The increasing number of persons with dementia poses a serious threat to public health in an aging society. Efforts to curb the rising prevalence of dementia have directed attention to health promotion as a viable strategy for delaying dementia onset and maintaining cognitive function in later life. For the latter purpose, public recommendations were developed based on a systematic review of the literature. Significant lifestyle variables found to predict cognitive function and dementia in later life were physical activity, non-smoking, social activity, cognitive activity, moderate alcohol consumption, normal body weight (BMI), and healthy nutrition and diet (fish, vegetables, fruits, vitamin C and E, etc.). Cognitive health recommendations were developed and named PASCAL, an acronym for (1) Physical activity, (2) Anti-smoking, (3) Social activity, (4) Cognitive activity, (5) Alcohol drinking in moderation, and (6) Lean body mass and healthy diet. These recommendations can be used to educate the public and raise awareness in health professionals to the important role a healthy lifestyle plays in maintaining cognitive health in later life.
Aging ; Alcohol Drinking ; Ascorbic Acid ; Dementia ; Diet ; Fruit ; Health Occupations ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Vegetables

Multiple primary malignancy is called when two cancers occur independently in one individual. Multiple primary malignancy may be divided into two groups, synchronous or metachronous depending on the interval between their diagnosis. Synchronous cancer is diagnosed simultaneously or within an interval of 6 months and metachronous cancer at interval of more than 6 months. Since Billroth reported the first case of multiple primary malignancy, many cases have been reported partly owing to the advancement of diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities. The incidence of multiple primary malignancy tends to increase and it is fundamental that patients who have been treated for cancer receive a careful follow-up study. Here we report on a case of stage-IV advanced gastric cancer with stage-I renal cell carcinoma which was discovered during the staging procedure of gastric cancer. Both cancers were confirmed histologically and classified as gastric adeno-carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Obtaining brain tissue is critical to definite diagnosis and to furthering understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. The present authors have maintained the National Neuropathology Reference and Diagnostic Laboratories for Dementia in South Korea since 2016. We have built a nationwide brain bank network and are collecting brain tissues from patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We are aiming to facilitate analyses of clinic-pathological and image-pathological correlations of neurodegenerative disease and to broaden understanding thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited participants through two routes: from memory clinics and the community. As a baseline evaluation, clinical interviews, a neurological examination, laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests, and MRI were undertaken. Some patients also underwent amyloid PET. RESULTS: We recruited 105 participants, 70 from clinics and 35 from the community. Among them, 11 died and were autopsied. The clinical diagnoses of the autopsied patients included four with Alzheimer's disease (AD), two with subcortical vascular dementia, two with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia, one with leukoencephalopathy, one with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and one with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Five patients underwent amyloid PET: two with AD, one with mixed dementia, one with FTD, and one with CJD. CONCLUSION: The clinical and neuropathological information to be obtained from this cohort in the future will provide a deeper understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in Asia, especially Korea.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid ; Aphasia, Primary Progressive ; Asia ; Brain* ; Cognition Disorders ; Cohort Studies ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Diagnosis ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Humans ; Korea* ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuropathology ; Neuropsychological Tests