No abstract available in English.
Diverticulum* ; Tracheobronchomegaly*

PURPOSE: To assess the role and efficacy of radiologic intervention in the adult patients with esophagobronchial fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiologic intervertion was performed in 4 patients with esophagobronchial fistula. We tried direct occlusion of fistula tract by glue(histoacylate 0.4cc + lipiodol 0.3cc) and coil in 2 patients and performed presurgical wire insertion by using 8F curved catheter via esophageal opening of fistula tract. The latter procedure was carled out to detect the fistula tract easily at operation. RESULTS: Direct occlusions of fistula tract by glue and coil were performed only to fail in 2 patients. Pre-surgical wire incertion by using 8F curred catheter under guidance of fluroscopy in 3 patients were helpful in detecting fistula tract at operation. CONCLUSION: Direct occlusion of the fistulous tract in esophagobronchial fistulas was ineffective. However, presur- gical wire insertion by using cured catheter under fluroscopy guidance is helpful to detect the fistula tract easily at operation.
Adhesives ; Adult* ; Catheters ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fistula* ; Humans

No abstract available.

Exogenous lipold pneumonia is an unusual disease resulting from aspiration of oil particles. A history of oil ingestion strongly suggests the diagnosis, but the radiological presentation varies from mild perihilar consolidation to diffuse and extensive bilateral involvement, particularly of the posterior basal segment of both lower lung(l). Since magnetic resonance(MR) provides greater contrast resolution than CT, it offers the potential for tissue characterization. In particular, fatty tissue and lipid containing substances are known to have high signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) images. We report MR findings in two case of exogenous lipold pneumonia caused by ingestion of shark liver oil(Squalene).
Adipose Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Liver ; Pneumonia* ; Sharks

PURPOSE: This study was done to comparatively analyze the general education curriculum of 4-yr and 3-yr nursing schools in Korea. METHODS: Ten university 4-yr nursing schools were selected based on universities in Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing 2010 or "2009 Korea's Best Universities-Top 10" published by Joong-Ang Daily. Ten college 3-yr nursing schools were selected based on colleges in Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing 2010. RESULTS: 1) Generally 4-yr nursing schools maintained the relationships between organizational philosophy/purposes and subjects in the general education curriculum. But 3-yr nursing schools did not. 2) In 4-yr nursing schools there was a relatively higher credits ratio of general education curriculum and selective courses than in 3-yr nursing schools. 3) In 4-yr nursing schools variety of courses was relatively higher than 3-yr nursing schools. 4) In 4-yr nursing schools, operating conditions were relatively better (number of tenure professors, ratio of professors to students, Identification of exclusive organization in charge of the general education curriculum) for the general education curriculum than 3-yr nursing schools. CONCLUSION: The results identify significant differences in the general education curriculum of 4-yr and 3-yr nursing schools in Korea, indicating that 3-yr nursing schools should make efforts to improve the good quality of general education curriculum.
*Curriculum ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/*standards/trends ; Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs/*standards/trends ; Humanities/*education ; Humans ; Nursing Education Research ; Republic of Korea

The health-related habits dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of the elderly living in Cheongju were investigated by interviews with a questionnaire from August to September in 1996. The responses of 169 free-living elderly aged over 65(male 91, female 78) were analyzed. Thirty-six percent of the subjects smoked currently, 33%, drank alcoholic beverages, and 52% exercise regularly. Exercise was mostly in the from of walking for 1/2-1 hour. Significantly higher proportions of males smoked, drank, and exercised as compared to females. Food groups eaten at every meal were examined on a 5-point scale, and the consumption scores were compared with groups according to sex, age, smoking, drinking, and exercise habits. The elderly who exercised regularly got significantly higher scores in their calcium intakes and the variety of the 6 food groups than the elderly who did not exercise. The dietary assessment data showed that the energy intakes of males and females were 81.9% and 72.8% of the RDAs, respectively. The proportions of the elderly consuming less than 75% of RDAs of vitamin A and calcium were 96.5% and 91.1% of the total subjects, respectively. Higher educational status, more pocket money and regular exercise had positive effects on nutrient intakes, while smoking and drinking among females, but not males, had negative effects. Therefore, to improve nutritional status of the elderly, intake of vitamin A-and calcium-rich food such as milk with regular exercise should be emphasized on the education program.
Aged* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Beverages ; Calcium ; Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Drinking ; Education ; Educational Status ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Milk ; Nutritional Status* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins ; Walking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The alterations in the localization of keratinocyte membrane glycoconjugates in allergic contact dermatitis were investigated in guinea pig skin treated with topical application of 2.4-dinitro-chlorobenzene. We employed the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method for the detection of localization of 10 commercially available lectins labelled with biotin: Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA-1, RCA-1, PNA, HP, MPA, and ECA. Staining with WGA showed a remarkably decreased intensity in basal and spinous layers of the allergic skin in comparison to those of the control skin, suggesting loss of terminal sialic acids in cell membrane glycoconjugates. The other lectins showed no remarkable difference in the staining patterns between the normal and the allergic ski. The results suggest that epidermal cell membrane glycoconjugates undergoes selective perturbations in acute allergic contact dermatitis, and that the keratinocytes might be an active part of the cutaneous immune system.

BACKGROUND: Hospital infection surveillance is a dynamic process for gathering, managing, analyzing, reporting and re-evaluating the data. Recently there has been an increased awareness of the importance of hospital infection surveillance and management program in Korea. The most ideal way among the hospital infection surveillance systems is known to be the "reference method". In this method all hospital patient records and charts are reviewed and the infected patient are investigated in daily basis. However it requires enormous efforts to apply this method in hospitals with limited personnel resources. Although the number of the hospital having full-time hospital infection control nurses has been increased considerably in Korea the effective hospital control programs have not been established yet in most hospitals owing to the lack of full-time hospital infection control nurses. Nevertheless it became indispensable to develop an alternative hospital infection surveillance program that is readily available. This study was carried out to investigate epidemiologic characteristics, and assess the efficiency and validity of ward liaison surveillance method for nosocomial infection surveillance in a general hospital without full-time infection control nurses. METHOD: During the period of the study, from March 1 to March 31, 2000, cases of hospital infection collected by two different methods, reference method and ward liaison nurse surveillance, were compared. The validity of ward liaison surveillance data was examined using the data collected by the reference method as gold standard. RESULT: In the data collected by the reference method, 94 cases of hospital infection were identified whereas 83 cases by the ward liaison nurses. The incidence rate of hospital infection was 9.5% during one month; the incidence rates were higher in males (12.6%) than female (6.7%) and in age group of 50s. The incidence rates by ward were 38.8% in intensive care unit, 45.5% in neurosurgery, 18.6% in neurology ward, 12.8% in internal medicine, 10.6% in orthopedic ward, and 8.6% in general surgery. Sites of hospital infection in the order of decreasing frequency were urinary tract (24.8/1000 discharge patients), lung (22.2), wound (18.2), and other respiratory systems (15.2). The type of microorganisms isolated were 16: three gram-positive bacteria, eleven gram-negatives and two fungi. Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated organism, 21 strains, among which 17 strains were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (only one strain was sensitive to methicillin) and three strains were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seventeen strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from pneumonia, urinary tract, and wound. Escherichia. coli, Serratia marcencecs, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were also isolated. There were twenty-two specimens that revealed no growth of any organisms. In the ward liaison nurse surveillance method, the number of false positive hospital infection was eleven cases and the false negative was 22 cases. The validity evaluated by four different measurements were sensitivity 76,7%, specificity 98.7%, positive predicted value 86.7%, negative predicted value 97.5%. Thus the ward liaison nurse surveillance method was shown to be a valid method with high efficiency. The false positive and false negative cases were mainly occurred by the deficient knowledge in the definition of hospital infection, and deficient skills of investigating the patient's symptoms and clinical course; the liaison nurses had not checked all the surgical site resulting in low sensitivity in surgical site infection. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the epidemiologic characteristic of hospital infection in this particular community hospital studied was not much different from other study results; the incidence rate of hospital infection for one month was 9.5%. On the other hand the ward liaison nurse surveillance method was shown to be satisfactory in detecting hospital infection. This could be a useful method for hospitals without full-time infection control nurses. Furthermore, the validity of this method could be improved by accumulation of the knowledge and skills on hospital infection surveillance through a well planned on-the-job training program for the nurses.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Candida albicans ; Cross Infection* ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Escherichia ; Female ; Fungi ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Hand ; Hospitals, Community ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Inservice Training ; Intensive Care Units ; Internal Medicine ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Neurology ; Neurosurgery ; Orthopedics ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Respiratory System ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serratia ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Urinary Tract ; Wounds and Injuries

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dispatched nursing, a type of private nursing called Hasutsu, during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. This specialized and professional nursing was a form of a dispatched nursing service provided by nurses associations. Methods: This study reviewed a literature on visiting nursing, a literature on dispatched nursing, focusing on data collected during the Japanese colonial period from August 1910 to August 1945. Study design was a document research study of historical records. Results: The dispatched nursing service was established by the Japanese nurses in Korea. More than 60 nurses associations operated to meet the demands in the modern Korean nursing period. It was found that some associations tried to raise the nursing fees. Also, the practice of employing visiting nurses who did not have a license was criticized severely in the newspapers. Considering that the data was limited in this study, the existence of Korean nurses association employing Korean visiting nurses has not been specifically identified. Conclusion The findings reveal some aspects of dispatched nursing provided by the nurses associations in that era. The nurses associations developed their own specialized service independently by dispatching nurses to fulfill the needs of people not only with cheaper nursing fares than hospitals but with convenient nursing care services, including customized care for infectious diseases. A study of modern historical records of Korean nurses would facilitate deeper research into Korean nursing history.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dispatched nursing, a type of private nursing called Hasutsu, during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. This specialized and professional nursing was a form of a dispatched nursing service provided by nurses associations. Methods: This study reviewed a literature on visiting nursing, a literature on dispatched nursing, focusing on data collected during the Japanese colonial period from August 1910 to August 1945. Study design was a document research study of historical records. Results: The dispatched nursing service was established by the Japanese nurses in Korea. More than 60 nurses associations operated to meet the demands in the modern Korean nursing period. It was found that some associations tried to raise the nursing fees. Also, the practice of employing visiting nurses who did not have a license was criticized severely in the newspapers. Considering that the data was limited in this study, the existence of Korean nurses association employing Korean visiting nurses has not been specifically identified. Conclusion The findings reveal some aspects of dispatched nursing provided by the nurses associations in that era. The nurses associations developed their own specialized service independently by dispatching nurses to fulfill the needs of people not only with cheaper nursing fares than hospitals but with convenient nursing care services, including customized care for infectious diseases. A study of modern historical records of Korean nurses would facilitate deeper research into Korean nursing history.