This study was carried out to figure out the dietary intake of pregnant women in Daegu area. A total of 467 pregnant women was recruited at two hospitals in this area to collect the information on dietary intakes, general characteristics, and anthropometric measurements using an interview. Forty-seven women (10.1%) were in the first trimester, 101 women (21.6%) in the second trimester, and 319 women (68.3%) in the third trimester. The mean age, prepregnant weight and height of subjects were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The mean daily nutrient intakes of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates, phosphate, sodium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly different among the trimester groups, but the other nutrients were not different. For the calcium and iron, the percentage of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA was over 80%, and for other nutrients such as energy, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 over 50% of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA in the first trimester. The correlations between nutrient intakes and weight gain during pregnancy showed different patterns among the trimester groups. The mean adequacy ratio and dietary variety scores were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The amount of food intake from cereals and cereal products were higher during the second and the third trimester compared to the first trimester, but those of the other food groups were not significantly different. In conclusion, nutrient intakes of the pregnant women for iron, calcium and some vitamins were inadequate and nutritional management programs for these nutrients are necessary.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Edible Grain ; Daegu* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women* ; Riboflavin ; Sodium ; Thiamine ; Vitamins ; Weight Gain

Morning sickness during pregnancy is a very common functional problem with different kinds of symptom, but little data are available concerning the nutrition intervention program for pregnant women in local area. A total of 152 pregnant women who had experienced morning sickness were surveyed to investigate the relationships between morning sickness, nutrient intakes and pregnancy outcome. The results showed that prevalent symptoms were nausea (68.4%), heartburn (59.2%), morning sickness (48.7%), vomiting (42.1%), and constipation (44.7%). The onset of the symptom occurred during the first 3 months (9.3 +/- 2.3 weeks); 21.1% of the subjects was experienced two symptom at the same time. This significantly correlated with vomiting (p < 0.01), nausea (p < 0.001), morning sickness (p < 0.001), and heartburn (p < 0.01) with pregnancy weight. There were also correlations between the four symptoms and nutrient intakes. Mean birth weight of 21 newborns was 3.06 +/- 0.42 kg, and the one and five minutes of Apgar scores were 7.74 +/- 0.99 and 8.84 +/- 0.69, respectively. There were negative correlations between vomiting and pregnancy outcomes (p < 0.05). Our data support that morning sickness, especially vomiting during pregnancy is associated with Apgar score and body weight of newborn.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Constipation ; Female ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Morning Sickness ; Nausea ; Nutritional Status* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Vomiting

Pheochromocytoma is functioning tumor which originates in the adrenal medulla or in chromaffin tissue along the paravertebral sympathetic chain. This tumor releases epinephrine and norepinephrine causing increase of peripheral resistance and resulting in increased blood pressure and reducing plasma volume. The anesthetic management of patients with pheochromocytoma presents many difficult problems such as hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypotension. A 40 year-old female underwent resection of pheochromocytoma under general anesthesia. Thiopental was used for induction followed N2O-O2-enflurane supplemented with fractional doses of fentanyl and vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Hypertensive crisis during induction of anesthesia and surgical manipulation of the tumor were managed with phentolamine and sodium nitroprusside, and premature ventricular beats were controlled with lidocaine. We experienced marked fluctuation of blood pressure during anesthetic course.
Adrenal Medulla ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Phentolamine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Plasma Volume ; Thiopental ; Vascular Resistance ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

The usefulness of a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant for endotracheal intubation is limited by its relatively slow onset of neuromuscular block compared to that achieved with succinylcholine. Several attempts have been made to produce a more rapid onset of muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation. A large dose of nondepoarizing muscle relaxant may produce rapid onset but cauae undesirable side effects and a prolonged duration of neuromuscular block. The authors observed the degree of vocal cord relaxation and intubation condition 2 minutes after administration of atracurium and measured changes in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate at the time of arrival in the operating room, just before abministration of atracurium, 2minutes after administration, and 5mins after intubation. The 40 of patients in this observation were divided into four groups. Group 1; 10patients, received 0.3 mg/kg of atracurium Group 2; 10patients, received 0.4 mg/kg of atracurium Group 3; 10patients, received 0.5 mg/kg of atracurium Group 4; 10patients, received 0.6 mg/kg of atracurium The results were as follows; 1) There were better intubating conditions in Group 3 and 4 than in Group 1 and 2(p<0.001). 2) Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly after administration of atracurium in all four groups. From the above results we conclude that 0.5~0.6 mg/kg of atracurium provides satisfactory intubation condition 2 minutes after administration without hemodynamic changes.
Arterial Pressure ; Atracurium* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Operating Rooms ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Vocal Cords

No abstract available.
Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Emergencies*

In the anesthesia for the Cesarean section, the anesthetists should select the agent and technique carefully which is safe for both the mother and baby. If a light plane of general anesthesia is chosen for fetal safety and rapid recovery, there may be increased incidence of maternal recall and intraoperative pain perception. We studied the effect of nalbuphine(N group) and fentanyl(F group) used as main analgesics in balanced anesthesia in 60 full term parturients, ASA physical status class I or II, scheduled for elective Cesarean section. The patients were questioned for recall, pain perception and unpleasant dreams during anesthesia. The results were as follows, 1) The 12 patients had positive reactions. Among them, 3 patients(10%) were in the N group and 9 patients(30%) in the F group. 2) The sedation was more in the N group(30%) than in the F group(6.6%). We concluded that the balanced anesthetic technique using nalbuphine caused less maternal recall and pain perception with more sedation than using fentanyL.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Balanced Anesthesia* ; Cesarean Section* ; Dreams ; Female ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mothers ; Nalbuphine* ; Pain Perception ; Pregnancy

Epidural anesthesia is a technique of regional anesthesia in which the spinal nerves are blocked as they pass through the epidural space. The current study was conducted to determine the extent of contamination of epidural catheters and to attempt to idntify the factors contributing to contamination. The catheters removed from fifty patients were studied, two cultures were taken from each catheter and the following results were obtained. 1) Catheter tips(20%) in ten cultures and portions of the catheter located in the subcutaneous tissue in nine cultures(18%) were found to be contaminated. 2) Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in eight patients, and staphylococcus aureus and xanthomonas maltophilia were found in two patients each other. 3) In the contaminated populations, no significant difference between the growth rate of organisms and the factors in relation to the duration of catheter implantation, age of the patients and the site of catheter inserition was found.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Catheters* ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Spinal Nerves ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Subcutaneous Tissue

In Korea, the study about the normal depth of insertion of dauble lumen tubes bas not been reported yet. So we studied 50 adult patients(30 males and 20 females) undergoing thoracic surgery under one lung ventilation. Endotracheal intubation was done with the disposable polyvinylchloride Robertshaw-type double lumen endobronchial tube. The exact position of a left-sided double lumen endobronchial tube was confirmed by passing a fiberoptic bronchoscope through the tracheal lumen of the double lumen, The depth was measured when we had a view of a clear straight-ahead view of the tracheal carina, the right lumen going off to the right, and the upper surface of the blue left endobronchial balloon just below the tracheal carina, The resullts were as follows; 1) In the male patients, the average depth of the tube was 30.7+/-1.4cm and this measure- ments were related with height but not the weight and age. 2) In the female patients the average depth of the tube was 28,3+/-l.2cm and this measurements were unrelated with height, age and weight. 3) Among the male and female patients the average depth of the tube was 30.0+/-1.8cm and this measurements were related with a height but not with weight and age.
Adult ; Bronchoscopes* ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea ; Male ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Thoracic Surgery

The development of endoscopic video systems and instrumentation has allowed therapeutic thoracoscopy for peripheral lung resection, pleural biopsy, open lung biopsy, closure of leaking blebs, parietal pleurodesis, and perieardiectomy and biopsy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular effects and blood gas changes during thoracoscopic surgery with one-lung ventilation and intrathoracic CO2 insufflation to collapse the affected site of the lung and so to get optimal surgical field under lateral position. Measurements of cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and end-tidal PCO2 were done in twenty three patients who underwent bleb resection via thoracoscopy with intrathoracic CO2 insufflation. Each measurement was done 10 minutes after tracheal intubation(control), 10 minutes after position change, l0 minutes after one-lung ventilation, 30 minutes after CO2 insufflation, 1 hour ater CO2 deflation, and 6 hours after CO2 deflation. Also the measurement of arterial blood gas was done before anesthesia and used as a control. The results were as follows; 1) End-tidal PCO2 was increased after CO2 insufflation. 2) Arterial PCO2 was increased after CO2 insufflation and until 1 hour after CO2 deflation, and the value measured 6 hours afer deflation was recovered to the preanesthetic value. 3) Arterial PO2 was decrease after one-lung ventilation, but there was no change after CO2 insufflation. 4) Mean arterial blood pressure was increased after one-lung ventilation, after CO2 insufflation, 1 hour after CO 2 deflation and 6 hours after CO2 deflation from the control values respectively. 5) Heart rate was decreased after position change, and until one-lung ventilation, but it was increased after CO2 insufflation. 6) Central venous pressure was increased after position change, after one-lung ventilation and after CO insufflation. 7) Cardiac index waa increaeed after CO2 insufflation compared to the immediately preceding values. 8) Systemic vascular resistance was not changed throughout the procedure.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Blister ; Central Venous Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Pleurodesis ; Rabeprazole ; Thoracoscopy* ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation