PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of person-organization value congruence between the authentic leadership of head nurses and the organizational citizenship behavior perceived by hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants were 211 nurses working in 3 general hospitals located in C-city, in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlations and structural equation model (SEM) with the PASW 24 and AMOS 24 program. RESULTS: Authentic leadership of head nurses had a statistically significant positive correlation with person-organization value congruence (r=.34, p < .001). Also, authentic leadership of head nurses (r=.50, p < .001), and person-organization value congruence (r=.62, p < .001) showed a statistically significant positive correlation with organizational citizenship behavior. There was a partial mediating effect of person-organization value congruence between authentic leadership of head nurse and organizational citizenship behavior perceived by hospital nurses (χ2=205.78, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nurse managers need to improve the person-organization value congruence and authentic leadership of head nurses to reinforce organizational citizenship behavior of nurses in human resource management.
Head* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Negotiating ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing, Supervisory*

Authors studied the workers' knowledge about the health problems detected through the previous workers' periodic health examination, content of follow-up management and actions taken for their health problem detected on previous health examination. From June to September 1992, workers' periodic health examination was performed on workers employed in 10 companies located in 2 middle-sized Korean cities. A questionnaire survey was done for 150 workers who reported to have D2 result of either hypertension or liver disorder at the previous workers' periodic health examination done in 1991. The results are as follows; 1. Of 160 workers who had D2 result of either hypertension or liver disorder in previous examination one year before, only 85 workers(51.3%, 43 workers with hypertension, 38 workers with live disorder) responded that they have such disorders. The other 65 workers responded to questionnaire were all those with C results. Respondents' knowledge about their diagnoses was relatively precise (95.2% in hypertension group, 94.6% in liver disorder group) but knowledge about classification of diseases was poor. 2. The main efforts to solve the health problem was self management (26 spells, 55.3%), visiting clinic or hospital (6 spells, 12.8%), use of herb medicine (2 spells, 4.3%) and use of drug store (2 spells, 4.3%) in hypertension group. In liver disorder group, 30 spells (71.4%) relied on self management, 6 spells (14.3%) on hospital or clinic and 9 spells (21.4%) had no effort to improve the health problem. Content of self management was low salt diet, quit smoking, regular exercise and quit alcohol drinking in order. Avoidance of salt in diet was high in hypertension group and quitting alcohol drinking was high in liver disorder group. In those with self management, 80.7% of hypertension group and 83.3% of liver disorder group continued previous effort. Those, however, who utilized clinic or hospital, only 16.7% and 50.0% were still visiting hospital or clinic. 3. Fifty seven percent of hypertension group and 64.3% of liver disorder group was presently smoking, 8.5% and 11.9% reduced smoking and 21.3% and 14.3% stopped smoking. Forty nine percent of hypertension group and 28.6% of liver disorder group was presently drinking. Reduced alcohol intake was reported in 29.8% and 40.5%, 12.8% and 23.8% stopped alcohol drinking. Sixty six percent of hypertension group and 73.8% of liver disorder group did no regular exercise, but 12.8% and 11.9% of each group increased their physical exercise for last one year. Forty three percent of hypertension group and 38.1% of liver disorder group was overweight (defined by bodymass index greater or equal than 25). Reduced body weight was reported in 17.2% and 16.7% of each group. Reduced dietary salt intake was high in hypertension group (51.5%). The study results suggest that follow-up management after workers' periodic health examination is not satisfactory. In order to improve this situation, adequate information on the result of the workers' periodic health examination should be distributed to each worker group with health education and counselling.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Weight ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Drinking ; Exercise ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Hypertension ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Overweight ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Care ; Smoke ; Smoking

Exogenous lipold pneumonia is an unusual disease resulting from aspiration of oil particles. A history of oil ingestion strongly suggests the diagnosis, but the radiological presentation varies from mild perihilar consolidation to diffuse and extensive bilateral involvement, particularly of the posterior basal segment of both lower lung(l). Since magnetic resonance(MR) provides greater contrast resolution than CT, it offers the potential for tissue characterization. In particular, fatty tissue and lipid containing substances are known to have high signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) images. We report MR findings in two case of exogenous lipold pneumonia caused by ingestion of shark liver oil(Squalene).
Adipose Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Liver ; Pneumonia* ; Sharks

Here we report a case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection of the gastric and pancolonic mucosa in a 79-year-old female with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Endoscopic biopsies were performed in gastric antrum, cecum, distal ascending colon, and hepatic flexure of the colon. On microscopic examination, there were many adult worms, larvae and eggs in the gastric and colonic mucosa. Worms, larvae, and eggs were located in the crypts and within the lumen of the crypts. The body wall of the adult worm was composed of cuticle and a weak muscle layer. A routine stool examination failed to detect larvae or ova. Based on the histopathologic examination, these parasites were confirmed as S. stercoralis.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Cecum ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Eggs ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscles ; Ovum ; Paraproteinemias ; Parasites ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach ; Strongyloides stercoralis ; Strongyloidiasis

Here we report a case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection of the gastric and pancolonic mucosa in a 79-year-old female with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Endoscopic biopsies were performed in gastric antrum, cecum, distal ascending colon, and hepatic flexure of the colon. On microscopic examination, there were many adult worms, larvae and eggs in the gastric and colonic mucosa. Worms, larvae, and eggs were located in the crypts and within the lumen of the crypts. The body wall of the adult worm was composed of cuticle and a weak muscle layer. A routine stool examination failed to detect larvae or ova. Based on the histopathologic examination, these parasites were confirmed as S. stercoralis.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Cecum ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Eggs ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscles ; Ovum ; Paraproteinemias ; Parasites ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach ; Strongyloides stercoralis ; Strongyloidiasis

This study was carried out for three years from 1968 to 1970. Three coastal villages and four remote islets of Che Ju Island were surveyed and 90% of all inhabitants were blood smeared. These study areas were grouped into five according to its characteristic for evaluation of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate (Hetrazan U.S.P.) and insecticide spray in control of human filariasis. To set baseline up for control group, placebo was administered. Followings are the results obtained: 81.1% of all mf positives accepted and completed the mass chemotherapy; main reason for refusal was side reactions told by neighboring villagers who experienced them. 6 mg of hetrazan/kg B.W. x 12 doses given every day turned mf postives to mf negative in 92.1%. The patients who had high mf density remained mf positive in 16.5% whereas only 2.1% for low mf density. 73.8% of mf positives after the treatment showed marked decrease in mf density. Most of them to less than 15n mg/20 mm(3) of blood that can not infect mosquito effectively. Mosquito infection rates were also dropped markedly in areas where mf positive were mass treated. Side reaction induced by diethylcarbamazine was frequent(64%-90%) and various. The most frequent symptom was headache and fever. DDT spray did not influence human mf rate and mosquito infection rate.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; chemotherapy-diethylcarbamazine citrate ; epidemiology ; Brugia malayi ; filariasis ; diethylcarbamazine citrate

PURPOSE: This study was attempted to provide basic data required to develop community-base rehabilitation program for disabled persons at home by investigating their characteristics, ADL, and perceived health status. METHOD: The subjects were 146 disabled persons at home in rural areas. Data were collected from January 22 to January 31, 2004. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, minimums, maximums, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Contingency coefficient, Pearson's correlation, Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The average score of ADL was 5.51+/-1.92: sphincter control (5.85+/-2.10), communication (5.66+/-2.02), transfers (5.67+/-2.21), self care (5.44+/-2.05), social cognition (5.33+/-2.08), and locomotion (4.85+/-2.32). This means that the respondents were in the state of dependence. The main items requiring others' help were 'bathing' (57.7%) and 'going up and down stairs' (51.1%). ADL was significantly different according to age, gender, occupation, medical fee payer, type, severity and duration of disability, BMI, and alcohol drinking. Among the respondents, 82.8% perceived that their health status was bad. Main factors influencing the perceived health status of disability were age and ADL(R2=.343). CONCLUSION: Perception of health status among the disabled is related to their characteristics and ADL, so it is necessary to develop community-base rehabilitation programs in order to improve ADL and the perception of health status.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cognition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disabled Persons* ; Fees, Medical ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Occupations ; Rehabilitation ; Self Care

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the needs of health & community services among the disabled at home in rural areas. METHODS: The subjects were 146 persons with disabilities living in J-gun. The questionnaire was based on the needs of 8 categorical services. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 27.4% visited the public health center in community for rehabilitation therapy. The average score of need was 2.62+/-.79: education services (2.92+/-1.05); medical services (2.81+/-.82); nursing care services (2.75+/-1.08); connection services (2.62+/-1.20); housing services (2.60+/-1.09); emotional services (2.41+/-1.03); other services (2.24+/-1.06); and support of self-sustenance service (1.92+/-1.15). The items in highest need were medical checkup (70.7%), medication (62.1%), traditional oriental therapy (60.4%) and physical therapy (58.9%), and those of lowest need were device repair (8.7%) and guidance of facility admission (7.1%). Needs were significantly different according to age (F=4.751, p=.001), employment status (t=2.108, p=.037) and medical fee payer (F=5.061, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The needs of education & medical services were relatively high. Demographic factors were statistically significant in determining needs. For the disabled at home in rural areas, more various services or programs should be executed based upon the needs and characteristics of based upon the needs and characteristics of the subjects.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Demography ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Employment ; Fees, Medical ; Health Services ; Housing ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Public Health ; Rehabilitation ; Social Welfare*

To compare the time course of neostigmine and pyridostigmine antagonism of profound neu- romuscular blockade (no-twitch: when no response to peripheral nerve stimulation could be elicited) induced by vecuronium, the authors studied 30 patients who were ASA Physical Status I or II undergoing minor surgery, free from neuromuscular, renal or hepatic dieases. Train-of Four[TOF] stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve every ISseconds and the force of contraction of adductor pollicis muscle was recorded. In all patients, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium(5 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg), endotracheal intubation was performed at 100% depression of the T1(the first response in the train-of-four sequence). Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups Five minutes after intubation, when there was no detectable twitch response, each patient received either neostigmine(0.03 mg/kg) with atropine sulfate(0.02 mg/kg). Neuromuscular fuction in another ten subjects were allowed to recover spontaneously. The results were as follows; 1) Profound neuromuscular blockade was not rapidly antagonized by either neostigmine or pyridostigmine but the use of anticholinesterase was effeetive for recovery. 2) The results demonstrated that there were no difference in antagonism of vecuronium induced profound neuromuscular block between neostigmine and pyridostigmine. 3) The time to 100% depression of T1 after vecuronium injection was 190.5+/-38.7 sec. 4) After anticholinesterase administration, in all groups, the changes of mean arterial pressure and heart rate were within +/-10% of control after anticholinesterase dministration were observed.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Atropine ; Depression ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Peripheral Nerves ; Pyridostigmine Bromide* ; Surgical Procedures, Minor ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide*

BACKGORUND: infusion of propofol by a target-controlled infusion (TCi) system is effective in achieving conscious sedation for anxious patients presenting for dental surgery. However, there is no report of conscious sedation for mandibular fracture patients using propofol TCi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriation of a conscious sedation using propofol for mandibular fracture patients. METHODS: Twenty patients with a mandibular fracture undergoing an open reduction and miniplate insertion operation were analyzed. We anesthetized patients using a propofol infusion by a TCi system (Diprifusor :Master TCi:Pilot Anesthesia is, France) with local anesthesia using lidocaine. The BiS score was evaluated continually during surgery using a microcomputer (A-2000 BiS monitor , Aspect Medical System, USA). We set the infusion machine at a target concentration 2mug/ml, and adjusted the propofol concentration for a BiS score range of 80-85. infusion rate, total dosage, duration of induction, recall of operative procedure and cooperation scores were checked. BiS, heart rate, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and SpO2 were recorded during the operation. RESULTS: The mean BiS score was 82.95, the mean target concentration of propofol was 2.645mug/ml, the mean infusion rate was 136.3mug/kg/min, and the mean cooperation score was 2.5, the patients were cooperative. The score of amnesia was 0.2, almost patients did not recall the intraoperative event. The mean duration of stay in the recovery room was 22.2 minutes, and the most frequent side effect was pain on injecion of propofol. CONCLUSiONS: Conscious sedation with propofol TCi is an effective anesthesia method substitute for general anesthesia with quick emergence, few side effects, and safety for mandibular fracture patients.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Arterial Pressure ; Conscious Sedation* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Microcomputers ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Surgical Procedures, Operative