survival. Methods A total of 347 patients with adenocarcinoma-type median or advanced rectum cancer were enrolled in this study from March 2018 to June 2019 were selected as study objects. Patients were divided into control group (173 patients) or observation group (174 patients) using an odd-even number system, and both groups were followed up for 36 months. The control group received FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, while the observation group additionally took Aiyu Capsule orally. Both groups underwent four consecutive treatment cycles.Clinical efficacy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were evaluated after 2 and 4 cycles. Tumor markers, cellular immune function, adverse reaction rates, and cumulative survival rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After 2 and 4 cycles of treatment, the complete response rate and disease control rate were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). After 2 cycles of treatment, disease control rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Both primary and secondary symptom scores, as well as total scores, decreased in both groups post-treatment, with lower scores in the observation group (P<0.05). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels decreased in both groups after 2 cycles, with significant reduction in the observation group (P<0.05). After 4 courses of treatment, CEA and CA19-9 levels in two groups were lower than before treatment and 2 courses of treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After two treatment cycles, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ T cells, and the CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ ratio(CD4⁺/CD8⁺) in the observation group were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment, whereas the CD8⁺ T cell levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). After four treatment cycles, the control group demonstrated elevation in CD4⁺ T cell levels and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ compared to the levels after two cycles (P<0.05). After four treatment cycles, the observation group had significant increase in CD3⁺, CD4⁺ T cell levels, and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺, whereas a significant reduction in CD8⁺ T cells compared to pretreatment (P<0.05). The incidence of dermatitis and liver function impairment was lower in the observation group (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a higher cumulative survival rate in the observation group (P=0.011). Conclusion The combination of Aiyu Capsule and FOLFOX4 chemotherapy promotes immune function recovery, alleviates chemotherapy-related adverse reactions, extends survival outcomes, and enhances clinical efficacy in patients with median or advanced rectum cancer.