1.Epidemiology of Oral Lichen Planus in a Cohort of South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study.
Soma Susan VARGHESE ; Giju Baby GEORGE ; Sreenivasan Bargavan SAROJINI ; Sankar VINOD ; Philips MATHEW ; Deepu George MATHEW ; Joseph SEBASTIAN ; Arun GEORGE
Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016;21(1):55-59
BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. Dysplastic OLP has an altered cytogenic profile and can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma. The epidemiology of OLP is well-described in several relatively large series from various geographic locations, whereas such series from southern India is rare. The aim of the present study was to determine the epidemiology of OLP in a cohort of South Indian population. METHODS: All the case data records of 29,606 patients who visited Mar Baselios Dental College and Hospital, Kerala, India from 2014 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. For data review, 122 patients of OLP were selected Estimated were type, number, and location of lesions, clinical manifestation, age of the patient, gender, onset and duration of lesion, stressful life style, habits, skin involvement and associated systemic illness, and presence/absence of dysplasia. RESULTS: When the distribution of OLP among the gender was considered, we found more prevalence in females than males. Fifty-seven percent of patients were associated with stressful lifestyle. Reticular lichen planus was the most common clinical subtype found. Bilateral buccal mucosal was the common site, when the distribution of sites of OLP were compared (P < 0.05). Hypersensitivity reaction was frequently associated with systemic illness with OLP (P < 0.05). Anaplasia was found among 5% of lichen planus lesions. CONCLUSIONS: OLP patients had high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and 5% of OLP lesions showed anaplasia. Long term follow-up is necessary to monitor the recurrence, prognosis, and malignant transformation of OLP.
Anaplasia
;
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
;
Cohort Studies*
;
Epidemiology*
;
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Geographic Locations
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Immune System Diseases
;
Incidence
;
India
;
Lichen Planus
;
Lichen Planus, Oral*
;
Life Style
;
Male
;
Mouth
;
Prevalence
;
Prognosis
;
Recurrence
;
Retrospective Studies*
;
Skin
2.Anatomical variations of the hepatic artery in it’s extra hepatic journey: a cadaveric study with its clinical implications
Tintu Thottiyil SUKUMARAN ; Susan JOSEPH ; Swapna RAMAKRISHNAN ; Asha Joselet MATHEW
Anatomy & Cell Biology 2022;55(3):269-276
Vascular anomalies are a serendipitous finding during surgeries and diagnostic angiography. Such variations are frequently encountered in the abdominal region. These anomalies are usually asymptomatic but the presence of hepatic arterial variations may lead to injuries of the liver during surgery. The present study was conducted on 35 adult embalmed cadavers, 31 males, 4 females from August 2015 to December 2021 in the Department of Anatomy, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi. In this study of 35 cadavers, we present 3 variants: an accessory right hepatic artery, replaced common hepatic artery, replaced common hepatic artery anastomosis with accessory left hepatic artery and an arc of Buhler. One of our variants has not yielded a precedent in literature search. We have compared these variants with Michels and Hiatt classification. It is known that different variants arise at distinct stages of embryonic development. As specialists in anatomy, we have tried to correlate the variants in our study with their embryological origins.
3.Does Combined Anterior-Posterior Approach Improve Outcomes Compared with Posterioronly Approach in Traumatic Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures?: A Systematic Review
Terence TAN ; Tom J. DONOHOE ; Milly Shu-Jing HUANG ; Joost RUTGES ; Travis MARION ; Joseph MATHEW ; Mark FITZGERALD ; Jin TEE
Asian Spine Journal 2020;14(3):388-398
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the surgical, radiological, and functional outcomes of posterior-only versus combined anterior-posterior approaches in patients with traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures. The ideal approach (anterior-only, posterior-only, or combined anterior-posterior) for the surgical management of thoracolumbar burst fracture remains controversial, with each approach having its advantages and disadvantages. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed (registration no., CRD42018115120). The authors reviewed comparative studies evaluating posterior-only approach compared with combined anterior-posterior approaches with respect to clinical, surgical, radiographic, and functional outcome measures. Five retrospective cohort studies were included. Postoperative neurological deterioration was not reported in either group. Operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative length of stay were increased among patients in the combined anterior-posterior group in one study and equivalent between groups in another study. No significant difference was observed between the two approaches with regards to long-term postoperative Cobb angle (mean difference, −0.2; 95% confidence interval, −5.2 to 4.8; p =0.936). Moreover, no significant difference in functional patient outcomes was observed in the 36item Short-Form Health Survey, Visual Analog Scale, and return-to-work rates between the two groups. The available evidence does not indicate improved clinical, radiologic (including kyphotic deformity), and functional outcomes in the combined anterior-posterior and posterior-only approaches in the management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures. Further studies are required to ascertain if a subset of patients will benefit from a combined anterior-posterior approach.
4.Evaluation and Comparison of the Biopathology of Collagen and Inflammation in the Extracellular Matrix of Oral Epithelial Dysplasias and Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia Using Picrosirius Red Stain and Polarising Microscopy: A Preliminary Study.
Soma Susan VARGHESE ; Sreenivasan Bargavan SAROJINI ; Giju Baby GEORGE ; Sankar VINOD ; Philips MATHEW ; Anulekh BABU ; Joseph SEBASTIAN
Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015;20(4):275-280
BACKGROUND: The role of tumour inflammation and the dysplastic epithelial-stromal interactions on the nature of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix of dysplastic epithelium is not fully understood. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the inflammation and pathological stromal collagen (loosely packed thin disorganized collagen) present in mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasias with that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasias. The basement membrane intactness of epithelial dysplasias was also evaluated to determine if dysplastic epithelial mesenchymal interaction has any role in the integrity of stromal collagen in epithelial dysplasia. METHODS: Oral epithelial dysplasias, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal oral mucosal samples were used for the study. Packing, thickness and orientation of collagen fibres in mild, moderate and severe grades of oral epithelial dysplasias (n = 24), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 8) and normal oral mucosal samples (n = 8) were analysed based on the polarisation of collagen fibres in picrosirius red polarising stain under polarising microscope. RESULTS: All the grades of epithelial dysplasias showed greenish yellow birefringence confirming the presence of loosely arranged pathological collagen in the presence of moderate inflammation. All the cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia showed red polarisation hue and moderate inflammation. A statistically significant difference was found in the packing and orientation of collagen when epithelial dysplasias and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia were compared (P < 0.01). When the intactness of basement membrane integrity was compared in all the groups of epithelial dysplasia, a statistically significant result was obtained (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of significant amount of loosely packed thin disoriented collagen even in mild epithelial dysplasia suggests that tumourigenic factors are released to connective tissue stroma much earlier than expected. Hence we suggest considering the integrity of extracellular matrix collagen, intactness of basement membrane and inflammation associated with dysplasia along with the anaplasia of epithelial cells in the microscopic assessment of dysplastic epithelium.
Anaplasia
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Basement Membrane
;
Birefringence
;
Collagen*
;
Connective Tissue
;
Epithelial Cells
;
Epithelium
;
Extracellular Matrix*
;
Hyperplasia*
;
Inflammation*
;
Microscopy*
;
Mouth Mucosa
5.Proportion of family caregivers at risk for committing elder abuse in Metro Manila 2020.
Danaleau Baldono ; Jean Shann Baguilat ; Mohammad -Al-Gandhe Azis ; Stephen Mathew Baking ; Jasper Bañ ; aga ; Estelle Marina Banzon ; Tifany Lou Baraero ; Lizette Anne Baratang ; Clarenz Kennedy Barrios ; Jerome Joseph Baseleres ; Maria Katrina Basilio
Health Sciences Journal 2021;10(2):135-143
INTRODUCTION:
Abuse of the elderly exists as a problem in both developed and developing countries. It can be in the form of fnancial exploitation, abandonment, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse, and the most common perpetrators are their own caregivers. This study aimed to determine the proportion of family caregivers in Metro Manila at risk for committing elder abuse.
METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed and data collection was done via a Google Form online survey. It consisted of two parts, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) questionnaire and the Short Form Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12). Respondents were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Google Sheets was used for data encoding and analysis.
RESULTS:
The study found that 29.03% of family caregivers have a high risk of abuse. The risk of committing elder abuse was highest among 18 to 32 year-old caregivers, males, those with monthly income of less than PhP 7,890, and those with at least a college or postgraduate degree. Most of the respondents were also found to have no to mild burden.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that there was a signifcant proportion of family caregivers at risk for elder abuse.
Caregivers
6.Administration of tranexamic acid for victims of severe trauma within pre-hospital care ambulance services (PHCAS) in Malaysia
Shah Jahan Mohd Yussof ; Shamila Mohamad Ali ; Nurul Azlean Norzan ; Mohd Amin Mohidin ; Anandakumar Krishnan ; Ahmad Ibrahim Kamal Batcha ; Ahmad Tajuddin Mohamad Nor ; Aik Howe Teo ; Mohamed Saed Mian ; Fatahul Laham Mohamed ; Ridzuan Mohd Isa ; Mohd Idzwan Zakaria ; Mohd Khairizam Mohd Yusoff ; Joseph Mathew ; Mark Fitzgerald ; Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin ; Kiat Kee Gan
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2019;74(4):300-306
Introduction: Trauma is a Global threat and the 5th highest
cause of all-cause mortality in Malaysia caused
predominantly due to road traffic accidents. Majority of
trauma victims are young adults aged between 21-40 years
old. In Malaysia, 24 out of 100,000 population die annually
due to trauma, rating us amongst the highest in South East
Asia. These alarming figures justify aggressive preventive
and mitigation strategies. The aim of this paper is to
promote the implementation of evidence-based
interventions that will reduce the rate of preventable death
because of trauma. Tranexamic acid is one of the few
interventions in the early management of severe trauma with
level-one evidence. Tranexamic acid has been proven to
reduce all causes of mortality and mortality due to bleeding.
Evidence proves that it is most effective when administered
early, particularly within the 1st hour of trauma. This
proposed guideline is formulated based upon quality
evidence from multicentre studies, clinical practices in other
countries and consideration of the local demographic
factors with the intent of enabling an easy and simple
pathway to administer tranexamic acid early in the care of
the severely injured.
Conclusion: The guideline highlights select pre-hospital
criteria’s and the methods for drug administration. The
authors recognise that some variants may be present
amongst certain institutions necessitating minor
adaptations, nevertheless the core principles of advocating
tranexamic acid early in the course of pre-hospital trauma
should be adhered to.