Objective To explore the effect of double silicone balloon catheter used as nasal packing materials after functional endoscopic sinus sur?gery(FESS). Methods Totally 80 patients(47 males and 33 females,median age of 43 years)with bilateral chronic sinusitis who underwent en?doscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups,each group with 40 patients. The hemostatic sponge group used he?mostatic sponge for postoperative nasal packing and the hemostatic catheter group used double silicone balloon catheter plus medical sponge. Patients were observed for postoperative pain,ventilation and bleeding after packing removal to evaluate efficacy. Results Double silicone balloon catheter was superior to hemostatic sponge in ventilation maintenance(mean scores:78.8 vs 2.32)and pain relief(mean scores:0 vs 5.26),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Moreover,double silicone balloon catheter was also superior to hemostatic sponge regarding to nasal bleeding after packing removal. Conclusion Double silicone balloon catheter is a preferable material for nasal packing after endoscopic surgery,which has reliable hemostatic effect and can better maintain the nasal ventilation,reduce pain in patients,and improve the patient's quality of life during treat?ment.

Objective To study the independent risk factors of relapse of smoking among current smokers of different ages who underwent percuta?neous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods Totally 197 current smokers who received PCI from January 2007 to December 2009 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled. Information about relapse of smoking was collected through the medical records and the telephone follow?up. Discrepancy of risk factors of smoking resumption was compared in different age groups. Results Totally 112 patients re?sumed smoking after PCI. There were 87 patients in the non?elderly group and 25 in the elderly group. According to the correlation analysis,more than one stents(P=0.025),severe nicotine dependence(P=0.001)and long time for daily passive smoking(P=0.000)were related with relapse in the non?elderly group,and there was a negative correlation between more than one stents and relapse. But in the elderly group,relapse was associ?ated with history of hypertension(P=0.034). According to the logistic regression analysis in different age groups,independent predictors of smoking relapse in the non?elderly group were severe nicotine dependence(OR:3.914,P=0.003)and long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.352,P=0.000). And in the elderly group,independent risk factors of smoking relapse were male(OR:17.325,P=0.027),history of hypertension(OR:13.185,P=0.005),long time for daily passive smoking(OR:1.273,P=0.045)Conclusion Independent risk factors of smoking relapse were different in the elderly group and the non?elderly group. In the non?elderly group,these factors were severe nicotine dependence and long time for dai?ly passive smoking. And in elderly group,these factors were male,history of hypertension,long time for daily passive smoking.

Objective To investigate the echocardiographic features in patients with right atrial myxoma and thus evaluate the value of echocardiog?raphy in the diagnosis of right atrial myxoma. Methods The echocardiographic findings of 20 patients with right atrial myxomas were retrospectively analyzed,and the echocardiographic features of these patients were summarized. Results The main clinical symptoms of right atrial myxoma includ?ed chest tightness,shortness of breath,lower limb edema,and syncope. Of these 20 patients,the echocardiography showed that the average size of the right atrial myxomas was 3.11 cm × 2.90 cm to 7.44 cm × 4.52 cm. The myxomas were round or oval shape in 15 patients(75%)and lobulated shape in 5(25%). The myxomas were attached to the atrial septum in 15 patients(75%)and to right atrial free wall in 25%of the patients. The aver?age width of the basement was 1.62±0.30 cm,and the width was greater than 1 cm in 80%of the patients had the width over 1 cm. Some myxomas had internal areas of calcification and anechoic cystic areas. The percentages of patients with the blocking of right atrium,tricuspid and pulmonary hy?pertension were 70%,50%,and 10%,respectively. Conclusion The echocardiographic features of right atrial myxoma were specific. Echocardiog?raphy can accurately assess the tumor and identify the secondary changes in cardiac structure and hemodynamics and thus provide evidence for time?ly and accurate diagnosis of right atrial myxoma.

Objective To explore the role and significance of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2)in peripheral blood in preterm premature rup?ture of membranes(pPROM)and infection of amniotic cavity. Methods RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of sPLA2 mRNA in pe?ripheral blood of 30 patients with pPROM (experimental group),30 non-full term normal pregnant patients without pPROM (normal control group)and 30 full term patients with PROM(full-term control group)before and after delivery. Fetal membranes were collected at the time of deliv?ery of patients with pPROM for pathologic examination to determine histological chorioamnionitis(HCA). Results The expression levels of sPLA2 mRNA in peripheral blood were 1.079±0.746 and 0.651±0.481 in the experimental group and the normal control group before delivery,respectively, indicating that the expression of sPLA2 mRNA was increased in the experimental group compared with the normal control group(P=0.011). The expression levels of sPLA2 mRNA in peripheral blood were 2.439±0.086 and 2.575±0.036 in the experimental group and the full-term control group at labor onset,respectively,indicating that there was no statistically significant difference in the level of sPLA2 mRNA in peripheral blood between the experimental group and the full-term control group at labor onset(P=0.787). The level of sPLA2 was related to chorioamnionitis in the experi?mental group at labor onset. Conclusion The increase of sPLA2 may participate in the pathogenesis of preterm premature rupture of membranes and is related with the infection of chorioamnionitis.

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor(erythroid?derived 2)?like 2(Nrf2)in load?driven bone metabolism in Nrf2 knock?out(KO)mice. Methods The hybridized mice in the same brood were selected through PCR detection and were divided into two groups,i.e.,the Nrf2 knockout(KO)group and the wild?type(WT)group. Ulna of mice was loaded with 4 000 peak microstrains at 2 Hz for 3 consecutive days (120 cycles/day)as scheduled,the relative mineralizing surface(rMS/BS)and the relative bone formation rate(rBFR/BS)of ulna were measured for the two groups. Results Load?induced bone formation was suppressed in KO mice. Compared to the WT control,the relative bone formation rate was roughly 84%lower in KO mice(P<0.01). Conclusion The loss?of?function mutation of Nrf2 in bone diminishes load?driven bone formation.

Objective To study the influence of progesterone on the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer and observe the co?effect of vitamin D and progesterone of different levels on the proliferation of the cell line T?47D in hormone?dependent breast cancer and the interaction be?tween vitamin D and progesterone. Methods The cultured T?47D cells were divided into the high and the low progesterone mono?treated groups to observe the effects of different levels of progesterone on the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer cell line(T?47D). The high and the low vitamin D mono?treated groups were set to observe the effects of different levels of vitamin D on the cell proliferation. Groups treated by differ?ent levels of progesterone combined with vitamin D were set to observe the interaction between them. Normal breast cancer cells were set as the con?trol group. The two?factor two?level parallel factorial experiment was conducted to observe the co?effect of different levels of progesterone and vitamin D on the proliferation of T?47D. The growth and apoptosis of cells was observed through detection of absorbance in each group by MTT. Results The cell concentration in high and low progesterone treated groups was increased than that in the control group,and was increased in the low proges?terone treated group compared with the high progesterone treated group(P<0.05). The cell concentration in dual?low level treated group was de?creased than that in the other three groups which were two?factor treated and the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Progesterone stimulates the cell proliferation of hormone?dependent breast cancer. The concentration?based interaction between vitamin D and progesterone indicates that the bi?directional effect of progesterone on breast cancer cells may be related to the concentration of progesterone and other factors,but the specific interac?tion and the mechanism is unclear.

Objective To evaluate the lung protective effect of sustained inflation(SI)and its mechanism for exogenous acute lung injury(ALI) animal models. Methods Exogenous acute lung injury animal models were replicated using intravenous injection of oleic acid. Immunohistochemis?try and double antibody sandwich ELISA were carried out to detect IL?10 and IL?6 protein levels in lung tissues and serum. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of SP?A in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). The expression of ICAM?1 and SP?A mRNA in lung tis?sue was measured by reverse transcription PCR. The apoptosis of lung tissue cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results The maintenance of 20 s lung recruitment method of 35 cmH2O pressure could improve PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2,reduce PaCO2,and improve oxygenation and pulmonary com?pliance. The re?expansion effect of sustained inflation for exogenous acute lung injury was good. The IL?10 and IL?6 levels in lung tissue and serum for SI group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The SP?A expression level of lung tissue and BALF in SI group was significantly reduced compared with the control group(P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of SI group was significant?ly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Sustained inflation played an important role in lung protection against exogenous ALI through inhibition of apoptosis,lightening of inflammatory response,reduction of pulmonary edema and SP?A degradation in lung tissue,as well as promotion of SP?A synthesis and secretion in pulmonary alveolus.

Objective To investigate the effect of PARP inhibitor 3?aminobenzamide(3?AB)on cortical neurons in streptozotocin?induced diabe?tes mellitus(DM)rats and the mechanism. Methods A total of 60 rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:sham?operated control group,DM group and DM+3?AB group,20 rats in each group. Morris maze was used to detect learning and memory abilities in each group. Spectrophotometer assay was used to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH?Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in cortex. West?ern blot was used to determine the expression of poly(ADP?ribose)polymerase 1(PARP1)in cortex. Immunohistochemical staining was used to de?termine the expression of caspase?3?immunoreactive neurons in cortex. Results DM rats showed significantly declined learning and memory abili?ties. Compared with the control group,the levels of SOD and GSH?Px were significantly reduced(P<0.01)and the level of MDA was significantly up?regulated(P<0.01)in the DM group. Compared with the DM group,the levels of SOD and GSH?Px were significantly higher(P<0.05)and the level of MDA was significantly lower in the DM+3?AB group(P<0.05). The expression level of PARP1 was significantly up?regulated in the DM group and was significantly decreased in the DM+3?AB group(P<0.01). The level of caspase?3 was significantly higher in the DM group than in the control group(P<0.01),and was significantly decreased in the DM+3?AB group(P<0.01). Conclusion 3?AB protected cortical neurons from apoptosis in DM rats by inhibition of PARP1 and alleviation of oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7(MMP7)in paraquat(PQ)?induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods Forty?eight SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the pulmonary fibrosis model group(PQ model group),each group of twenty?four rats. Rats in the PQ model group received single intraperitoneal injection of 4 mg/mL PQ dilute solution and the control group were in?traperitoneal injected with the same dose of saline. Eight rats of each group were sacrificed on day 7,day14 and day 28 respectively. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed and the hydroxyproline(HYP)content in lung tissues was determined. The severity of pulmonary fibrosis was observed. The expressions of MMP7 in lungs were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The observation of general state of the experimental animals showed that except one rat died at day 28 d,all other rats survived to the end point of observation. After intraperitoneal injection with PQ,the weight of rats in the PQ model group gradually declined,and then increased around day 14,yet still much lower than that in the control group at day 28(P<0.05). After intraperitoneal injection with PQ,the pulmonary index in the model group increased gradually and then decreased after reach?ing the peak on day 14. The content of HYP in rat lung tissues in the PQ model group was remarkably higher than in the control group at day 7,day 14,and day 28,with statistical significance(P<0.01). In the PQ model group,the content of HYP was significantly up?regulated with the extension of infected time and reached the peak value at day 28. The results of HE staining showed significant pulmonary alveolitis at day 7,hyperplasia of abundant collagen fibers in alveolar septum at day 14,and obvious pulmonary fibrosis and collapse of alveolar structure on day 28 in the lung tissues of the PQ model group. A weak expression of MMP7 was measured in the lung tissues in the control group and the expression of MMP7 was higher in the PQ model group than in the control group at day 7,day 14,and day 28,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Paraquat poison?ing was mainly manifested in inflammatory reactions of lung tissues in the early stage together with increase of fibroblasts and mainly in fibrosis in the late stage. The expression of MMP7was increased along with the severity of pulmonary alveolitis or fibrosis and showed significant changes compared to the control group at day 28 after poisoning,indicating that MMP7may be the marker of paraquat?induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To check the neutrophil count and the expression of cell surface adhesion molecule,lymphocyte function associated antigen?1(LFA?1)in peripheral neutrophils in severe preeclamptic patients and normal pregnant women in order to investigate the correlation of neutrophil activation with preeclampsia. Methods Totally 28 pregnant women in the department of gynecology and obstetrics in Shengjing Hospital from No?vember 2013 to January 2014 were included in the study,and divided into the severe preeclampsia group(n=14),and the control group(normal pregnant women,n=14). There was no statistically significant difference in age and gestational weeks between the two groups. The expression of LFA?1 in peripheral neutrophils was detected by flow cytometry in the two groups. Mean blood pressure(MBP)was measured in the severe preeclamptic group,and the correlation of MBP with expression of LFA?1 was analyzed. Results The neutrophil count was 8.40±2.23 ×109/L in the severe pre?eclamptic group,significantly higher than(6.71±1.58)×109/L in the control group,(P<0.05). The positive rate of LFA?1 in peripheral neutrophils was 63.25±38.025%in the severe preeclamptic patients,significantly higher than 8.32±38.65%in the control group(P<0.05). The expression lev?el of LFA?1 in peripheral neutrophils was significantly correlated with mean blood pressure in severe preeclamptic patients(r=0.64,P=0.013). Conclusion The neutrophil count and the expression of LFA?1 in peripheral neutrophils were significantly increased in severe preeclamptic pa?tients compared to normal pregnant women,and significantly correlated with severity of preeclampsia,suggesting that neutrophil activation participat?ed in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.