No abstract available.
Child* ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Vena Cava, Inferior*

No abstract available.
Vena Cava, Inferior*

DNA expression profiling using microarray technology has been applied to studies on the molecular classification of lung cancers, pathogenetic alterations in gene expressions and cellular path-ways, prediction of prognosis and metastasis, customized therapies, and drug development. Due to the wide variation in technical factors, different cohorts of patients and biological heterogeneity, the major hur-dle to successful clinical application is lack of robustness, reliability and reproducibility of data. With better standardization and better analytic approaches to cut down the noises from the high dimensionality of data, microarray technologies may be ready to make its way to the doctor's office with contribution to personal-ized treatment of lung cancer in the future.

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a very rare disorder with an unclear etiology with an extremely poor outcome. We report a case of female newborn who presented with direct hyperbilirubinemia without any evidence of congenital infection, immune related hemolysis or exogenous iron uptake. Diagnostic studies revealed highly elevated ferritin level. T2 weighted image of abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed decreased signal intensity of entire left lobe and a part of right lobe of liver with normal spleen. Liver biopsy showed a large amount of hemosiderin in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. All the biochemical and excretory liver functions normalized with conservative managements.
Biopsy ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hemochromatosis* ; Hemolysis ; Hemosiderin ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spleen

Methods: Data on demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities of patients who underwent PLF with subsequent readmission were obtained from the HCUP-NRD. The perioperative characteristics that were significantly different between patients readmitted with and without an active diagnosis of IBO were identified with bivariate analysis for both 30-day and 90-day readmissions. The significant characteristics were then included in a multivariate analysis to identify those that were independently associated with 30- day and 90-day readmissions. Results: Drug abuse (odds ratio [OR], 4.00), uncomplicated diabetes (OR, 2.06), having Medicare insurance (OR, 1.65), age 55–64 years (OR, 2.42), age 65–79 years (OR, 2.77), and age >80 years (OR, 3.87) were significant risk factors for 30-day readmission attributable to IBO after a PLF procedure. Conclusions Of the several preoperative risk factors identified for readmission with IBO after PLF surgery, drug abuse had the strongest association and was likely to be the most clinically relevant factor. Physicians and care teams should understand the risks of opioid-based pain management regimens, attempt to manage pain with a multimodal approach, and minimize the opioid use.

TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become apparent that several different TLRs regulate the function of lymphocytes as well, albeit to a lesser degree compared to innate immunity. TLR2 heterodimerizes with either TLR1 or TLR6 to broadly recognize bacterial lipopeptides as well as several danger-associated molecular patterns. In general, TLR2 signaling promotes immune cell activation leading to tissue inflammation, which is advantageous for combating an infection. Conversely, inappropriate or dysfunctional TLR2 signaling leading to an overactive inflammatory response could be detrimental during sterile inflammation and autoimmune disease. This review will highlight and discuss recent research advances linking TLR2 engagement to autoimmune inflammation.

TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become apparent that several different TLRs regulate the function of lymphocytes as well, albeit to a lesser degree compared to innate immunity. TLR2 heterodimerizes with either TLR1 or TLR6 to broadly recognize bacterial lipopeptides as well as several danger-associated molecular patterns. In general, TLR2 signaling promotes immune cell activation leading to tissue inflammation, which is advantageous for combating an infection. Conversely, inappropriate or dysfunctional TLR2 signaling leading to an overactive inflammatory response could be detrimental during sterile inflammation and autoimmune disease. This review will highlight and discuss recent research advances linking TLR2 engagement to autoimmune inflammation.

Background: Ankle fusion is considered a treatment of choice for end-stage ankle arthritis when a total ankle replacement procedure is not indicated. However, the potential risk of secondary arthritis in the adjacent joint after ankle fusion raises arguments on whether preserving the adjacent joint during an isolated tibiotalar (TT) fusion brings about any future benefits with regard to pain and gait discomfort. In this study, we intended to present midterm results following TT or tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion using an Ilizarov external fixator and to investigate whether spontaneous fusion occurred in the subtalar or midtarsal joint. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Medical records of patients who underwent TT or TTC fusion using an Ilizarov external fixator for substantial bone defects around the ankle joint between 1994 and 2018 were manually searched. Fortyone patients were included and the status of the joints adjacent to the fusion site was evaluated in radiographic examinations. Results: Of the 34 patients who underwent TT fusion, 30 patients (88.3%) had a spontaneous fusion in the adjacent joints. Specifically, 11 patients (29.4%) had subtalar joint fusion and 19 patients (55.9%) had both midtarsal joint and subtalar joint fusion. In TTC fusion, the midtarsal joint was spontaneously fused in all 7 patients. Conclusions In this study, we observed spontaneous adjacent joint fusion following TT or TTC fusion using an Ilizarov external fixator for substantial bone defects around the ankle joint. Although a careful approach should be made since patients treated in this study may not represent typical candidates that need primary joint-sacrificing procedures, we believe that this study may draw attention from surgeons concerned about the fate of the adjacent joint status after TT or TTC fusion.

Citrobacter freundii is frequently isolated in antimicrobial-resistant nosocomial infections. Many strains of Citrobacter freundii are capable of producing an inducible broad-spectrum beta-lactamase. We report a case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm infected with Citrobacter freundii. A 55-year-old woman presented with acute lower back pain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography revealed a saccular aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, with impending rupture. She underwent emergency surgery, during which a segment of aneurysmal aorta and infected tissue were completely removed and an in situ graft was placed for vascular reconstruction. The anastomotic site and inserted graft were wrapped with greater omentum. Citrobacter freundii was isolated by tissue culture from the resected aneurysmal wall.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; beta-Lactamases ; Citrobacter ; Citrobacter freundii ; Cross Infection ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; Rupture ; Transplants