The development of intestinal-type gastric cancer follows a progression from non-atrophic gastritis — atrophic gastritis — intestinal metaplasia — epithelial dysplasia — gastric cancer，known as the " inflammation-cancer transformation. " Leveraging the advantages of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，while collaborating to inhibit this transformation，remains a research focus and challenge. The incidence of gastric cancer in China has declined with the continuous elucidation of the mechanisms behind inflammation-cancer transformation，innovations in early screening and diagnosis techniques in Western medicine，the establishment of risk stratification and treatment systems，and effective interventions through traditional Chinese medicine. Leveraging the theoretical and practical advantages of the " preventing disease before it occurs" philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine，particularly the concept of " preventing transformation in existing diseases，" is essential. This approach emphasizes shifting the focus of prevention and treatment to earlier stages of disease progression. Developing more effective and reliable strategies and innovative drugs that block the dynamic progression of the " inflammation-cancer transformation" in gastric cancer remains a key goal. This article reviews the latest progress in both basic and clinical research in this field，the issues related to high-level clinical research in traditional Chinese medicine，the construction of integrated diagnosis and treatment pathways combining Chinese and Western medicine，the establishment of efficacy evaluation standards，and the elucidation of the integration mechanisms of the complex system of traditional Chinese medicine. It also explores research directions and solutions within the context of multidisciplinary collaboration to provide insights and references to block inflammation-cancer transformation and to construct a gastric cancer prevention and control system with Chinese characteristics，thereby further enhancing the level of gastric cancer prevention and control.

This article adopts Professor CHEN Chaozu′s " sanjiao composed by membrane-striae" theory as its foundation to explore the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and functional/structural abnormalities of the membrane-striae. Sanjiao encompasses both the tangible membrane and the intangible striae. These striae permeate the entire body，and their pathological changes comprehensively reflect qi，body fluids，and fasciae. Based on the physiological function of the membrane-striae in regulating qi and fluids，the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by a disharmony of membrane-striae and an imbalance of the qi-fluid interactions. In the early stage，external pathogens，emotional factors，or dietary stimuli often cause membrane-striae constriction and disordered qi-fluid circulation. In the middle stage，stagnant fluids gradually transform into phlegm retention，leading to membrane-striae obstruction. In the late stage，deficiency of vital qi becomes predominant，manifesting as laxity of membrane-striae with impaired control or weakened conduction. The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome should adopt " unblocking" as the guiding principle. In the early stage，therapy should focus on eliminating pathogenic factors and soothing membrane-striae to promptly restore qi-fluid circulation，thereby attaining unblocking through spasm relief. In the middle stage，treatment should focus on resolving tangible obstructions in membrane-striae，achieving unblocking via dredging. In the late stage，the emphasis should shift to reinforcing healthy qi，particularly by strengthening spleen-kidney yang qi，and achieving unblocking through supplementation. Concurrently，throughout the entire treatment process，the regulation of mental state and easing of emotional tension should be integrated to alleviate patient′s anxiety，achieving the goal of holistic treatment of both body and mind.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Modern research indicates that immune dysregulation resulting from disruptions in circadian rhythm is closely associated with its pathogenesis. Both Western chronomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）" treatment based on temporal factors" emphasize the temporal relationship between natural rhythms and human physiology and pathology. The " midnight-noon and ebb-flow " theory represents the concrete application and deepening of TCM " treatment based on temporal factors" within the realm of chronomedicine. This article correlates the onset time of ulcerative colitis with specific periods in the " midnight-noon and ebb-flow"theory：the Mao period（05：00-07：00），when the yangming large intestine meridian of hand is dominant； the Si period（09：00-11：00），when the taiyin spleen meridian of foot is dominant； and the You period（17：00-19：00），when the shaoyin kidney meridian of foot is dominant. According to this perspective，if the disease manifests during the Mao period，the pathogenesis is attributed to dampnessheat accumulation and disorder of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on clearing heat，resolving dampness，and harmonizing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Shaoyao Decoction or Baitouweng Decoction. If it occurs during the Si period，the pathogenesis involves spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction and disharmony of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on strengthening the spleen，eliminating dampness，and restoring qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Huangya Decoction or Shenling Baizhu Powder. If it presents during the You period，the pathogenesis is characterized by fire failing to warm earth，and consumption resulting in qi and blood leakage. Treatment should focus on warming the kidney and spleen，and securing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Sishen Pill or Tianhun Decoction. In addition to oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine，comprehensive therapies including acupuncture，herbal enemas，and acupoint application can provide novel insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.

At present,some new tongue manifestations with distinct characteristics and high clinical value have not yet gained widespread consensus,which is unfavorable to their research and promotion.This paper representatively explores four types of tongue texture manifestations(liver gall line,bulging vein tongue,concave tip tongue,convex surface tongue)and two types of tongue coating manifestations(cracked tongue coating,white saliva line)among them.It is found that the liver gall line manifests as dark stagnation of various forms on the tongue surface,indicating liver qi stagnation and blood stasis as well as heat-toxin accumulation;the bulging vein tongue is characterized by clearly raised blood vessels on the tongue surface,suggesting blood stasis due to yang deficiency or cold congelation;the concave tip tongue is characterized by a depressed tip,indicating an abnormal tongue frenulum or malnutrition of heart,lung,and kidney;the convex surface tongue features a broad and thick tongue body with an overall"convex"shape,which is observed in healthy individuals or suggests qi movement disorder and spleen and stomach stagnation;the cracked tongue coating is characterized by cracks only on the tongue coating,indicating qi deficiency with disordered fluid or yin consumption due to intense heat;the white saliva line presents as strip-like white foam bands on the tongue margin,suggesting liver qi stagnation and dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency.No consensus exists regarding issues such as naming and description,reflecting the necessity of expanding and standardizing the theory of tongue diagnosis.This paper aims to emphasize the value and standardization of such new tongue manifestations,enrich the theoretical system of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine,and provide novel insights and reference basis for clinical syndrome differentiation.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of Xiao'er Zhixiao Pingchuan Granules(XEZXPCG)on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced airway remodeling in asthmatic mice and its potential mechanism by regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)and inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway.Methods A total of 96 SPF-grade male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank,model,XEZXPCG low/medium/high-dose groups(2.05,4.10,and 8.20 g/kg),adeno-associated virus(AAV)NC shRNA,AAV MIF shRNA(MIF gene silencing),and LY294002(PI3K/Akt inhibitor,1 mg/kg)groups(12 mice in each group).Asthma models were established through OVA sensitization and challenge.Airway resistance and the proportions of inflammatory cells(eosinophils and macrophages)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected.Serum inflammatory factor(OVA-IgE,interleukin[IL]-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interferon-gamma)levels and BALF were quantified.Hematoxylin and eosin,Masson,and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to evaluate airway wall thickness(Wat/Phm),smooth muscle area(Wam/Phm),collagen deposition,and goblet cell metaplasia.Western blotting,immunofluorescence,and real-time fluorescence-qPCR were used to detect MIF protein and mRNA expressions,as well as activation markers of the PI3K/Akt pathway and cell cycle-related proteins(including cyclin-dependant kinase 6[CDK6],Cyclin D1,Cyclin D3,and p21),in lung tissues.Results Compared to the model group,a XEZXPCG medium or high-dose significantly reduced airway resistance(P<0.05),improved the imbalance of eosinophil and macrophage proportions in BALF,and decreased inflammatory factor levels in serum and BALF(P<0.05).XEZXPCG medium or high-dose alleviated airway epithelial damage,goblet cell hyperplasia,and collagen fiber deposition,and reduced the Wat/Phm and Wam/Phm(P<0.05),with effects comparable to those of the AAV MIF shRNA and LY294002 groups.XEZXPCG medium and high-inhibited MIF protein/mRNA expression(P<0.05),downregulated Akt phosphorylation(P<0.05),upregulated p21 protein expression,and downregulated Cyclin D1,Cyclin D3,and CDK6 expressions(P<0.05).Conclusion XEZXPCG alleviates airway inflammation and improves airway remodeling in OVA-induced asthmatic mice by inhibiting MIF expression,downregulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and regulating cell cycle progression.XEZXPCG enhances airway remodeling through MIF-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway regulation.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of a combination of cimigenoside and cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells.Methods Selecting A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines as the research objects,the CCK-8 method was employed to detect the cell viability of cimigenoside and cisplatin on A549 cells,as well as the cell viability of cimigenoside on BEAS-2B cells,and calculate the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)and 20%inhibitory concentration(IC20).Follow-up experiments were conducted on A549 cells using a IC20 of cimigenoside and cisplatin.A549 cells were divided into control,cisplatin(5.09 μmol/L),cimigenoside(4.39 μmol/L),and cisplatin+cimigenoside groups(5.09 μmol/L+4.39 μmol/L).The four groups were treated with the corresponding drugs for 48 h.The EdU-488 fluorescent probe method was used to detect the positive cell rate of A549 cells,and Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect the apoptosis status of A549 cells.Bodipy 493/503 staining was used to observe lipid droplet formation in A549 cells.Western blotting was used to detect protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),steroid regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1),fatty acid synthase(FASN),acetyl CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1),adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase(ACLY),Cyclin E1,cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2),B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax),and Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein expression in A549 cells.Confocal immunofluorescence was used to detect the average fluorescence intensity of SREBP1 in A549 cells.Results The IC50 and IC20 values of cimigenoside on A549 cells were 22.80±0.93 μmol/L and 4.39±0.73 μmol/L,respectively.The IC50 and IC20 values of cisplatin on A549 cells were 31.57±1.53 μmol/L and 5.09±0.78 μmol/L,respectively.The IC50 of cimigenoside for BEAS-2B cells was 26.60±1.41 μmol/L.Compared with the control group,the EdU-positive cell rate decreased,the cell necrosis rate and total apoptosis rate increased,lipid droplet formation reduced,p-Akt,mTOR,SREBP1,FASN,ACC1,ACLY,Cyclin E1,CDK2,and Bcl-2 protein expression decreased,Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein expression increased,and the average SREBP1 fluorescence intensity decreased(P<0.05)in the cisplatin,cimigenoside,and cisplatin+cimigenoside groups.Compared with the cisplatin group,the cell necrosis rate increased,and lipid droplet formation was reduced,and SREBP1,Cyclin E1,Bax,and Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein expression decreased,whereas CDK2 and Bcl-2 protein expression increased in the cimigenoside group(P<0.05).The cisplatin+cimigenoside group showed a decrease in cell necrosis rate,an increase in total apoptosis rate,a reduction in lipid droplet formation,a decrease in p-Akt,mTOR,SREBP1,FASN,ACC1,ACLY,Cyclin E1,CDK2,and Bcl-2 protein expression,an increase in Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein expression,and a decrease in the average fluorescence intensity of SREBP1(P<0.05).Compared with the cimigenoside group,the cisplatin+cimigenoside group showed a decrease in cell necrosis rate,an increase in total apoptosis rate,a reduction in lipid droplet formation,a decrease in p-Akt,mTOR,SREBP1,FASN,ACC1,ACLY,Cyclin E1,CDK2,and Bcl-2 protein expression,an increase in Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein expression,and a decrease in the average fluorescence intensity of SREBP1(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of cisplatin and cimigenoside can inhibit the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,regulate SREBP1 expression,and affect the lipid metabolism pathway of A549 cells,thereby inhibiting their proliferation.

Objective Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of"simultaneous regulation of the liver and kidney,"this study integrated network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking,and animal experimental validation to analyze the multi-target regulatory network of Duzhong Xionghua(the male flower of Eucommia ulmoides)-Sanqi Hua(Sanchi flower)herb pair(hereinafter called"herb pair")in modulating glucolipid metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),thereby elucidating its underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,and Wanfang Data were used to obtain the active ingredients of the male flower of Eucommia ulmoides and Sanchi flower.PubChem Compound,SwissTargetPrediction,and SuperPred were used to screen and predict the targets of the drugs;The Human Gene Database,The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,and Therapeutic Target Database were used to screen the key gene targets of T2DM.A"component-target-pathway"network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software,and Gene Ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were employed to identify the functions of the relevant target genes and pathways.Molecular docking was used to verify the binding activities of the core components and the key targets.For animal experiments,spontaneous T2DM model mice were used,in which the normal group consisted of six mice(wild type)from the same litter,and the 24 successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into model,metformin(0.26 g/kg),high-dose herb pair(2.6 g/kg),and low-dose herb pair groups(1.3 g/kg)according to the blood glucose levels and body weights,with six mice per group.The drugs were administered by gavage daily for six consecutive weeks.The body weight and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels were measured weekly,and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in the fifth week.At the end of drug administration,body weight,naso-anal length,liver and bilateral epididymal adipose mass were measured;pathological changes in the liver were observed using HE staining;serum levels of aspartate transaminase(AST),alanine amino-transferase(ALT),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected using colorimetric assay;and liver tissue phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)signaling pathway protein expressions were determined using Western blotting.Results Network pharmacology screening identified 38 active components and 669 potential targets of the herb pair.Intersection analysis with 1,275 T2DM-related targets yielded 185 common targets.Protein-protein interaction network analysis and pathway enrichment revealed the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a key mechanism.Molecular docking confirmed the strong binding affinity of the core components to key targets such as AKT1,suggesting that the herb pair may activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibit GSK-3β activity via beta-sitosterol etc.Animal experiments demonstrated that,compared with the model group,the metformin group exhibited reduced FBG,AST,and ALT levels(P<0.01),but failed to improve body weight,Lee's index,or epididymal fat coefficient.Both herb pair doses significantly lowered Lee's index,hepatic index,and the epididymal fat coefficient(P<0.01),with the low-dose herb pair group showing attenuated body weight gain in mice.In contrast,the high-dose herb pair group exhibited decreased FBG,improved glucose tolerance,reduced TC,TG,and LDL-C levels,and increased HDL-C level(all P<0.01).HE staining revealed that all metformin and the herb pair markedly restored hepatic structure and alleviated steatosis in model mice,with more pronounced effects in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group.Western blotting result indicated that in the low-dose herb pair group,phospho-PI3K(p-PI3K),AKT,and phospho-GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β)protein expressions significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),whereas GSK-3β decreased(P<0.05).The high-dose group exhibited enhanced PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,phospho-AKT,and p-GSK-3β protein expressions(all P<0.01),accompanied by reduced GSK-3β expression(P<0.01).Conclusion The male flower of Eucommia ulmoides-Sanchi flower herb pair may ameliorate T2DM-related glucolipid metabolic disorders by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.

Mild cognitive disorder is a condition that lies between normal age-related decline and dementia,primarily characterized by a decline in cognitive functions such as memory and executive function.In traditional Chinese medicine,it falls under the categories of"amnesia"and"consumptive disease,"closely linked to dysfunction of the"spirit."The principle that"yang qi nourishes the spirit when refined"originates from the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor.It explains how the abundance and regulated circulation of yang qi influence the proper functioning of the human spirit.Yang qi generates,nourishes,and protects the spirit's functions,a process dependent on the unimpeded flow through the sanjiao and the xuanfu.Yang qi originates from kidney yang,circulates through sanjiao,nourishes the upper,middle,and lower zang-fu organs,generates vital substances,and regulates the opening and closing of xuanfu.This enables it to generate the spirit,nourish vital substances,and defend against external pathogens.These three elements coordinate and interact to facilitate the operation of spirit.With aging,excessive consumption of rich and greasy foods,or emotional distress,yang qi gradually becomes deficient.This impairs the circulation of qi and fluids within the"sanjiao-xuanfu,"hindering the transformation of qi,blood,and essence.Consequently,phlegm-dampness,static blood,and turbid toxins accumulate internally,disturbing the clear orifices.Among these factors,kidney yang deficiency impairs sanjiao qi transformation and deprives the xuanfu of nourishment,forming the foundational pathogenesis for mild cognitive disorder.Deficiency-induced stagnation,coupled with phlegm-stasis mutual entanglement,ascends to disturb the xuanfu,constituting a key factor in cognitive disorder onset.Clinically,treatment must adhere to the core pathogenesis of yang deficiency,adopting the therapeutic principle of"regulating the sanjiao and opening xuanfu."Restoring xuanfu patency and sanjiao function harmonizes qi and blood throughout the body,thereby restoring mental consciousness.This paper explores the relationship between yang qi and the spirit,examining the connections between yang qi,sanjiao,and xuanfu.It aims to provide new insights and approaches for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive disorder.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on the protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's disease(AD)model mice and its effect on astrocytic glycolytic function,further exploring how EA ameliorates AD-related cognitive impairment.Methods Eighteen APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model,EA,and sham EA groups(n=6)using the random number table method.Six wild-type C57BL/6J mice served as the control group.The EA group received EA stimulation at acupoints"Shenshu"(BL23),"Baihui"(GV20),and"Zusanli"(ST36)(administered every other day,20 min per session,for 4 weeks).The sham EA group received identical needle insertions at the same acupoints without electrical stimulation.The control and model groups were only restrained.Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze and Y-maze spontaneous alternation tests.Hippocampal morphology was observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining.Hippocampal β-amyloid peptide 1-42(Aβ1-42)deposition was detected using immunohistochemistry.HIF-1α protein expression,the p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were measured using Western blotting.Pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)activities were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Hexokinase(HK)activity and L-lactate content were determined using a colorimetric assay.Co-localization of LDHA with the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein was quantitatively analyzed using immunofluorescence double-labeling combined with Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results Compared with the control group,the model group mice exhibited cognitive decline,as shown by prolonged escape latency(P<0.01),reduced number of platform crossings,lower time spent in the target quadrant,and decreased spontaneous alternation accuracy(P<0.01).The hippocampal neurons showed cell body swelling,deeper nuclear staining,enlarged intercellular spaces,and increased average optical density of Aβ1-42(P<0.01).The p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios,as well as HIF-1α protein expression,were elevated(P<0.01).PKM2,LDHA,HK,and L-lactic acid levels were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the co-localization coefficient of LDHA with astrocytes was enhanced.Compared to the model group,the EA group of mice showed improved cognitive function.The hippocampal neurons had more intact structures,with a more uniform cell distribution.The average optical density of Aβ1-42 decreased(P<0.01),and the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios,as well as HIF-1α protein expression,decreased(P<0.01).PKM2,LDHA,HK,and L-lactic acid levels decreased(P<0.05),and the co-localization coefficient of LDHA with astrocytes significantly decreased(P<0.01).No significant improvement was observed in any of the indicators in the sham EA group compared with the EA group.Conclusion EA at"Shenshu"(BL23),"Baihui"(GV20),and"Zusanli"(ST36)ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice.The underlying mechanism may involve suppressing the overactivation of the hippocampal Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway,thereby downregulating key glycolytic enzyme activities and reducing abnormal lactate accumulation.Furthermore,the astrocytic glycolytic metabolic pathway may constitute a key therapeutic target for this intervention.

Objective To explore the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution,functional connectivity(FC)of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),and fluid intelligence in university students to elucidate the mind-body relationship from a modern perspective of TCM.Methods From October 2023 to December 2023,a total of 96 college students of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine were included,and Classification and Identification of Constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine:ZYYXH/T 157-2009,Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices(RAPM)and resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate TCM constitution,fluid intelligence,and FC of DLPFC.The differences in fluid intelligence between individuals with biased and balanced constitutions were compared using t-tests,and the associations among the TCM Constitution,RAPM score,and the FC between the left and right DLPFC were explored using partial correlation analysis.Results The tendency toward blood-stasis type and a dampness-heat type were positively correlated with the RAPM scores.College students with a tendency toward blood-stasis type exhibited significantly higher RAPM scores than those with a balanced constitution(P＜0.05).Additionally,significant negative correlations were observed between the tendencies toward blood-stasis and yin-deficiency types and the FC of the bilateral DLPFC.In contrast,a significant positive correlation was observed in individuals with balanced constitution tendencies.Conclusion The tendency toward blood-stasis type is associated with fluid intelligence levels and DLPFC functional activity in college students.This finding suggests that students with higher intelligence levels are more likely to exhibit blood-stasis type,highlighting the need for appropriate adjustments and interventions.