We are currently living in an era where the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing has allowed individualized orthodontic treatments, but has also incorporated enhanced digitalized technology that does not permit improvisation. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze publications that assessed the accuracy and efficiency of the Invisalign® system. A systematic review was performed using a search strategy to identify articles that referenced Invisalign®, which were published between August 2007 and August 2017, and listed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and LILACS. Additionally, a manual search of clinical trials was performed in scientific journals and other databases. To rate the methodological quality of the articles, a grading system described by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care was used, in combination with the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. We selected 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria and excluded 5 due to excess biases. The level of evidence was high. Although it is possible to treat malocclusions with plastic systems, the results are not as accurate as those achieved by treatment with fixed appliances.

There is strong evidence that paranoia can be an existing trait in the general population as a continuous dimension ranging from minimal levels to paranoid personality traits, and that at its maximum expression could take the form of disabling psychotic disorders such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia however, and according to Caviedes, GEC and Yonfá, EDA. Here are studies in which the existence of comorbidity between paranoid, borderline, antisocial and histrionic personality and problematic alcohol consumption is mentioned which in psychopathological terminology is called dual pathology (comorbidity of mental disorder and toxic consumption).

Diabetes constitutes a worldwide epidemic that affects all ethnic groups. Cell therapy is one of the best alternatives of treatment, by providing an effective way to regenerate insulin-producing cells lost during the course of the disease, but many issues remain to be solved. Several groups have been working in the development of a protocol capable of differentiating Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into physiologically sound Insulin Producing Cells (IPCs). In order to obtain a simple, fast and direct method, we propose in this manuscript the induction of MSCs to express NESTIN in a short time period (2 h), proceeded by incubation in a low glucose induced medium (24 h) and lastly by incubation in a high glucose medium. Samples from cell cultures incubated in high glucose medium from 12 to 168 h were obtained to detect the expression of INSULIN-1, INSULIN -2, PDX-1 and GLUT-2 genes. Induced cells were exposed to a glucose challenge, in order to assess the production of insulin. This method allowed us to obtain cells expressing PDX-1, which resembles a progenitor insulin-producing cell.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Ethnic Groups ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Methods ; Nestin*

A protocol of polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNAs (PCR-RAPDs) was established to analyse the gene diversity and genotype identification for clones of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. in Chile. Ten (out of 34) clones from introduction trial located in Voipir-Villarrica, Chile, were studied. The PCR-RAPDs technique and a modified hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol were used for genomic DNA extraction. The PCR tests were carried out employing 10-mer random primers. The amplification products were detected by electrophoresis in agarose gels. Forty nine polymorphic bands were obtained with the selected primers (BG04, BF07, BF12, BF13, and BF14) and were ordered according to their molecular size. The genetic similarity between samples was calculated by the Jaccard index and a dendrogram was constructed using a cluster analysis of unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Of the primers tested, 5 (out of 60) RAPD primers were selected for their reproducibility and high polymorphism. A total of 49 polymorphic RAPD bands were detected out of 252 bands. The genetic similarity analysis demonstrates an extensive genetic variability between the tested clones and the dendrogram depicts the genetic relationships among the clones, suggesting a geographic relationship. The results indicate that the RAPD markers permitted the identification of the assayed clones, although they are derived from the same geographic origin.
Genotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Sequoia ; classification ; genetics

A case of sexual assault and murder of a minor perpetrated by a subject who kept the body hidden for more than a year in his own home is illustrated, with waste of all kinds and configuring a pathological personality profile of Syndrome of Diogenes.

One of the illegal-criminological phenomena that have had the greatest impact on society is the perpetration of sexual abuse and/or assault in the ecclesiastical sphere. The media and public’s knowledge of this type of criminal act causes an important social repercussion of collective repulsion Tiffon, et al. In sexual terms and within the clerical and religious sphere, the priest does not repress or is prohibited from his sexuality; rather, he sublimates it by understanding that he must have sufficient capacity and self-control to sacrifice his sexuality to channel it to a higher good. In fact, there are very sexually promiscuous people who are unbalanced and celibate people who are balanced Echeburúa

BACKGROUND: Sclerostin inhibits osteoblast functions, differentiations, and survival rates. As an endogenous inhibitor of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, the sclerostin should be related to decreased bone masses, although several studies indicate opposite results. In addition, it may be related to insulin resistances and carbohydrate metabolisms, a relation shared with other markers of bone metabolisms, such as osteocalcin. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients may present osteoporosis, and frequently show liver steatosis, which is a consequence of insulin resistance. The behaviour of sclerostin in these patients is yet unknown. The aim of this work is to analyse the relationships between serum sclerostin and osteocalcin levels and bone mineral density (BMD), liver functions, the intensity of liver steatosis and biochemical markers of bone homeostasis and insulin resistance in HCV-infected patients. METHODS: Forty HCV patients with 20 years of age and gender-matching controls were included in this study and underwent bone densitometry. Serum sclerostin, osteocalcin, collagen telopeptide, adiponectin, leptin, insulin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined. Liver fat was histomorphometrically assessed. RESULTS: Sclerostin levels were slightly higher in patients than in controls, and were directly related to BMD at different parts of the skeleton, also to the serum telopeptide, and to the liver steatosis and TNF-alpha. On the contrary, osteocalcin showed a significant direct relationship with serum adiponectin, and an inverse one with IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Serum sclerostin levels were within the normal range in HCV patients, and correlated directly with BMD and serum telopeptide. In addition, the relationships of sclerostin and osteocalcin with variables associated with insulin resistance suggested the role of bones for intermediary metabolisms.
Adiponectin ; Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Collagen ; Densitometry ; Fatty Liver ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Leptin ; Liver ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis ; Reference Values ; Resistin ; Skeleton ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Progressive facial hemiatrophy, also known as Parry-Romberg syndrome, is a progressive and self-limited deformation of the subcutaneous tissue volume on one side of the face that creates craniofacial asymmetry. We present the case of a patient with a five-year history of progressive right facial hemiatrophy, who underwent facial volumetric restoration using cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), which consists of an autologous fat graft enriched with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) extracted from the same patient. ASCs have the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes. They also promote angiogenesis, release angiogenic growth factors, and some can survive as stem cells. The use of autologous fat as a filler in soft tissue atrophy has been satisfactory in patients with mild and moderate Parry-Romberg syndrome. Currently, CAL has showed promising results in the long term by decreasing the rate of fat reabsorption. The permanence and stability of the graft in all the injected areas has showed that autologous fat grafts enriched with stem cells could be a promising technique for the correction of defects caused by this syndrome.
Adipocytes ; Atrophy ; Facial Hemiatrophy ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Stem Cells ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tissue Therapy ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Ezetimibe-statin combination therapy has been found to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in large trials. We sought to examine the differential effect of ezetimibe on MACEs when added to statins according to the presence of diabetes. METHODS: Randomized clinical trials with a sample size of at least 50 participants and at least 24 weeks of follow-up that compared ezetimibe-statin combination therapy with a statin- or placebo-controlled arm and reported at least one MACE, stratified by diabetes status, were included in the meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: A total of seven trials with 28,191 enrolled patients (mean age, 63.6 years; 75.1% men; 7,298 with diabetes [25.9%]; mean follow-up, 5 years) were analysed. MACEs stratified by diabetes were obtained from the published data (two trials) or through direct contact (five trials). No significant heterogeneity was observed among studies (I 2=14.7%, P=0.293). Ezetimibe was associated with a greater reduction of MACE risk in subjects with diabetes than in those without diabetes (pooled relative risk, 0.84 vs. 0.93; P heterogeneity=0.012). In the meta-regression analysis, the presence of diabetes was associated with a greater reduction of MACE risk when ezetimibe was added to statins (β=0.87, P=0.038). CONCLUSION: Ezetimibe-statin combination therapy was associated with greater cardiovascular benefits in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Our findings suggest that ezetimibe-statin combination therapy might be a useful strategy in patients with diabetes at a residual risk of MACEs.
Arm ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Ezetimibe ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Population Characteristics ; Sample Size ; Stroke

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene plays an important role in several biological functions. Polymorphisms of the eNOS gene have been associated with cancer. It has been suggested that the VNTR 4 a/b polymorphism may affect the expression of eNOS and contributes to tumor promotion in the mammary gland. We examined the role of the eNOS4 a/b polymorphism by comparing the genotypes of 281 healthy Mexican women with the genotypes of 429 Mexican women with breast cancer (BC). The observed genotype frequencies for control and BC patients were 0.6% and 0.7% for a/a (polymorphic); 87% and 77% for a/a (wild type); and 12% and 22% for a/b respectively. We found that the odds ratio (OR) was 1.9, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 1.29-2.95, P = 0.001 for genotypes a/a-a/b, b/c. The association was also evident when comparing the distribution of the a/a-a/b genotypes in patients with high levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14-3.28; P = 0.015); undergoing menopause with high levels of SGOT (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.84); and with high levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.56-8.22). The genotypes a/a-a/b are associated with BC susceptibility in the analyzed samples from the Mexican population.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/*blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/*blood ; Breast Neoplasms/*blood/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mexico ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide