Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of Hodgkin lymphoma have led to a new classification. Hodgkin lymphoma is now recognized as a B-cell disorder of germinal center or post-germinal center origin. In the WHO classification, Hodgkin lymphoma consists of two categories, namely, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses not only nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion subtypes, but also lymphocyte-rich subtype, among which, nodular sclerosis stands out as a distinct entity. A borderline neoplasm with features intermediate between Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has also been recognized.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Germinal Center ; Hodgkin Disease ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Sclerosis

Malignant lymphoma encompasses a wide variety of distinct disease entities. It is generally more common in developed countries and less common in developing countries. The East Asia region has one of the lowest incidence rates of malignant lymphoma. The incidence of malignant lymphoma around the world has been increasing at a rate of 3-4% over the last 4 decades, while some stabilization has been observed in developed countries in recent years. The reasons behind this lymphoma epidemic are poorly understood, although improving diagnostic accuracy, the recent AIDS epidemic, an aging world population and the increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors are suggested as contributing factors. Etiologies of malignant lymphoma include infectious agents, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease, exposure to certain organic chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The distribution of many subtypes exhibit marked geographic variations. Compared to the West, T/natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas (T/NK-cell lymphoma) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) are relatively more common, whereas other B-cell lymphomas, particularly follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, are less common in Asia. Some subtypes of T/NK-cell lymphomas defined by Epstein-Barr virus association are predominantly Asian diseases, if not exclusively so. Both ethnic and environmental factors play roles in such diversity. In this review, we discuss the geographic distribution and etiology of malignant lymphoma, as well as the trend.
Adoption ; Aging ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Far East ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; Organic Chemicals

No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, Follicular*

No abstract available.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia*

Hodgkin's disease presenting with spinal cord compression owing to extradural and bone involvement is extremely unusual. A 48-year-old man presented with progressive lower extremity weakness resulting from spinal cord compression attributable to an epidural mass in the thoracic vertebrae. The patient underwent decompressive surgery, and was then treated with chemotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. However, the disease progressed, and we performed second decompressive surgery with stabilization. Subsequent histopathological investigations revealed Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bone. Here, we describe an unusual case of spinal Hodgkin's lymphoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis to draw attention to this combination as a possible diagnosis in patients with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate lesions in the spine.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spine ; Thoracic Vertebrae

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis* ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Splenic Rupture*

PURPOSE: It is well recognized that apoptosis is important in embryonic development, homeostatic control of normal tissues, carcinogenesis, tumor development and cancer therapy. Several papers have been reported the phenomenon of radiation-induced apoptosis and suggested its potential relevance to cancer radiotherapy. It has been shown that apoptosis is regulated by various cytokines. But the relationship between radiation induced apoptosis and cytokines have not fully understood in detail, yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we performed to determine the role of cytokine in the radiation -induced apoptosis of rat's small intestine. The rats were divided into 6 groups according to the sacrifice day (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days) after whole body irradiation with single dose of 8 Gy. RESULTS: Radiation induced intestinal damage was noted from first day of radiation and the most active regeneration was seen in the groups of 5 days after radiation. Abundant apoptosis were observed in damaged crypts of small intestine 1 day after radiation. Afterwards, the number of apoptosis was gradually diminished, but the second peak of apoptosis was noted in 5 days after radiation. On immunohistochemical study, IL-1, and TNF were expressed 1 day after radiation, but not expressed after that. IL-6 was expressed with strong positivity in 1, 3 days after radiation. CONCLUSION: A apoptosis seems to be the important mechanism of radiation induced small intestinal damage, and is possibly induced by the release of cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF, in view the simultaneously increased appearance of apoptosis and cytokines. The second peak of increased apoptosis is thought to be related to remodeling of active regenerative activity, and it is not associated with cytokine expression.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cytokines* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Intestine, Small* ; Pregnancy ; Radiotherapy ; Rats* ; Regeneration ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 gene are the most frequently observed genetic lesions in human cancers. It seems that wild type p53 does significant role on growth and differentiation of normal cells, Mutations and allelic loss of the p53 gene are thought to be a cause of tumor development and to be correlated with the prognostic factors in various human cancers such as breast, ovary and lung cancer. Mutant p53 proteins have a prolonged half-life and can be detected by immunohistochemistry. In case of GTD(gestational trophoblastic disease), although the mutation of p53 gene mutation was revealed to be very rare, the overexpression of p53 in immunohistochemical staining has been reported in wide range of discrepancy and its role or prognostic significance in GTD is uncertain. This study is performed to define the status of p53 overexpression in GTD and to evaluate the correlations between p53 overexpression and prognostic factors of GTD. THE RESULTS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 1. p53 overexpression was detected in none of normal placental tissue, in 58.3%(14/24) of hydatidiform mole, in 15%(6/8) of invasive mole, in 75%(3/4) of choriocarcinoma, and in 100%(1/1) of placental site trophoblastic tumor, and showed significant difference between normal placenta and GTD. We could not find any difference of the p53 overexpression between benign group(H-mole) of GTD and malignant one(invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor) 2. In H-mole, low-risk group showed significantly higher prevalence of p53 overexpression than high-risk group did. In malignant group, there is no difference in the prevalence of p53 overexpression between early(FIGO stage I) and late(II- IV)stage-diseases, but the prevalence of p53 overexpression of low-risk group is slightly higher than that of high-risk group although we failed to find statistical significance. In conclusion, the high prevalence of p53 overexpression in GTD suggests that p53 may have a certain role in the pathogenesis of GTD or at least represent generalized DNA damage or genetic instability of GTD. And the higher prevalence of p53 overexpression in low-risk group suggests that accumulation of wild-type p53 may be related with favorable prognosis in GTD.
Breast ; Choriocarcinoma ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease* ; Half-Life ; Humans* ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive ; Immunohistochemistry ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lung Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site ; Trophoblasts

LMP (latent membrane protein)-1 protein is one of the Epstein-Barr viral proteins and it is the most crucial one for the transforming activity. It is known to show considerable variation in its nucleic acid sequence and some biologic difference is reported to be associated with the variation. Twenty four cases of the EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease cases were searched for the 30-bp deletion within the C terminal intracytoplasmic domain of LMP-1 oncogene, one of the well-known genetic variation, by PCR and Southern blot using selected sets of primers and probes. The strain of the virus was also determined with PCR. Each case was positive both on LMP-1 immunostaining and in situ hybridization for EBER (Epstein-Barr encoded RNA). Deletion within LMP-1 oncogene was identified in 22 cases (92%), of which 5 cases showed wild form as well as a deleted form of LMP-1 at the same specimens. In seven cases showing the non-deleted form, pure or mixed with a deleted form, the distribution of sex and age was similar to that of the deleted form-only-group, but there was a slight tendency for a higher stage at presentation (4 of the 7 cases presented with stage IV). Those seven cases comprised of 4 cases of nodular sclerosis (NS), 2 cases of mixed cellularity (MC) and a case of lymphocyte depletion subtype while there were 9 and 12 cases of NS and MC among all the examined cases, respectively. Two cases with both a deleted form and the non-deleted form of LMP-1 showed type I and II strain of the virus while all the others contained only type of the. In conclusion, the rate of deletion in LMP-1 oncogene in our series was higher than that reported in western countries and there was a slight tendency for higher stages in cases detecting mixed deleted and non-deleted forms of LMP-1 than in cases a of deleted from of LMP-1.
Blotting, Southern ; Genetic Variation ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Korea* ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Membranes ; Oncogenes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sclerosis ; Viral Proteins