No abstract available.
Capsid Proteins* ; Capsid* ; Genome*

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

The transorbital intracranial injury is a rare penetrating brain injury and few homicidal cases were reported. We report a case of 37 year-old man who died from a homicidal transorbital intracranial injury. The assailant was one of his friends, who pierced his left eye by a metallic chopstick. Despite the intensive care, he died one week after. Postmortem examination revealed only a small laceration with subcutaneous hematoma in left lower eyelid, fractures of medial orbital roof, body of sphenoid bone and sella turcica, diffuse cerebral edema, basal subarachnoid hematoma, focal subdural hematoma, and intraventricular hematoma in the right lateral ventricle.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Brain Edema ; Eyelids ; Friends ; Head Injuries, Penetrating ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Homicide ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Lacerations ; Lateral Ventricles ; Orbit ; Sella Turcica ; Sphenoid Bone

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Vitiligo*

Background: Solar urticaria (SU) is a rare type of photodermatosis characterized by the appearance of itchy wheals and erythema within minutes after exposure to sunlight or artificial light. Only a few studies have analyzed the clinical and photobiological features of SU in Asia. Objective: We aimed to analyze the clinical and photobiological characteristics of SU. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with SU who visited the Department of Dermatology at the Konkuk University Medical Center between January 2005 and October 2020. Results: Of the 52 patients, 43 (82.7%) were men, and 9 (17.3%) were women. The mean age at onset was 17.5 years (5∼47 years), and the mean threshold time was 21.2 minutes. Among the 36 patients who underwent phototesting, the action spectrum predominantly responsible for SU was ultraviolet (UV) A only in 14 (38.9%) patients and visible light (415 nm) only in nine (25.0%) patients. Three patients (8.3%) were induced by both UVA and visible light (415 nm). In eight (22.2%) patients, the symptoms were triggered only by natural sunlight. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured in 39 patients, and 21 (53.8%) patients showed elevated IgE levels. Oral antihistamine (48.1%) was the most widely used treatment, followed by oral cyclosporine (15.4%) and phototherapy (11.5%). Conclusion SU is an uncommon type of photodermatosis in Korea, with a greater prevalence in men. In this study, UVA was found to be the predominant action spectrum responsible for SU.

Background: Solar urticaria (SU) is a rare type of photodermatosis characterized by the appearance of itchy wheals and erythema within minutes after exposure to sunlight or artificial light. Only a few studies have analyzed the clinical and photobiological features of SU in Asia. Objective: We aimed to analyze the clinical and photobiological characteristics of SU. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with SU who visited the Department of Dermatology at the Konkuk University Medical Center between January 2005 and October 2020. Results: Of the 52 patients, 43 (82.7%) were men, and 9 (17.3%) were women. The mean age at onset was 17.5 years (5∼47 years), and the mean threshold time was 21.2 minutes. Among the 36 patients who underwent phototesting, the action spectrum predominantly responsible for SU was ultraviolet (UV) A only in 14 (38.9%) patients and visible light (415 nm) only in nine (25.0%) patients. Three patients (8.3%) were induced by both UVA and visible light (415 nm). In eight (22.2%) patients, the symptoms were triggered only by natural sunlight. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured in 39 patients, and 21 (53.8%) patients showed elevated IgE levels. Oral antihistamine (48.1%) was the most widely used treatment, followed by oral cyclosporine (15.4%) and phototherapy (11.5%). Conclusion SU is an uncommon type of photodermatosis in Korea, with a greater prevalence in men. In this study, UVA was found to be the predominant action spectrum responsible for SU.

Background: The current trend of using short femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with angular deviation of the femoral stem towards the native femoral axis. The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in stem tilt angle between two different stems with a similar design except for the stem length. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 66 patients who underwent primary THA between April 2012 and May 2016, using a trans-gluteal direct lateral approach by a single surgeon. We evaluated the femoral stem tilt angle in both the coronal and sagittal planes and performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate possible risk factors. We also simulated the range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint using three-dimensional computer-aided design software (SolidWorks, 2016) to examine the clinical significance of femoral stem tilt. Results: The mean coronal tilt angle was 1.8° ± 1.0° in the conventional stem group and 1.6° ± 1.1° in the short stem group, showing no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.570). However, the mean sagittal tilt angle was 4.0° ± 2.0° in the conventional stem group and 7.8° ± 2.0° in the short stem group (p < 0.001). The stem type and stem length had a linear correlation with the sagittal tilt angle (p < 0.001) in multivariate regression analysis. A simulated hip ROM demonstrated a 3.8° decrease in extension in proportion to a 3.8° increase in the mean sagittal stem tilt angle of the short femoral stem. Conclusions Anterior femoral stem tilting in the sagittal plane was prominent when the shorter stem was used, and anterior tilting was responsible for decreased ROM in hip extension.

Coronary arteriovenous fistula is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly in adults. Most such fistula drain into a right heart chamber or into the pulmonary artery. Congenital left coronary artery-left ventricle fistula is even more uncommon. Aortography and selective coronary angiography are still the diagnostic mode of choice. However, recent studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional echocardiography with or without Doppler color flow imaging is a useful noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula. A 29 year-old female who had an exertional dyspnea, chest pain, and continuous diastolic murmur was referred to our hospital for further evaluation. The transthoracic two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography revealed a dilated left coronary artery which was drained into left ventricle. The coronary angiography showed that the left circumflex artery was very dilated and tortuous, and contrast medium passed from the left circumflex artery into the left ventricular cavity via a fistula. However, the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending artery were normal. We reported a case of an echocardiographically documented fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the left ventricle in young woman.
Adult ; Aortography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Female ; Fistula* ; Heart ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery