Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal patency and nasomaxillary dimensions in children and adolescents with mouthbreathing through 8 years of clinical follow-up. Methods: RME was performed using a Hyrax orthodontic appliance in 28 mouth-breathers (6–13 years old).During follow-up, objective tests of nasal respiratory function were conducted, such as acoustic rhinometry, which provided the minimum cross-sectional areas of the nasal cavity, and active anterior computed rhinomanometry, which measured inspiratory nasal resistance. The tomographic widths of the coronal sections of the nose and maxilla were also measured. Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and numerical variables, respectively, in mouth-breathers with and without allergic rhinitis.Temporal evolution was assessed using generalized estimating equation models.Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was a reduction in inspiratory resistance after RME with a stable improvement in nasal patency during the 8-year follow-up period (P = 0.0179). All nasal and maxillary tomographic widths showed statistically significant increases in the short-term (P < 0.0001), and most of them showed significant increases in the long-term when compared with the pre-expansion period. Tomographic measurements were not influenced by allergic rhinitis. Conclusions Our study showed that RME promoted and maintained the widening of the posterior maxillary structure in children and adolescents with mouth-breathing, with a decrease in inspiratory nasal resistance during the 8-year follow-up period. These findings highlight the importance of RME in mouth-breathers with maxillary atresia.

Objective: Orthodontic appliances are commonly used to achieve anchorage during orthodontic treatments; however, their use can contribute to oral diseases. Studies have shown that bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin are highly effective in reducing orthodontic tooth movement. To determine the efficacy of bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin in reducing orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases—MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis—up to August 2, 2023. Clinical trials conducted in healthy animals, where bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin were administered during tooth movement, were included. The search identified 3,099 articles, which underwent a two-phase screening process, resulting in twelve studies for the systematic review and seven for the meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool, and Egger’s regression was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: The administration of bisphosphonates was more effective than osteoprotegerin in reducing mesiodistal orthodontic movement. However, osteoprotegerin did not significantly reduce orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusions The findings align with previous studies, confirming the superior efficacy of bisphosphonates over osteoprotegerin. Further research is required to determine the optimal dosage and mechanism of action for these drugs in clinical practice, considering the specific objectives of orthodontic treatments.

An infected aortic aneurysm (IAA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening pathology characterized by rapid growth and a substantial risk of rupture compared to non-infected aneurysms. Reports on the endovscular treatment of infected paravisceral aneurysms are limited in the literature. This article describes our experience with endovascular repair of IAAs involving the visceral arteries and includes a literature review. We present two cases of symptomatic IAAs located at the celiac trunk ostium in high-risk surgical patients. Both cases were successfully treated with the parallel stent grafting (PG) technique in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy. A bibliographic review of the endovascular treatment of IAAs was also conducted. Complex endovascular repair of paravisceral IAAs using a combination of a thoracic aortic stent graft and PG, together with prolonged antibiotic therapy, appears to be a reasonable treatment option with promising short- and medium-term results.

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer prevention relies on surveillance colonoscopy, with the adenoma detection rate as a key factor in examination quality. Linked color imaging (LCI) enhances lesion contrast and improves the examination performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of LCI on adenoma detection rate in adults who underwent colonoscopy. Methods: We searched the Medline, PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases for randomized controlled trials comparing the use of LCI versus white light imaging (WLI), published up to March 2023. The outcomes included lesion characteristics, number of adenomas per patient, and the additional polyp detection rate. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the analysis, which showed that LCI was more accurate than WLI in detecting adenomas, with an increased number of adenomas detected per patient. Although LCI performed well in terms of lesion size, morphology, and location, the subgroup analyses did not reveal any statistically significant differences between LCI and WLI. The addition of LCI did not result in significant improvements in the detection of serrated lesions, and there were no differences in the withdrawal time between groups. Conclusions LCI has been shown to be effective in detecting colonic lesions, improving the number of adenomas detected per patient and improving polyp detection rate without negatively affecting other quality criteria in colonoscopy.

Nasal myiasis is an infestation by dipterous larvae within the nasal cavity, where they feed on both living tissue andfluid. This condition predominantly occurs in rural areas of tropical countries, where inadequate sanitation and ahot, humid climate create an ideal environment for larvae development. A 57-year-old, otherwise healthy male ruralworker presented with a toothache in the region of the maxillary incisors. Imaging studies identified a punctiformradiopaque/hyperdense area near the nasal septum in the left nasal fossa. The larva was surgically excised andsent for histopathological analysis. Histologic sections confirmed the clinical diagnosis, and the patient remainedasymptomatic after a 2-month follow-up. Nasal myiasis can mimic the symptoms of a toothache in the anterior region of the maxilla. This condition can affect even immunocompetent patients, and complementary imaging studies may be decisive in diagnosing it.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal patency and nasomaxillary dimensions in children and adolescents with mouthbreathing through 8 years of clinical follow-up. Methods: RME was performed using a Hyrax orthodontic appliance in 28 mouth-breathers (6–13 years old).During follow-up, objective tests of nasal respiratory function were conducted, such as acoustic rhinometry, which provided the minimum cross-sectional areas of the nasal cavity, and active anterior computed rhinomanometry, which measured inspiratory nasal resistance. The tomographic widths of the coronal sections of the nose and maxilla were also measured. Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and numerical variables, respectively, in mouth-breathers with and without allergic rhinitis.Temporal evolution was assessed using generalized estimating equation models.Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was a reduction in inspiratory resistance after RME with a stable improvement in nasal patency during the 8-year follow-up period (P = 0.0179). All nasal and maxillary tomographic widths showed statistically significant increases in the short-term (P < 0.0001), and most of them showed significant increases in the long-term when compared with the pre-expansion period. Tomographic measurements were not influenced by allergic rhinitis. Conclusions Our study showed that RME promoted and maintained the widening of the posterior maxillary structure in children and adolescents with mouth-breathing, with a decrease in inspiratory nasal resistance during the 8-year follow-up period. These findings highlight the importance of RME in mouth-breathers with maxillary atresia.

Objective: Orthodontic appliances are commonly used to achieve anchorage during orthodontic treatments; however, their use can contribute to oral diseases. Studies have shown that bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin are highly effective in reducing orthodontic tooth movement. To determine the efficacy of bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin in reducing orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases—MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis—up to August 2, 2023. Clinical trials conducted in healthy animals, where bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin were administered during tooth movement, were included. The search identified 3,099 articles, which underwent a two-phase screening process, resulting in twelve studies for the systematic review and seven for the meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool, and Egger’s regression was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: The administration of bisphosphonates was more effective than osteoprotegerin in reducing mesiodistal orthodontic movement. However, osteoprotegerin did not significantly reduce orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusions The findings align with previous studies, confirming the superior efficacy of bisphosphonates over osteoprotegerin. Further research is required to determine the optimal dosage and mechanism of action for these drugs in clinical practice, considering the specific objectives of orthodontic treatments.