Many of aviation accidents are caused by human-related factors. Despite advancements in various fields related to aviation accidents caused by humanrelated factors continue. There are many unknown areas affecting aviation safety in the human factors of aviation workers, and the main task of aerospace medicine is to ensure aviation safety by appropriately managing these. Recently, with the development of the medical and aviation industries, related environments are rapidly developing and changing. In detail, it is necessary to modernize the aeromedical evaluation standards for air crews in line with international standards. As Korea is also pursuing space development, research on the space environment has also become necessary. Aviation medicine is an essential field that manages human factors in the field of aviation safety, and considering the public nature of aviation-related work, the nation's initial investment in the field of aerospace medicine must be a priority. To this end, it is necessary to establish a state-run aviation medical center and manage it under state leadership.

Many of aviation accidents are caused by human-related factors. Despite advancements in various fields related to aviation accidents caused by humanrelated factors continue. There are many unknown areas affecting aviation safety in the human factors of aviation workers, and the main task of aerospace medicine is to ensure aviation safety by appropriately managing these. Recently, with the development of the medical and aviation industries, related environments are rapidly developing and changing. In detail, it is necessary to modernize the aeromedical evaluation standards for air crews in line with international standards. As Korea is also pursuing space development, research on the space environment has also become necessary. Aviation medicine is an essential field that manages human factors in the field of aviation safety, and considering the public nature of aviation-related work, the nation's initial investment in the field of aerospace medicine must be a priority. To this end, it is necessary to establish a state-run aviation medical center and manage it under state leadership.

Many of aviation accidents are caused by human-related factors. Despite advancements in various fields related to aviation accidents caused by humanrelated factors continue. There are many unknown areas affecting aviation safety in the human factors of aviation workers, and the main task of aerospace medicine is to ensure aviation safety by appropriately managing these. Recently, with the development of the medical and aviation industries, related environments are rapidly developing and changing. In detail, it is necessary to modernize the aeromedical evaluation standards for air crews in line with international standards. As Korea is also pursuing space development, research on the space environment has also become necessary. Aviation medicine is an essential field that manages human factors in the field of aviation safety, and considering the public nature of aviation-related work, the nation's initial investment in the field of aerospace medicine must be a priority. To this end, it is necessary to establish a state-run aviation medical center and manage it under state leadership.

Many of aviation accidents are caused by human-related factors. Despite advancements in various fields related to aviation accidents caused by humanrelated factors continue. There are many unknown areas affecting aviation safety in the human factors of aviation workers, and the main task of aerospace medicine is to ensure aviation safety by appropriately managing these. Recently, with the development of the medical and aviation industries, related environments are rapidly developing and changing. In detail, it is necessary to modernize the aeromedical evaluation standards for air crews in line with international standards. As Korea is also pursuing space development, research on the space environment has also become necessary. Aviation medicine is an essential field that manages human factors in the field of aviation safety, and considering the public nature of aviation-related work, the nation's initial investment in the field of aerospace medicine must be a priority. To this end, it is necessary to establish a state-run aviation medical center and manage it under state leadership.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation (bcr-abl) called Philadelphia chromosome which plays a key role in the pathogenesis. Approximately 85% of patients with CML are in the chronic phase at the time of diagnosis. During this phase, patients are well tolerated and have few symptoms. But untreated, over the course of several years progresses to an accelerated phase and ultimately to a blast crisis, the terminal phase. CML is largely treated with targeted drug therapy called tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which have led to dramatically improved long-term survival rates since 2001. These drugs became standard treatment of this disease and allow most patients to have much better quality of life when compared to the former chemotherapy drugs and the bone marrow transplantation. Imatinib (Gleevec or Glivec, Norvatis) was the first of these TKIs and found to inhibit the progression of CML in the majority of patients (65%–75%) sufficiently to achieve remission. Since the advent of imatinib, CML has become the first neoplasm in which a medical treatment can give to the patient a normal life expectancy.

Purpose: The medical certification for pilots is required by the aviation safety authority based with the aviation safety act. Methods: In this study, aeromedical decision results according to aviation medical examination of the years from 2013 to 2015 were reviewed by retrospective analysis. Results: Data from a cumulative total of 19,459 cases were screened. Of these, 15% were determined to be fit with condition. Among them, 259 were diagnosed with cancer. The ratios by cancer type are as follows: the most common cancer was thyroid cancer (39.7%), followed by gastric cancer (12.1%), kidney cancer (7.9%), colorectal cancer (7.9%), skin cancer (7.9%), prostate cancer (7.5%), lymphoma/leukemia (5.9%), lung cancer (5.0%), head and neck cancer (2.5%), and other cancers (2.5%). Conclusion The number of aircrew with cancer tends to increase slightly every year.The most common cause of thyroid cancer seems to be due to excessive diagnostic activity.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) amended the upper age limit for commercial pilots in 2006 changing from 60 to 65 years old. Due to lack of skilled pilots, there is an increase in the number of senior pilots in active duty worldwide. Safety concerns are increasing as age of airline pilot increases and efforts are being made to determine whether airline pilots over the age of 60 pose a hazard to aviationsafety and whether risk assessment could replace age-based retirement. For aged pilots, incapacitation from medical reasons and gradual performance degradation are the main risk factors decaying safety. Cardiovascular incapacitation, although rare in the cockpit, the risk increases with age, but profiling of risk factor could identify pilots with substantial risk. Normal age-related cognitive changes have minimal impact on gradual performance degradation. If pilot is good above average health, training, and experience,he can fly until after age 65, Relationship between aviation safety and increased accident risk for over-60-year-old pilots has not been fully explored. By far, no study on aircraft safety has shown an increased accident risk for over-60-year-old pilots. With improved aeromedical certification test and adequate performance testing, a gradual increase of the retirement age to approximately age 70 would seem justified. In the future, a longitudinal database focusing on aged pilots should be established to validate medical tests for their ability to predict a pilot's accident risk. Aeromedical decision makers should consider the factors of age, health, and piloting experience and their interaction in the modern flightenvironment to ensure the maintenance of flight safety in aged airline pilots.

For nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery is indicated only for stage 3 as a curative measure. Even so, there is a high risk of recurrence following stage 3 lung cancer surgery, a third (33.9%) of patients experienced a cancer recurrence mostly within 2 years after surgery. The median survival time for all stages reaches only 21.9 months. For people undergoing surgery for stage 3A NSCLC, a pre-operative course of (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) can improve survival times, by improving the resectability and lowering the risk of recurrence. Pleural metastases are frequently associated with tumors of the lung and breast. Chest radiographs and computed tomography scans of pleural metastases can present as an effusion or smooth or nodular pleural thickening. In the absence of irregular or nodular pleural thickening, it is difficult to distinguish a benign from a malignant pleural effusion. To treat lung cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) recently have been used to cope with genetic mutations, apart from cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Compared to cytotoxic drugs, they are effective, have fewer side effects, and are easy to administer. Airman must have no cancer disease to apply for Class-I medical certification. Specifically, if previously operated on cancer, the cancer should not remain in the body at present, and the disease free state should persist at least one year after all kinds of anti-cancer treatments including adjuvant chemotherapy are completed. Here, this case deals with a 41-year-old pilot who has ATP license who had stage 3A NSCLC. The pilot underwent curative lung cancer surgery (lobectomy) a year ago and showed suspicious pleural metastasis at the time of his application for certification and was still using anunauthorized TKI agent alectinib (Alecensa; Roche, Basel, Switzerland).

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*