Oral contraceptive user had less menstrual blood loss, which reduced the risk of iron deificiency anemia by 50%. The incidence of menorrhagia, irregular menses and intermenstrual bleeding is also singificantly reduced in the user of oral contraceptives. In most women with leiomyomas, low-dose oral contraceptive use provide the noncontraceptive benefit of a reduction of menstrual flow, with resultant improvement in hematocrit. So, we confirmed that anemic leiomyoma patients with oral contraceptive use showed autotransfusion effects given by preoperative administration orally during some period.
Anemia ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous* ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Leiomyoma ; Menorrhagia ; Metrorrhagia ; Myoma

PURPOSE: We studied how to increase the detection rate of prostatic cancer in men with normal DRE and the diagnostic gray zone of PSA in whom transrectal prostate biopsies were done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 132 patients with normal DRE and serum PSA greater than 4ng/ml, in whom transrectal prostate biopsies were done between January 1, 1996 and July 31, 2000. These patients were divided into two groups, one group having normal DRE and serum PSA level between 4 and 10ng/ml, in whom transrectal prostate biopsies was done and another group having normal DRE and serum PSA level between upper limit of age-specific PSA reference ranges (APSA-R) and 10ng/ml, in whom transrectal prostate biopsies was done. We applied PSAD and F/T PSA ratio to each group. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients with serum PSA level between 4 and 10ng/ml and 67 patients with serum PSA level between upper limit of APSA-R and 10ng/ml, underwent prostate sextant biopsies. In each group, prostate cancer detection rates were 7.4% and 7.5%. When we applied F/T PSA ratio cut off of 0.15 in each group, prostate cancer detection rates were 19.4% and 22.7%, individually (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of F/T PSA ratio can be used significantly to elevate the detection rate of prostate cancer and reduce safely the number of biopsies performed in patients with gray zone of serum PSA levels.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: Condyloma acuminatum is a common lesion of the external genitalia and anus. However, its involvement of the urethra is uncommonly, but when it does the lesions are difficult to eradicate. Treatments have included excision, electrical fulguration and laser therapy. Laser therapy causes minimal damage to the urethral mucosa, and stricture formation seems less likely when use. The results of intraurethral condyloma acuminatum, treated with Nd:YAG laser therapy, are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June, 2000 and May, 2002, 13 men, with intraurethral condyloma, were treated by Nd:YAG laser therapy at our institution. All patients underwent cystourethroscopy to rule out concomitant urethral and vesicle disease. Biopsies of all lesions were performed, with the specimens sent for DNA viral typing. After removal of the condyloma, cystourethroscopy was used on follow-up at three-month intervals. RESULTS: All the patients were found to have condyloma acuminatum. Of these, 3 (23.1%) had concomitant distal urethral lesions and 7 (53.8%) had an associated cutaneous condyloma. All the patients were found to have type 6/11 human papillomavirus disease, as confirmed by their viral typing. A recurrence was observed in only 1 patient, and no complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: For intraurethral condyloma acuminatum, Nd:YAG laser therapy is successful, and cystourethroscopy is required for the diagnosis and at follow-up.
Anal Canal ; Biopsy ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Laser Therapy* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Neodymium ; Recurrence ; Urethra

PURPOSE: A seminal vesicle cyst in combination with ipsilateral renal agenesis is rarely encountered. We present cases of this disease entity with symptoms, which were treated with a laparoscopic approach as a minimally invasive surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We experienced 4 patients with seminal vesicle cysts and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The mean age was 45.8 years. Chief complaints were perineal pain and hematospermia. Seminal vesicle cysts and remnant ureters were excised by laparoscopic surgery with transperitoneal approaches. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 133.8 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 6.8 days. There were no operative complications or transfusions. CONCLUSION: In our report, patients of congenital seminal vesicle cyst associated with renal agenesis are presented. Laparoscopy is considered a minimal invasive management of these combined anomalies, providing a good image and an easy approach.
Adult ; Aged ; Cysts/*congenital/*diagnosis/surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male/congenital/diagnosis/surgery ; Humans ; Kidney/*abnormalities/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seminal Vesicles/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual disorder, affecting perhaps as many as 75% of men, but its cause has not been well established. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether alcohol injection on the dorsal aspect of the penis can induce a desensitization of penile sensory nerve fiber in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I of 4 rats, the control group, did not undergo any procedure. Group II of 8 rats, received only an alcohol injection without electrical stimulation. In group III of 4 rats, only electrical stimulation was performed without alcohol injection. In group IV of 28 rats, all rats received an alcohol injection on the dorsal aspect of the penis, and groups of four rats were sacrificed after electrical stimulation on the glans penis at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after alcohol injection. Spinal cords were sectioned and processed for immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos protein. RESULTS: No c-Fos protein was detected in the normal control group, and either none or few c-Fos protein positive neurons were seen in the alcohol injection only group. The number of c-Fos protein positive neurons in the electrical stimulation only group was 30.25+/-3.53 cells/section. Four days after alcohol injection, the level of c-Fos protein positive neurons was reduced significantly compared with the control group (p<0.05), and was very close to the control group at 10 days after alcohol injection. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that alcohol injection in the dorsal aspect of the penis reduces c-Fos protein positive neurons in the spinal cord segment through desensitization of penile sensory nerve fibers.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Neural Conduction* ; Neurons ; Penis ; Premature Ejaculation ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord

Transplantation of ABO-nmatched solid organs has been associated with the development of immune hemolysis due to donor-erived antibodies produced by passenger lymphocytes in the graft, called "Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome". In a liver transplantation, about 40% of patients at risk has detectable donor-erived antibodies and hemolytic anemia occurs in 29% of patients. It is characterized by hemoglobinemia, a rapid fall in hemoglobin, hyperbilirubinemia, and an excessive red cell transfusion requirement occurring 1 to 3 weeks after the transplantation. These clinical findings are accompanied by the laboratory findings of a positive direct antiglobulin test and the detection of unexpected antibodies in the patients' red cell eluate and serum. Both the hemolytic anemia and serology resolve over the course of weeks to months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hemolytic anemia due to passenger lymphocyte syndrome after ABO-nmatched liver transplantation in Korea.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Antibodies ; Coombs Test ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Korea ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Lymphocytes* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To identify candidate genes related with urolithiasis, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms were searched. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2002 and June 2003, 212 healthy subjects, used as normal controls, and 155 patients with urolithiasis were examined. The control volunteers had no histories of urolithiasis, familial stone disease or osteoporosis. The patients underwent a stone metabolic study and stone analysis. 49 patients received a stone analysis, of which, 45 had calcium stones. Using a polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of peripheral blood, the association between the VDR gene BsaM I polymorphism and urolithiasis was evaluated. The polymorphism was divided into three groups: excisable (C/C), unexcisable (T/T) and heterozygote (C/T). RESULTS: For the VDR gene BsaM I polymorphism, there was no statistically difference between the control and the urolithiasis groups. The distribution of VDR genotypes in the 155 patients with urolithiasis was as follows: C/C, 139 (89.7%); C/T, 12 (7.7%) and T/T, 4 (2.6%), which was not significantly different from that in the 212 control subjects: C/C, 195 (92.0%); C/T, 14 (6.6%) and T/T, 3 (1.4%). The frequencies of VDR genotypes in the 45 patients with calcium stone were: C/T (13.3%) and T/T (6.7%), and that of the T allele 13.3%, which were significantly different from those of the controls: C/T (6.6%) and T/T (1.4%) and that of the T allele, 4.7% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VDR BsaM I polymorphism appears to be a good candidate for a genetic marker in calcium stone disease. The T allele especially may be in charge of the pathogenesis of calcium stones. Further analysis and case accumulation are required to identify the genetic marker of urolithiasis. (Korean J Urol 2004;45:1143-1147)
Alleles ; Calcium* ; Genetic Markers* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Calcitriol* ; Urolithiasis ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To identify candidate genes related with urolithiasis, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms were searched. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2002 and June 2003, 212 healthy subjects, used as normal controls, and 155 patients with urolithiasis were examined. The control volunteers had no histories of urolithiasis, familial stone disease or osteoporosis. The patients underwent a stone metabolic study and stone analysis. 49 patients received a stone analysis, of which, 45 had calcium stones. Using a polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of peripheral blood, the association between the VDR gene BsaM I polymorphism and urolithiasis was evaluated. The polymorphism was divided into three groups: excisable (C/C), unexcisable (T/T) and heterozygote (C/T). RESULTS: For the VDR gene BsaM I polymorphism, there was no statistically difference between the control and the urolithiasis groups. The distribution of VDR genotypes in the 155 patients with urolithiasis was as follows: C/C, 139 (89.7%); C/T, 12 (7.7%) and T/T, 4 (2.6%), which was not significantly different from that in the 212 control subjects: C/C, 195 (92.0%); C/T, 14 (6.6%) and T/T, 3 (1.4%). The frequencies of VDR genotypes in the 45 patients with calcium stone were: C/T (13.3%) and T/T (6.7%), and that of the T allele 13.3%, which were significantly different from those of the controls: C/T (6.6%) and T/T (1.4%) and that of the T allele, 4.7% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VDR BsaM I polymorphism appears to be a good candidate for a genetic marker in calcium stone disease. The T allele especially may be in charge of the pathogenesis of calcium stones. Further analysis and case accumulation are required to identify the genetic marker of urolithiasis. (Korean J Urol 2004;45:1143-1147)
Alleles ; Calcium* ; Genetic Markers* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Calcitriol* ; Urolithiasis ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

Background: There has been no comparison of the determinants of admission route between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined whether factors associated with direct versus transferred-in admission to regional cardiocerebrovascular centers (RCVCs) differed between AIS and AMI. Methods: Using a nationwide RCVC registry, we identified consecutive patients presenting with AMI and AIS between July 2016 and December 2018. We explored factors associated with direct admission to RCVCs in patients with AIS and AMI and examined whether those associations differed between AIS and AMI, including interaction terms between each factor and disease type in multivariable models. To explore the influence of emergency medical service (EMS) paramedics on hospital selection, stratified analyses according to use of EMS were also performed. Results: Among the 17,897 and 8,927 AIS and AMI patients, 66.6% and 48.2% were directly admitted to RCVCs, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that previous coronary heart disease, prehospital awareness, higher education level, and EMS use increased the odds of direct admission to RCVCs, but the odds ratio (OR) was different between AIS and AMI (for the first 3 factors, AMI > AIS; for EMS use, AMI < AIS). EMS use was the single most important factor for both AIS and AMI (OR, 4.72 vs. 3.90). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia increased, while living alone decreased the odds of direct admission only in AMI;additionally, age (65–74 years), previous stroke, and presentation during non-working hours increased the odds only in AIS. EMS use weakened the associations between direct admission and most factors in both AIS and AMI. Conclusions Various patient factors were differentially associated with direct admission to RCVCs between AIS and AMI. Public education for symptom awareness and use of EMS is essential in optimizing the transportation and hospitalization of patients with AMI and AIS.