No abstract available.
Memory*

This study was conducted to investigate physiological characteristics of Trichoderma spp. isolated from Pleurotus spp. Damage tests of Pleurotus spp. and mycotoxins tests of Trichoderma spp. were also done. The optimal growth temperature of Trichoderma spp. was 27~30degrees C. Although, T. longibrachiatum was able to grow at 37degrees C and grew 30~40 times faster than Pleurotus. The colony colour on PDA medium of T. cf. virens was yellowish green, T. longibrachiatum was yellow, and T. harzianum was turning to bright green. In damage tests of Pleurotus by Trichoderma, T. cf. virens caused the most severe damage to Pleurotus. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum caused less damage on Pleurotus but were able to cause greater damage to P. eryngii. One of the mushroom cultivars, P. ostreatus 8 was the most resistant to all Trichoderma spp.. Chitinolytic mycotoxin released by Trichoderma spp. caused 52.7% damage to Pleurotus. Mycotoxins released by T. longibrachiatum caused the greatest damaged (78.6%) on P. eryngii.
Agaricales ; Fungi* ; Mycotoxins ; Ostreidae* ; Pleurotus* ; Trichoderma

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: Perinatal asphyxia occurring in newborn is one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in survivors. We have studied the relationship between early electroencephalography(EEG) findings and clinical course and neurologic outcome in severe asphyxiated neonates. METHODS: Between the period of July 1999 and June 2002, 25 neonates who were diagnosed with severe perinatal asphyxia(1-minute Apgar score of < or =3 and initial pH is less than 7.2) at NICU in Dongsan Medical Center were enrolled. An EEG was recorded and analyzed within three days of life and divided into two groups - group 1(normal or focal change on EEG) and group 2(generalized abnormal EEG). Between the two groups, clinical courses and neurologic outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Fifteen infants(60%) were group 1 and ten infants(40%) were group 2(polyspikes, burst- suppression, generalized low voltage). Associated maternal disease, days of hospitalization, need for ventilator support, delay of oral feeding and convulsion duration are significantly higher and longer in group 2. Also, poor neurologic outcome(expire, developmental delay) was significantly higher in group 2(60%) than group 1(13.3%). CONCLUSION: Thus, the early neonatal EEG in asphyxiated newborn can be a predictable diagnostic tool in assessment of neurologic outcome.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Electroencephalography ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mortality ; Seizures ; Survivors ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Prostatic carcinoma continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men. Unfortunately, most patients with prostatic carcinoma present to the clinician with established disseminated disease. Earlier detection of prostatic carcinoma is essential of the number of potentially curable patients is to be increased. It is the purpose of this study evaluated a screening program for the early detection of carcinoma of the prostate by transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology. A total of 52 transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology of the prostate compared with histological diagnosis by operation in 41 patients with abnormal prostate by digital rectal examination. Of the 51 prostatic aspirations that could be given a definite cytologic diagnosis, there was histological correlation in 43. The sensitivity was 84.0 percent, specificity 81.5 percent. The false negative rate was 15.4 percent, false positive rate 12.5 percent. There was no apparent complication by transrectal aspiration of the prostate. Our results suggest that transrectal fine needle aspiration of the prostate is an easily performed, diagnostically reliable procedure without complication.
Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Prostate* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma appears to be a distinct and rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic gross and microscopic features. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma should be separated from multilocular cyst, multilocular cystic nephroma, and renal cell carcinoma with cystic degeneration. We present a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. A 61-year-old man presented with right flank pain for 4 years. The computerized tomography revealed multilocular cystic mass in the upper pole of right kidney. The cystic mass measured 4.5x4 cm. The cyst was multilocular and locules not communicated with each other. The solid area was not present. Microscopically, the locules were lined by flat or cuboidal neoplastic clear cells. The clear cells were focally aggregated in the septa. The nephron was not present in the septa.
Male ; Humans ; Cysts

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on the clinical, radiographic outcome of surgical peridontal therapy. The outcome of periodontal surgery was evaluated in 51 systemically healthy subjects that had received maintenance care. The study subjects consisted of 26 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The average age of smoking patients was 51 years old and non-smoking patients was 48 years old. Changes of probing pocket depth(PPD) and radiographic bone height, and number of missing teeth compared between smokers and non-smokers during maintenance period after surgical therapy. The clinical parameters were less favorable in the smoking group compared with non-smoking group. The number and percentage of missing teeth were greater in smokers(21.6%) than non- smokers(12.4%), especially in molars. The mean presurgery PPD was similar in smokers and non-smokers, molars and premolars, but significantly decreased at least 2 years after surgery. The mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in nonsmokers than smokers. Both in the smoking and non-smoking group, the mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in premolars than molars. The radiographical evaluation was also less favorable in the smoking group than non-smoking group. The radiographic evaluation of bone height in smokers showed bone loss. On the contrary, bone height of nonsmokers showed bone gain during the period of maintenance. But there was no significant difference between molars and premolars. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the smoking group was less favorable than those of the nonsmoking group. Therefore, smoking seems to influence on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical periodontal therapy.

Since the introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) has been performed in limited cases of the patients requiring a stone procedure. The roles of PNL in the era of ESWL were reviewed through analysis of 86 patients treated with PNL. From July 1987 to December 1994, 86 patients(89 renal units) underwent percutaneous extraction of renal or upper ureteral stone. From July 1987 to January 1990, PNL was performed as the first choice for the treatment of 69 cases out of 119 renal or upper ureteral stone, and PNL was done in 58.0% (69/119) of the cases. From February 1990 to December 1994 when ESWL was available at our hospital, PNL was done in 20 cases of ESWL resistant stone or large volume stone, and PNL was done in 1.5%(20/1,362) of renal or upper ureteral stone. In the era of ESWL in our hospital, ESWL were performed in 94.5% of renal or upper ureteral stone, open surgery in 3.0%, PNL in 1.5% and conservative treatment in 1.0%. Initial success rate of PNL was 86.9%(60/69 cases) and subsequently when ESWL was available at our hospital, it became 95.0%(19/20 cases), probably due to accumulated experiences. Subsequently decreased complications of PNL such as persistent urinary leakage, prolonged hematuria, ureteral perforation and paralytic ileus. Though the introduction of ESWL in our hospital also brought about dramatic ally decreased use of PNL, PNL continues to have a primary role in the management of renal or upper ureteral stone in limited cases such as patients refusing ESWL, ESWL resistant stone or large volume stone.
Hematuria ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Lithotripsy* ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Shock* ; Ureter