No abstract available.
Animals ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea*

No abstract available.
Basement Membrane* ; Epithelium*

That mast cells play a role in acute allergic inflammation by releasing various inflammatory mediators, including histamine, leukotrienes (LT), such as LTC4 and LTD4, and prostaglandins (PG), such as PGD2, is well known. Additionally, mast cells contribute to the development of allergic inflammation also through the release of multifunctional cytokines. The incidence of intraepithelial mast cells (IEMC) is found to be greater in nasal mucosa exposed to an allergen, and the cells are thought to play an important role in producing the immediate allergic reaction. Lamina propira mast cells (LPMC) are known to be the dominant source of TH2 cytokine and are responsible for development of the late phases of an allergic reaction They may upregulate the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells and induce basophil and eosinophil recruitment. Based on these consideration it can be proposed that mast cell is a initiating cell of allergic reaction in target organ and IEMC and LPMC have capacity to make major contribution to both immediate or late phase reaction of allergic rhinitis.
Basophils ; Cytokines ; Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophils ; Histamine ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene C4 ; Leukotriene D4 ; Leukotrienes ; Mast Cells* ; Nasal Mucosa ; Prostaglandin D2 ; Prostaglandins ; Rhinitis*

No abstract available.
Bell Palsy* ; Gadolinium* ; Herpes Zoster Oticus* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Caloric Tests*

No abstract available.
Bronchogenic Cyst*

No abstract available.

Angiomyoma is a benign myogenic tumor which can be found wherever smooth muscle is present. They are most commonly found in the alimentary tract, female genito-urinary tract, skin and subcutaneous tissues, but are rare in the area of the head and neck due to the scarcity of smooth muscle tissue. Because of their rarity, these tumors are often clinically misdiagnosed and identified only after histological examination. We present a case of angioleiomyoma which was found in the nasal dorsum and was excised by open rhinoplasty approach.
Angiomyoma* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neck ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Laryngeal*

The orbital apex syndrome is a very rare complication of fungal sinusitis, as well as of other conditions, and is characterized by blindness, diplopia, proptosis of the eye and ophthalmoplegia. We present a case of diplopia caused by a fungal ball in the Onodi cell. A 62-year-old woman, diagnosed with orbital apex syndrome and suffering from ophthalmalgia and diplopia in the right eye, was presented to our outpatient clinic. Computed tomography showed a soft tissue lesion occupying the right Onodi cell with chronic inflammation. Patients who have an Onodi cell carry a high risk for optic nerve injury, so endoscopic sinus surgery using navigation was performed. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of a fungal ball. We experienced a rare case of a fungal ball in the Onodi cell, which caused damage to the adjacent cavernous sinus structure and led to diplopia and orbital pain. We present this case with a brief review of these disease entities.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Blindness ; Cavernous Sinus ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia* ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Orbit ; Sinusitis