PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic outcomes of patients suspicious for glaucoma referred from the company health screening. METHODS: In this prospective study, 147 (87 male, 60 female) patients for glaucoma suspicious referred from the company health screening were enrolled. They underwent slit-lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, optic disc examination, visual field examination and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement using optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC). We analyzed their diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 43.8 9.6 years. Reasons for glaucoma suspicion and the number of referred patients were 111 (75.5%) high cup/disc ratio, 23 (15.6%) high intraocular pressure and 13 (8.8%) both of these. The diagnostic outcome was as follows: glaucoma, 26 (17.7%); glaucoma suspect, 4 (2.7%); ocular hypertension (OHT), 14 (9.5%); no glaucoma and no ocular hypertension, 89 (60.5%); and normal, 18 (12.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma, glaucoma suspect and ocular hypertension were confirmed in 27.2% of patients suspicious for glaucoma referred from the company health screening. Thus, the company health screening appears to be relatively sensitive to detecting glaucoma patients.
Glaucoma* ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening* ; Nerve Fibers ; Ocular Hypertension ; Prospective Studies ; Referral and Consultation ; Retinaldehyde ; Scanning Laser Polarimetry ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: p53 mutations are one of the most common genetic alterations in human lung cancer. Although the prognostic value of mutant p53 is still debated, it is widely accepted as a relatively early genetic event in the development and progression of lung cancer. Moreover, there are growing reports about an association between smoking and p53 mutation, suggesting that the p53 gene could be a target of the smoking associated carcino- genesis in the lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically resected 89 primary non-small cell lung cancers were obtained from May of 1995 to May of 1997. p53 expression and Ki-67 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, and each p53 expression and smoking amount were compared with Ki-67 expression and other clinical prognostic factors. RESULTS: Positive p53 expressions were found in 52 (58%) specimens, including 38 (69%) squamous cell carcinomas, 11 (39%) adenocarcinomas, and 3 (50%) large cell carcinomas, and closely associated with male and squamous cell carcinoma. Also close correlation was observed between smoking amount and p53 expression by the regression analysis. But p53 and Ki-67 expression showed no associations in pathologic stage and survival, and there was no association between p53 expression and survival after adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Smoking seems to affect p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer, and additional efforts are needed to evaluate the carcinogesis of lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intravitreal injections of 4 mg or 8 mg triamcinolone acetonide(TA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in macular edema. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted by reviewing follow-up records for the eyes of 60 patients with macular edema 6 months receiving a intravitreal TA injection. Two groups, A and B, who had received TA injections of either 4 or 8 mg, respectively, were compared. RESULTS: The average pre-injection IOP for group A was 12.8+/-2.6 mmHg, and the average post-injection IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 15.0+/-2.7, 14.6+/-3.2, 15.3+/-3.5, 15.8+/-4.0, and 14.4+/-2.8 mmHg, respectively. The average pre-injection IOP for group B was 12.5+/-2.4 mmHg, and the average post-injection IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 14.9+/-2.9, 14.3+/-3.0, 14.7+/-3.2, 15.2+/-4.4, and 14.5+/-4.5 mmHg, respectively. The difference in IOP elevation between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between a 4 mg or 8 mg intravitreal TA injection with respect to IOP elevation.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Macular Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a nasal cavity abnormality on the success rate of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: Two hundred seventy eyes of 230 patients who had undergone endonasal DCR from February 2003 to July 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into three groups after all were preoperatively examined by an otolaryngologist. Group A consisted of patients who had no nasal cavity abnormality; Group B, patients who had a nasal cavity abnormality and who received treatment; and Group C, patients with a nasal cavity abnormality but who received no treatment. RESULTS: The success rate of endonasal DCR were 83.9% in Group A, 87.5% in Group B, and 79.2% in Group C, with no statistical significance among the three groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a nasal cavity abnormality did not affect the success rate of endonasal DCR.
Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the postoperative higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and factors affecting postoperative changes in HOAs in eyes that underwent wavefront-guided LASEK (laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy), compared with the eyes that underwent conventional LASEK. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 221 patients who had undergone LASEK or wavefront guided LASEK with VISX WaveScan and VISX Star S4 eximer laser by a single surgeon (427 total eye operations). We matched 29 eyes of the LASEK and the wavefront LASEK groups (58 eyes total) according to the guideline: preoperative refractive power differences must be within 1 diopter and preoperative root-mean-square (RMS) of total HOAs differences must be within 0.01 micrometer. Preoperative wavefront aberrations and two-months postoperative wavefront aberrations and associated factors were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Postoperative total HOAs, comas, and spherical aberrations increased significantly from 0.36+/-0.10 micrometer to 0.49+/-0.16 micrometer (p=.001), 0.21+/-0.09 micrometer to 0.31+/-0.14 micrometer (p=.003), and 0.03+/-0.10 micrometer to 0.10+/-0.20 micrometer (p=.043), respectively, in the conventional LASEK group. In the wavefront LASEK group, postoperative HOAs, comas, and spherical aberrations significantly increased from 0.36+/-0.10 micrometer to 0.46+/-0.14 micrometer (p=.004), 0.18+/-0.10 micrometer to 0.29+/-0.14 micrometer (p=.002), and 0.09+/-0.14 micrometer to 0.19+/-0.14 micrometer (p=.006), respectively. There were no significant differences in HOAs between the two groups. A strong negative correlation between preoperative total HOAs and a multiple of increase in total HOAs postoperatively was found, with the negative correlation being stronger in the wavefront-guided LASEK group (Pearson's correlation coefficient =-0.697, p<.001) than in the LASEK group (Pearson's correlation coefficient =-0.632, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant decreases in HOAs in the eyes that underwent wavefront-guided LASEK compared with the matched control eyes of patients that underwent conventional LASEK. Analyzing the tendency of a multiple of increase in total HOAs according to the preoperative HOAs, it suggests that the wavefront-guided LASEK may be more effective in suppressing an increase in total HOAs in the eyes with higher preoperative HOAs.
Case-Control Studies ; Coma ; Humans ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted* ; Medical Records

PURPOSE: To determine whether topical tacrolimus might prove effective in the treatment of refractory anterior segment inflammatory diseases, and to evaluate its efficacy in eyes with ocular graft versus host disease (GVHD), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes of 14 patients with anterior segment inflammation refractory to steroid treatment were treated with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from March 2008 through August 2009. Seven patients had ocular GVHD and seven had VKC. We evaluated the conjunctival and corneal inflammatory change at one, two, four, and eight weeks after treatment with a scoring system. Time to initial response of treatment and therapeutic effect between GVHD and VKC was also analyzed. After the eight-week treatment period, patients were divided into two groups (maintenance group and discontinuance group). Eight patients maintained the treatment for an additional four months, and six patients discontinued the treatments. Therapeutic effect was also compared between the groups at eight weeks and six months after treatment. RESULTS: The mean conjunctival and corneal inflammation score was reduced significantly at eight weeks after treatment (p < 0.0001). The therapeutic effect in conjunctival inflammation was first noted at week two after the initial treatment (p = 0.002); reduction in corneal inflammation was first noted at one week (p = 0.0009). When compared according to diagnosis, no therapeutic difference was detected between the groups (p > 0.05). Six months after treatment, we noted no therapeutic differences between the maintenance group and discontinuance group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 0.03% tacrolimus ointment was safe and effective for use in anterior segment inflammatory disease refractory to steroid.
Administration, Topical ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic/*drug therapy ; Female ; *Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ointments ; Prospective Studies ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tacrolimus/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Sclerosing hemangioma (SH) of the lung is an uncommon type of tumor, which is composed of polygonal and cuboidal cells. This disease is generally regarded as benign but extremely rare cases with lymph node metastasis have been reported. We report a case of SH with a metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. A 19-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of coughing. A chest X-ray and a CT scan indicated a large mass in the lower lobe. As a result, a left lower lobectomy with a dissection of the hilar and interlobar lymph nodes was performed. The tumor was a well-defined huge mass with partial adhesion to the mediastinal and parietal pleura. The dissected hilar, interlobar, and intrapulmonary lymph nodes demonstrated metastasis. Histologically, the primary and metastatic tumor consisted of polygonal and cuboidal cells. Both types of tumor cells were uniformly immunoreactive to the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). However, the cuboidal cells tested positive for pancytokeratin, whereas the polygonal cells tested consistently negative. Postoperatively, the patient received chemotherapy and no recurrence or metastasis 2 years after surgery was noted. Although a pulmonary SH is considered to be benign, this case highlights the need for the evaluation of lymph node metastasis.
Adult ; Female ; Hemangioma/*pathology ; Human ; Lung Neoplasms/*pathology ; *Lymphatic Metastasis ; Sclerosis

Objective: This study aimed to determine the tic aggravation event rate and cumulative incidence rate in the use of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the factors that influence tic aggravation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children and adolescents aged between 6 to 15 years, who were diagnosed with ADHD from January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 121 subjects were included. The MPH dosage, psychiatric family history, comorbidity and past history of tics were assessed through chart review and the psychological examinations data were included. Collected data were analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Tic aggravation event rates without a past history of tics were 2.9% with MPH treatment in ADHD. Past history of tics, total MPH dosage and age were the factors associated with tic aggravation ([HR 21.46, p<0.001], [HR 0.94, p=0.023], [HR 0.79, p=0.021] for each). Cumulative incidence of tic aggravation was different between groups with or without past tic history. When treated with MPH, all tic aggravation appeared within approximately eight months but for subjects with a past history of tic, aggravation showed within approximately six months (p<0.001). Conclusion Tic aggravation event rate was significantly low especially in the group without a past history of tics with the use of MPH in ADHD. However, a thorough assessment of past history of tics, and close monitoring during the first six-eight months of treatment with MPH is needed to avert a potential worsening of tics.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the tic aggravation event rate and cumulative incidence rate in the use of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the factors that influence tic aggravation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children and adolescents aged between 6 to 15 years, who were diagnosed with ADHD from January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 121 subjects were included. The MPH dosage, psychiatric family history, comorbidity and past history of tics were assessed through chart review and the psychological examinations data were included. Collected data were analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Tic aggravation event rates without a past history of tics were 2.9% with MPH treatment in ADHD. Past history of tics, total MPH dosage and age were the factors associated with tic aggravation ([HR 21.46, p<0.001], [HR 0.94, p=0.023], [HR 0.79, p=0.021] for each). Cumulative incidence of tic aggravation was different between groups with or without past tic history. When treated with MPH, all tic aggravation appeared within approximately eight months but for subjects with a past history of tic, aggravation showed within approximately six months (p<0.001). Conclusion Tic aggravation event rate was significantly low especially in the group without a past history of tics with the use of MPH in ADHD. However, a thorough assessment of past history of tics, and close monitoring during the first six-eight months of treatment with MPH is needed to avert a potential worsening of tics.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical manifestations of intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for patients with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. METHODS: The present retrospective study was comprised of patients diagnosed with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery performed between March 2006 and March 2008. To treat the edema, intravitreal triamcinolone injection was administered. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness were measured, and complications as well as efficacy of the treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: Twelve eyes were selected for the present study with a mean patient age of 67.3 years. The average period between cataract surgery and diagnosis of cystoid macular edema was 7.6 weeks. All 12 eyes received an intravitreal triamcinolone injection, and the patients were followed up for an average of 6.7 months. BCVA (log MAR) was changed from 0.29 +/- 0.12 to 0.11 +/- 0.09, showing statistically significant improvement (p = 0.000). The OCT showed that the average CMT was statistically decreased from 390.58 +/- 94.98 microm to 165.17 +/- 39.95 microm (p = 0.001). No complications were reported after the procedure, and vision and edema improved after one month in all 12 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: After performing intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for cystoid macular edema which developed after cataract surgery, rapid recovery and improvement of vision and macular thickness were confirmed in all 12 eyes.
Cataract ; Edema ; Eye ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Pseudophakia ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity