A clinical evaluation has been undertaken of 41 patients with urethral stricture who have been treated with visual urethrotomy in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during 3 years periods from 1983 to 1985. The over all success rate was 54%. The results were unrelated to the sites of the lesion, the causes of the stricture and the durations of the catheter drainage. However, the results of the obliterated strictures (12.5%) are more poor than the non-obliterated strictures (64%), and patients with nonobliterated stricture less than 2cm long had the best results (22%). The overall morbidity rate was 20%, six cases of false way, one case of incontinence, one case of penile hematoma. Twenty seven cases were followed up over 6 months and its success rate showed 44.4%.
Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Seoul ; Urethral Stricture ; Urology

Crohn's disease, a chronic relapsing, multisystemic, inflammatory disorder, may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract and shows a cobblestone-like appearance on intestinal mucosa. There are also extraintestinal features, including lesions of the skin, eye, and joints. Ulcers, fissures, sinus tracts, abscesses, and vegetant plaques have been reported for the perianal skin lesions of Crohn's disease. We experienced a case of Crohn's disease in a 21-year-old Korean female showing a skin lesion with a cobblestone-like appearance in the perianal region.
Abscess ; Crohn Disease* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Joints ; Skin* ; Ulcer ; Young Adult

Venous thromboembolic disease is a frequent complication after total hip arthroplasty. However, in Korea, the low incidence of deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty was reported. In this study, we present the results of 82 consecutive patients(90 hips) who had a cementless total hip replacement with a Anatomic Medullary Locking Component(AML: Depuy, Warsaw, Indiana, USA) between August 1995 and September 1996 at Inha University Hospital, Korea. Postoperatively, none of the patients were treated with any known prophylatic method for deep vein thrombosis except elastic stockings. Both preoperatively and six weeks after surgery, all patients were studied by an radiologist using a portable Doppler ultrasonic velocity detector with a transmission frequency of 5 megahertz. Contrast phlebography was also done in all patients at the same time as the Doppler ultrasound. In addition, coagulation assays, a complete blood count, blood typing, and serum chemical-profile tests were done for all patients. In comparing the results of these laboratory tests from the DVT group and from the non-DVT group, we found that only eight patients(9.8%) out of eighty-two patients had DVT after total hip arthroplasty. Thrombi were found in the superficial femoral vein in five cases and in the common femoral vein in three cases. Though two(2.4%) patients showed suspicious symptoms of pulmonary embolim, their perfusion lung scans were negative. The DVT group show a significantly shorter activated partial thromboplastin time than did the non-DVT group(P<0.05). In addition, the DVT group showed significantly higher serum total protein than the total protein level of the non-DVT group(P<0.01). In this two groups, there was no difference between the results of Doppler ultrasound and the results of contrast phlebography. Consequently, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement arthroplasty in Korean patients is significantly lower than incidence in patients from countries other than Korea. Doppler ultrasound was a non-invasive and the most reliable diagnostic technique for deep vein thrombosis.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indiana ; Korea ; Lung ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Perfusion ; Phlebography ; Stockings, Compression ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography* ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Venous Thrombosis*

To understand the expression of hoth TGF-beta l and II ligands and the receptors, artificial fracture was made on rat femur. Fracture callus and epiphyseul plate were stained immunohistochemically on 3rd. 7th, 14th, 21st, 42nd and 56th day after trauma. Polyclonal antibody was used to stain TGF-beta I and II ligands and receptors. At epiphyseal plate, both ligand and receptor were expressed from each cell in proliferating and maturing zone. But there was no difference between type I and II except expression time. TGF-beta II ligand and receptor were expressed earlier: they were expressed mostly by the cells at the zone of proliferating cartilage but TGF-beta1 ligand and receptor were expressed mostly hy the cells at zone of maturing cartilage. At fracture site, TGF-beta expression was observed from 3rd day after trauma and it reached its maximum intensity at 2 weeks. It decreased thereafter and disappeared at 6 weeks after trauma. In enchondral ossification area, TGF-beta expressing cells were scattered throughout the enchondral mass. In intramembranous ossification area, the ligands and receptors were expressed from the osteohlasts just heneath the periosteum. ln summary, TGF-beta ligands and receptors were expressed at epiphyseal plate and fracture callus. There was no difference between TGF-beta 1 and 2 expres.ion except the appearance time at epiphyseal plate. We could not draw any conclusion about ligand and rcceptor mechanism with this immunohistochemical staining.
Animals ; Bony Callus* ; Cartilage ; Femur ; Growth Plate* ; Ligands* ; Periosteum ; Rats ; Receptors, Artificial ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

The technique of synchronous pressure-flow studies requires the use of either a transurethral or a suprapubic catheter. Although the flow is impaired by the presence of catheter, the use of transurethral catheter can eliminate unnecessary cystostomy procedure. We evaluated the effect of urethral catheter on the roflow. The maximal and average urinary flow rates of healthy volunteer of 24 male and 7 female were measured in the presence and absence of a 5Fr. and 8Fr. urethral catheter. A comparison of these flow rates showed that those measured with the catheter in situ were lower than those in the absence of a catheter. There was an insignificant decrease in maximal flow rate(MFR) from 20.8+/-6.3(ml/sec) to 20.4+/-4.9 and 19.0+/-5.2 with 5Fr. and 8Fr. urethral catheter, respectively The average flow rate(AFR) was also decreased insignificantly from 10.7+/-3.8(ml/sec) to 9.5+/-2.3 and 8.8+/-2.3 with 5Fr. and 8Fr. urethral catheter, respectively. The followings are correlation formulae of AFR and MFR according to diameter of urethral catheter in situ. MFR=0.79xMFR(5Fr.) + 4.71 (R square=0.37), MFR=0.74xMFR (8Fr.) + 6.92 (R square=0.32), AFR=1.00xAFR(5Fr.) + 1.48 (R square=0.35), AFR=1.23xAFR(8Fr.) - 0.15 (R square=0.59) (MFR : maximal flow rate, AFR : average flow rate).
Catheters ; Cystostomy ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Catheters*

PURPOSE: We present a case with conjunctival inclusion cyst at inferior fornix treated by marsupialization. CASE SUMMARY: A 23-year-old woman visited our clinic complaining of left lower eyelid swelling. Ophthalmologic examination and CT scan showed a cystic mass from inferior conjunctival fornix to anterior orbit with shallow fornix and focal symblepharon. The cyst was effectively removed with marsupializaion. Postoperatively, there was no recurrence of cyst and the fornix was deepened. CONCLUSIONS: Marsupialization can be a considerable treatment option in conjunctival inclusion cyst, especially when accompanied by shallow fornix and symblepharon.
Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Orbit ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

This study intended to obtain an useful information on the prevalence of subjective symptoms, and to clarify the interrelationships between blood lead and lead related symptoms in low level lead exposure. The 93 male workers exposed to lead and 56 male nonexposed workers were examined for their blood lead (PBB), Zinc-protoporphy (ZPP), hemoglobin (HB) and personal history, and completed 15 questionnaires related to symptoms of lead absorption; also measured lead concentration in air (PBA) in the workplace. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin (HB) among workers exposed to lead were 26.1+/-8.8 microgram/dl, 28.3+/-26.0 microgram/dl and 16.2+/-1.2g/dl; whereas those of nonexposed workers were 18.7+/-5.1 microgram/dl, 20.6+/-8.7 microgram/dl and 17.3+/-1.1g/dl. The means of above three indicies between two groups showed significant difference statistically (p<0.05). 2. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin of workers exposed to different lead concentration in air were as follows; When it was below 25 microgram/m3 , the indices were 24.7+/-79, 26.1+/-26.8 microgram/dl and 16.4+/-1.1 g/dl respectively; These indices were 27.1+/-8.5, 23.9+/-10.92 /dl and 16.2+/-1.3 g/dl when the lead concentration in air was 25~50 microgram/m3; and they were 3.4+/-9.3, 42.3+/-31.3 microgram/dl and 15.5+/-1.2 g/dl when the concentration of lead was above 50 microgram/m3. Although there were statistical difference in blood lead and hemoglobin among three different lead concentration in air, there was no statistical difference of blood ZPP among the three groups with different exposure levels (p>0.05). 3. The most frequently by complained symptom was "Generalized weakness and fatigue", and fewest symptom was "Intermittent pains in abdomen". 4. Only two symptoms out of fifteen symptoms checked by themselves revealed significant difference between exposed and nonexposed groups. These were "Intermittent pains of abdomen" and "Joint pain or arthralgia" (p<0.05). No positive correlation was found between the levels of blood lead and symptom groups categorized as gastrointestinal, neuromuscular and constitutional symptoms. 5. Blood lead (r=0.3995) and ZPP (r=0.2837) showed statistically significant correlation with mean lead concentration in air, whereas correlations were not demonstrated between blood lead and lead related symptoms or blood ZPP and lead related symptoms. 6. Blood lead (PBB) and ZPP showed association (r=0.2466) and the equation PBB=23.75+0.0842 ZPP was derived. 7. On stepwise multiple regression, using blood lead level as a dependent variable and ZPP, hemoglobin (HB), age, work duration (WD) and symptom prevalence as a independent variables, only ZPP significantly contributed a lot to blood lead level. 8. While the ZPP measurement was found to be a good indicator in evaluating health effect of lead absorption in low level lead exposure, lead related symptoms were not sensitive enough to evaluate of lead absorption in low level exposure.
Absorption ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To analyze high-resolution CT findings(HRCT) of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomtosis(PLC) and to correlated the HRCT findings with the results of pulmonary function test(PFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Twenty eight patients with radiologically and clinically proved PLC, we retrospectively reviewed HRCT scans and PFT(N=12). PLC was classified by extent and distribution of metastatic nodules and interstitial thickenings on HRCT and the findings were correlated with the results of PFT and impairment of PFT according to the degree of FEVl(forced expiratory volume in one second). RESULTS: On the basis of distribution of PLC, HRCT findings showed 20 cases of peripheral type, 3 cases of central type, and 5 cases of mixed type. In the patients with PFT diffuse type was 10 cases and localized type was 2 cases. In diffuse types, the restrictive pattern occurred in 7 cases (p<0.05) and in localized types, restrictive pattern occurred in 2 cases. Marked impairment of vital capacity was shown as restrictive pattern in 7 cases all of which were diffuse type and were consisted of peripheral type in 4 cases and mixed type in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: HRCT findings of lymphangitic carcinomatosis correlated well the type and degree of impairment of PFT. Especially in diffuse type of lymphangitic carcinomatosis, the result of pulmonary function test were prominent restrictive patterns. Marked impairment of pulmonary function occurred in patients with diffuse type and types with peripheral interstitial thickening(periphral and mixed types).
Carcinoma* ; Humans ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vital Capacity

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Vaginosis, Bacterial*

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been suspected as a possible gene therapy candidate for orthopedic diseases. We demonstrated that the TGF-beta gene therapy can be applicable to orthopedic patients. After transfection of TGF-beta cDNA sequence to myoblasts [C2 (280)] and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3), stable cell lines with TGF-beta mRNA expression were selected by Northern analysis. To evaluate the possibility of clinical application of these cells to orthopedic diseases, the cells were injected into rabbit achilles tendon. Intratendinous injection was done to evaluate the viability of the cells and to determine the optimal concentration for in vivo expression. At 6 weeks after injection, the injected tendon was thickened with newly formed collagen. The results from this experiment indicates that these cells survived and stimulated matrix formation in rabbit achilles tendon. We concluded that TGF-beta cDNA transfected cells can be useful in the evaluation of TGF-beta biology in vivo.
Achilles Tendon* ; Biology ; Cell Line* ; Collagen ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibroblasts* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Myoblasts* ; Orthopedics ; RNA, Messenger ; Tendons ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*