The range of acetabular cup and femoral prosthesis according to the different angle of insertion has been reported by many investigators. But no reports are still avairable about the surface area of the exposed femoral head at the position causing unstability of the femoral head. So the authors had studied the 3 types of prosthesis of Charnley, Muller and Mckee-Farrar and their acetabular cup by inserting them at different angles into the 10 human cadavaric skeleton to obtain the most stable position of the prosthesis and to calculate the surface area of the femoral head at the stable position. The result obtained are as follows. 1. In. Flexion: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 78% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 41% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prothesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 15 of acetabular retroversion. 2. In Abduction: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 86.5% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 50% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Muller prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. 3. In External Rotation: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 85. 8% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prostbesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. The minimum stability is 46% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 30 of acetabular inclination and acetabular neutral version. 4. There was no relationship between the degree of range of the femoral prosthesis & acetabular cup and the amount of the surface area of the exposed femoral head when dislocated.
Acetabulum ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Research Personnel ; Skeleton

The diagnosis of osteosarcoma is based on both clinical, rediological and histopathological findings, but the majority of the patients with osteosarcoma can be diagnosed with a reasonable degree of confidence from the appearance of the lesion on the plain X-ray film. The combination of soft tissue mass and calcification, increased intramedullary radiodensity, cortical bone destruction,and marked periosteal reaction such as Codmans triangle and sunburst reaction is the radiographic hallmark of osteosarcoma, Among the above mentioned radiological findings, the presence of soft tissue mass with calcification can be so strongly suspected to be nearly diagnostic on the X- ray examination alone. The author performed radiological analysis of 40 cases of osreosarcoma which was experienced at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University including other hospitals from 1975 to 1980 and particulary observed correlation between the soft tissue mass with calcification and other radiological findings. The results obtained as follow: 1. Of the 40 cases, soft tissue mass with calcification were observed in 32 cases(80%), cortical destruction in 31 cases(77.5%), periosteal reaction in 24 cases(60%), sunburst reaction in 23 cases(57%) and Codmans triangle in 21 cases were observed. 2. Of the 40 cases, 23 cases(57.5%) were osteoblastic, 12 cases(30%) of osteolytic and 5 cases(12.5%) of mixed type. 3. The shadow of soft tissue mass with calcification was observed 11 cases(91.7%) among 12 cases of osteolytic type, 28 cases(91%) among 31 cases of cortical destruction, 21 cases(87.5%) among 24 cases of periosteal reaction, 20 cases(86.9%) among 23 cases of sunburst reaction and 18 cases (85.7%) among 21 cases of Codmans triangle.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Orthopedics ; Osteoblasts ; Osteosarcoma ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVES: Children with post-injury attention deficit disorder (ADD) exhibit deficiencies in academic functioning, social skills, and self-control, that are comparable to developmental attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The similarities and differences of the two conditions have to be studied because some children with traumatic brain injury have shown premorbid ADD and seem to be less responsive to psychostimulants. METHODS: Characteristics of cognition and attention of post-injury ADD (n=12) and developmental ADHD (n=12) boys were investigated by administering KEDI-WISC and Visual and Auditory TOVA. RESULTS: No differences in KEDI-WISC subtests were found between two diagnostic groups. Post-injury ADD boys show lower commission error (lower impulsivity) in visual and auditory TOVA, and lower variability of reaction time (higher information-processing consistency) in auditory TOVA than developmental ADHD boys (p<0.05, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Post-injury ADD and developmental ADHD are different in their attention components suggestively, which warrants further study for differential diagnosis and proper treatment.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Brain Injuries ; Child* ; Cognition ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Reaction Time

PURPOSE: Prognostic factors of coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease have been investigated in many studies. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with early and late coronary artery outcomes in treated patients with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: A total of 392 patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease from January 2012 to December 2015 in Pusan National University Children’s Hospital were retrospectively selected as subjects of the present study to determine risk factors for coronary aneurysms and persistence of coronary aneurysms after a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Coronary aneurysms were detected in 30 of 392 patients within 1 month after the occurrence of Kawasaki disease. Coronary aneurysms persisted in 5 of 30 patients after a 1-year follow-up. A long duration of fever (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.02; P=0.018) and high platelet count (adjusted OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00–1.01; P=0.009) were found to be independent factors to predict the development of coronary aneurysms in the early phase. Initial coronary severity (adjusted OR, 46.0; 95% CI, 2.01–1047.80; P=0.016) and a high white blood cell count (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01–1.36; P=0.028) were found to be significant factors for the persistence of late coronary aneurysms in univariate analysis. However, no significant factors were found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These data are from early and late follow-up of coronary aneurysms in our unit. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms involved in the disappearance of coronary aneurysms and related factors.
Busan ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Vessels ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective: The Block Design Test (BDT) is known to be an effective measure in diagnosing age-related cognitive decline of visuospatial function. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of age, education years, and gender on the performance of the BDT and to provide normative data in Korean community-dwelling participants who are 55 to 90 years old. Methods: The participants were 432 non-demented adults aging from 55 to 90 years old. The BDT was administered to participants according to its manual. Multiple linear regressions and analyses of variance were conducted, including age, gender, and educations were used as covariates. Results: Age, educational years, and gender were found to be significantly associated with performance on the BDT. As age increased, BDT performance decreased. Educational years were associated with BDT performance. Men showed higher performance (29.9±10.3) compare to women (26.1±8.7). The BDT is influenced by age, educational years, and gender. Conclusion Unlike the previous study, the current study shows that gender has a significant influence in visuospatial ability in the old population. Present normative data will be useful for clinicians in evaluating aging participants with cognitive impairment.

Objective: The Block Design Test (BDT) is known to be an effective measure in diagnosing age-related cognitive decline of visuospatial function. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of age, education years, and gender on the performance of the BDT and to provide normative data in Korean community-dwelling participants who are 55 to 90 years old. Methods: The participants were 432 non-demented adults aging from 55 to 90 years old. The BDT was administered to participants according to its manual. Multiple linear regressions and analyses of variance were conducted, including age, gender, and educations were used as covariates. Results: Age, educational years, and gender were found to be significantly associated with performance on the BDT. As age increased, BDT performance decreased. Educational years were associated with BDT performance. Men showed higher performance (29.9±10.3) compare to women (26.1±8.7). The BDT is influenced by age, educational years, and gender. Conclusion Unlike the previous study, the current study shows that gender has a significant influence in visuospatial ability in the old population. Present normative data will be useful for clinicians in evaluating aging participants with cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein is a substance that elevates when there is an abnormal metabolic reaction or inflammatory condition. Some researchers in Korea reported different results about the association between smoking and CRP. In this study, the relationship between CRP and various smoking characteristics among Korean men was investigated. METHODS: A data was analyzed in healthy men, who had visited a health promotion center in a university hospital from September, 2003, to December, 2003. CRP was quantitatively analyzed by high sensitivity-CRP. Elevated CRP (> or =2.2 mg/L) level in relation to various smoking characteristics were studied and multiple logistic regression analysis for elevated CRP (> or =2.2 mg/L) level was conducted. RESULTS: The number of current smokers was 893, past smokers 550, and non-smokers 413. The association between smoking status, daily smoking amount, duration of smoking (P=0.031, P=0.003, P=0.034) and elevated CRP level was shown by chi-square test. After multiple logistic regression analysis for risk factors, elevated CRP level was shwon to be associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, body fat percentage, WBC count and HDL-cholesterol. The odds ratios for elevated CRP level by smoking amount were 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.11~4.85) in those who smoked 10~19 cigarettes per day, 3.54 (95% confidence interval 1.64~7.63) in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day compared to those who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: Among current smokers, elevated CRP level was associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, This is the first study to report the relationship between CRP and smoking behaviors among Korean men.
Adipose Tissue ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

Objective: ：The available normative data for the phonemic fluency test in Korean older adults have concerns for its utility. The aim of the currently study is to provide the normative data that overcome the issues of the previous norms. Methods: ：Total of 443 middle- and old-aged non-demented adults participated in this study. All participants underwent comprehensive assessments conducted by trained psychiatrists and psychologists. Diagnosis was made based on formal guidelines prior to administering the phonemic fluency test. Results: ：The norms on two age groups (50-59 and 60-90 years) with different strata of the education levels for the age groups are provided. Conclusion ：The goal of the current study, which was to overcome the shortcomings of the previously published normative data and establish an updated reference for the Korean version of the phonemic fluency test, is achieved.

The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a characteristic response to inflammation and can be inhibited with sodium salicylate. TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma can induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), IKK, IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition of the ERK pathway with selective inhibitor, PD098059, blocked cytokine-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 release. Salicylate treatment inhibited COX-2 expression induced by TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma and regulated the activation of ERK, IKK and I kappaB degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Furthermore, antioxidants such as catalase, N-acetyl-cysteine or reduced glutathione attenuated COX-2 expression in combined cytokines-treated cells, and also inhibited the activation of ERK, IKK and NF-kappaB in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. In addition, TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma stimulated ROS release in the osteoblasts. However, salicylate had no obvious effect on ROS release in DCFDA assay. The results showed that salicylate inhibited the activation of ERK and IKK, IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation independent of ROS release and suggested that salicylate exerts its anti-inflammatory action in part through inhibition of ERK, IKK, IkappaB, NF-kappaB and resultant COX-2 expression pathway.
Antioxidants ; Catalase ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Dinoprostone ; Glutathione ; Inflammation ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; NF-kappa B* ; Osteoblasts* ; Phosphotransferases ; Sodium Salicylate ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha