Most insects including the honeybee cause erythema and edema at the site of a sting in non-allergic individuals. This reaction usually resolves within a few days. However, in certain cases, the persistence of inciting materials in the cutaneous tissue may promote a local inflammatory foreign body reaction. Localized nodular lesions were seen in our two patients and erythemstous patches were present in one patient due to rarely encountered complications induced by retained sting materials. In these cases histopathology showed multiple foci of foreign body granuloma containing yellow refraetile material in the center surrounded by histiocytes and foreign body giant cells. The granulomatous skin lesions in these patients were treated with intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide and partial excisions of the nodular masses were performed.
Bites and Stings ; Edema ; Erythema ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Granuloma* ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Insects ; Skin ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans

The aim of this study was to investigate how implementation of direct nutrition education differs between nutrition teachers and dietitians in Gyeonggi Area. In this study, we collected data from 107 nutrition teachers and 129 dietitians in 2012. Among those who have answered they implemented direct nutrition education for the last one year, 36% were nutrition teachers and 10% were dietitians (p < 0.05). Among subjects who implemented direct education, a significantly greater percentage of nutrition teachers used a class as an education time to conduct creative hands-on-activity compare to dietitians (p < 0.05). However, for most dietitians, school meal time was more commonly used for direct nutrition education. When asked to make a suggestion regarding improvement for school nutrition education, the highest rate of people chose simplification of school administrative work (4.68 points) was needed. Developing nutrition education (4.55 points) showed the next highest rate. The rest of the answers were the following order; regular training of teaching methods (4.50 points), increasing awareness of school teachers (4.50 points), improving school facilities and financial support (4.47 points), preparing teaching plan (4.46 points), providing incentive for direct education (4.26 points), organizing regular class for nutrition education (4.17 points), and placing nutrition teachers (4.16 points). This study provides useful information including manageable workload of nutrition teachers and dietitians, capacity building and supportive school environment to be delivered with respect to nutrition education system in South Korea.
Capacity Building ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Meals ; Motivation ; Republic of Korea ; Teaching

Ocular ischemic syndrome is an uncommon ocular condition occurring secondary to marked carotid arterial obstruction. It generally develops in older patients, in conjunction with entities associated with systemic artherosclerosis. We have currently encountered a case of monocular visual loss in a 65 year old patient who had a recent attack of cerebrovascular accident. Ocular examination revealed characteristic findings of chronic ischemia, including corneal edema, rubeosis, anterior uveitis, progressing cataract, retinal arterial narrowing, venous irregular dilatation and scattered retinal hemorrhages. Diagnosis was made by the fluorescein angiographic findings of prolonged retinal circulation time and diffuse capillary non perfusion as well as by carotid MR-Angiographic finding of complete obstruction of internal caratid artery.
Aged ; Arteries ; Capillaries ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Perfusion ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Stroke ; Uveitis, Anterior

Obesity is a leading risk factor for insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular complications, collectively referred to as metabolic diseases. Given the prevalence of obesity and its associated medical problems, new strategies are required to prevent or treat obesity and obesity-related metabolic effects. Here we summarize contributors of obesity, and molecular mechanisms controlling adipogenesis from studies in mammalian systems. We also discuss the possibilities of using Drosophila as a genetic model system to advance our understanding of players in fat biology.
Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*etiology/metabolism/prevention & control ; Obesity/*complications/metabolism/prevention & control ; PPAR gamma/metabolism/physiology

To compare the dietary intakes and body composition in the stage of puberty, this study was conducted with 360 girls aged 9 to 12 years in Seoul Korea. Girls's general information and 3-day diet records were collected, fat mass was measured by Inbody 3.0, bone mass at right calcaneus was measured by PIXI and pubertal development was self-assessed by picture of Tanner stages. The results are as follows: Girls who had breast development were 79.7% and 15.8% had pubic hair development. Mean of BMI, BMC and BMD were significantly higher at breast stage3+ (19.6 kg/m2, 1.62 kg, 0.47 g/cm2) than at the breast stage2 (18.2 kg/m2, 1.47 kg, 0.44 g/cm2) or breast stage1 (16.3 kg/m2, 1.32 kg, 0.39 g/cm2)(p < 0.001). Percent body fat of breast stage1, 2, and 3+ were 19.7%, 23.1%, 25.3% respectively and significantly increased during the puberty (p < 0.001). The mean of energy intake was 1629 kcal in stage1, 1664 kcal in stage2 and 1577 kcal in stage3+ showed significant difference in the breast stages (p < 0.05). Energy adjusted sodium intakes and crude fiber intakes were significantly higher in breast stage3+ than other breast stages. For zinc and iron, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of Korean RDA was over 40% and significantly higher in breast stage3+ than other stages (p < 0.05); for protein and vitamin E, the proportions of subjects with intake levels more than 125% RDA was significantly higher in the stage1. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for protein and phosphorous was significantly lower in breast stage3+ than other stages. The food groups of seed and nut were 4.7 g/day, 2.3 g/day, 1.8 g/day, respectively, and was significantly higher in breast stage1. In summary, mean of BMI, BMD, BMC and percent of body fat were increased with pubertal development, and those who had higher breast developmental stage showed a lower amount of consumption level in energy, seeds and nuts, and also showed a higher amount of consumption level in energy adjusted sodium and fiber among Korean girls.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Body Composition* ; Breast ; Calcaneus ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Energy Intake ; Female* ; Hair ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Nuts ; Puberty ; Seoul ; Sodium ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effect of high glucose and spent peritoneal dialysate on the TGF-beta1 synthesis of cultured human peritoneal MC(HPMC); to examine the effect of costimulation with high glucose or dialysate and cytokines, interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), on transforming growth factor(TGF-beta1) synthesis of HPMC. DISIGN: HPMCs were exposed to different concentrations of glucose(30, 60 & 90 mM/L) or spent peritoneal dialysate for 48 hours in the absence or presence of IL-1beta(1ng/ml) and TNF-alpha(1ng/ml). TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis and TGF-beta1 protein synthesis and release by Western blot analysis with immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Exposure of MC to high glucose condition(30mM, 60mM & 90mM of D- glucose) induced 2.3-, 3.6- and 4.0-fold increases in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression of MC with enhanced TGF-beta1 protein synthesis and secretion into the media. Incubation with spent dialysate also significantly increased TGF-beta1 mRNA expression & protein secretion compared to control media(P<0.05) Stimulation with IL-1beta(1ng/ml) or TNF-alpha(1ng/ml) significantly increased TGF-beta1 mRNA expression after 48 hours above the control level by 2.7-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively. However, TNF-alpha-induced increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was not translated into TGF-beta1 protein secretion whereas IL-1beta stimulation induced a significant increase in TGF-beta1 protein secretion as well as TGF-beta1 mRNA expression. Combined stimulation of high glucose or spent dialysate together with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha showed a greater increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression and protein secretion compared to stimulation with high glucose or spent dialysate alone. CONCLUSION: Our results clearly show that high glucose concentration of peritoneal dialysate and spent dialysate themselves might be sufficient to stimulate the production of TGF-beta1 by peritoneal mesothelial cell. This state of chronic induction of TGF-beta1 is further exaggerated in the presence of peritonitis because of stimulatory effect of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in the augmented TGF-beta1 synthesis, thus promoting peritoneal fibrosis.
Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Cytokines ; Glucose ; Humans* ; Immunoprecipitation ; Necrosis ; Peritoneal Fibrosis ; Peritonitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Placntal site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) has been demonstrated to be a rare form of gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). Kurman (1976) et al recognized this disease as Trophoblastic pseudotumor and they thought it to be a benign exaggerated placental site reaction, but Twiggs et al (1981) reported a patient who died of widespread metastasis. Death has been reported in 2 of 14 cases due to metastatic disease, and therefore it is thought to have a malignant course and metastatic potential. It may occur at any age during the reproductive age but usually occurs in relation to second or subsequent pregnancies (a normal pregnancy, an abortion, or a molar pregnancy) rather than primipara. PSTT can metastasis to the brain, lung, liver, vagina and bladder. Larsen et al (1991) report metastasis rate about 10%. It produces little hCG and larger quantities of hPL. We experienced a case of PSTT after normal delivery, which was diagnosed and operated on in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Brain ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Molar ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site* ; Trophoblasts ; Urinary Bladder ; Vagina