Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) is a distinctive clinical entity first described by Rower et al. in 1978. It is characterized by a single area of uniformly tan cribriform macular pigmentation in a zosteriform distriggtjpp with no preceding history of skin rash, injury or inflammation. It begins well after birth with gradual extension and is not associatad with any other cutaneous or internal abnormalities. Histologically, there is a mild increase in melanin pigment in the basal cell layer and complete absence of nevus cells. Recently, we observed clinical and histological featurea of 5 cases of PCZH. The age at onset ranged from 4 to 35 years. The lesions were unilaterally distributed on face, neck, chest, or abdomen. Histologically there was a mild increase in melanin pigment in the basal cell layer. PCZH must be differentiated from Beckers hairy nevus which begins with a unilateral lesion of irregularly macular pigmentation but occasionally it may be multiple or bilateral. In early stage, overgrowth of hairs may be absent but after a few years it is usually present. PCZH is characterized by uniformly tan cribriform pigmentation in zosteriform distribution, which is unilateral and does not cross the midline of the body. Overgrowth of hairs is absent even after a few years. So the lesions of Beckers hairy nevus previously reported, which were unilateral and did not cross the midline of the body and did not show overgrowth of hairs even after a few years, must be called progressive cribriform and zosteriforrn hyperpigmentation.
Abdomen ; Exanthema ; Hair ; Hyperpigmentation ; Inflammation ; Melanins ; Neck ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Pigmentation ; Thorax ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

A statistical study was done on 2205 skin tumors filed at Department of Clinical Pathology, Han Kang and Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital during last 10 years from 1980 to 1989. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The number of skin tumor surveyed was 2205 among total 67931 biopsy specimens, 2052 benign skin tumors, 153 malignant tumors. 2. The specimens were requested from the Department of Surgery(707 cases, 32.1 %), Dermatology(618 cases, 28.0%), Plastic Surgery(354 cases, 15.79o), and Or thopedic Surgery(223 cases, 10.1% ). 3. Among 2052 benign skin tumors, the frequently observed tumors were epidermal cyst(577 cases, 28.1%), lipoma(398 cases, 19.4%), melanocytic nevus(121 cases, 5.9 %), dermatofibroma(74 cases, 3.6%), cavernous hemangioma(72 cases, 3.5%), ea.ch of pilmatricoma and neurofibroma(63 cases, 3.1% ), granuloma pyogenicum(57 cases, 2.8%), neurilemmoma(53 cases, 2.6%), seborrheic keratosis(45 cases, 2.2%), soft fibroma(45 cases, 2.2%). 4. Among 153 malignant tumors, the frequently observed tumors were squamaus cell carcinoma(50 cases, 32.7%), basal cell carcinoma(45 cases, 29.4%), malignant melanoma(8 cases, 5.2%), Bowens disease(7 cases, 4.6%), metastatic skin tumors(7 cases, 4.6%) in order. Male to female ratio of malignant tumors was 1.6:1 and the peak age incidence was in 6th decade. 5. Male to female ratio of squamous cell carcinoma was 3.2:1 and of basal cell carcinoma 1: 1.3. The peak age incidences of both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma were 6th decade. The predilection sites of squmous cell carcinoma were face, neck and genitalia and those of basal cell carcinoma were face, lower extremities, neck and trunk.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Genitalia ; Granuloma ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Pathology, Clinical ; Skin* ; Statistics as Topic

Reticulated pigrnented anomalies of the flexures is a pigmentary disorder bearing genetic back ground, also known as Dowling Degos disease or dark dot disease. It is characterized reticulated brownish black macules on the flexural areas with the histological features of filiform pigmented epidermal downward proliferation and the presence of intraepidermal keratin containing cysts. We report 34-year-old housewife who showed brawnish black reticulated macules on her axillae, anterior neck and genitocural folds. Pigmented comedones were also found at the marginal areas of the axillae. Biopsy specimen revealed the presence of intraepidermal keratin containing cysts and basilar hyperpigmentation.
Adult ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Malignant Atrophic Papulosis ; Neck ; Pigmentation

BACKGROUND: Specified clinical observations regarding skin changes in viral hepatitis have not yet been accomplished in Korea, especially in view of serotypes. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to identify various cutaneous manifestations of viral hepatitis according to viral serotypes and the stages of the disease. METHODS: We performed a clinical observation of cutaneous manifestations in 450 patients who were diagnosed with viral hepatitis. RESULTS: 1. Cutaneous manifestations were found in 383(85.1%) patients. Patients with a longer duration seemed to have skin lesions more frequently. 2. The frequency of cutaneous manifestations was highest in HAV(94.4%) and HBV(84.9%) serotypes. The most common cutaneous manifestation was pruritus(32.4%) in all studied subjects. In HBV hepatitic patients, the most common cutaneous manifestation was pruritus(35.4%), in HCV hepatitic patients, vasculitic purpura(74.5%), in HAV hepatitic patients, urticaria(88.8%), in the hepatitic patients with the mixed form, spider angioma(30.2%) and vasculitic purpura(30.2%). 3. Urticarial lesions in non-HCV hepatitis were of the lymphocytic vasculitis type but HCV hepatitis was associated with neutrophilic vasculitis. The purpuric lesions with HCV hepatitis were of the neutrophilic vasculitis type while lymphocytic vasculitis was present in non-HCV hepatitis. 4. The most severe pruritus was present in HBV hepatitic patients. CONCLUSION: The cutaneous manifestations in viral hepatitis have different clinical features depending on the viral types.
Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Korea ; Neutrophils ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Spiders ; Vasculitis

Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies(OKT series. OKT4a, OKTSA, OKT)1) immunoperoxidase technique study for the presence of T cells in cutaneous lesions from four patients with erythema multiforme showed that most dermal and epidermal lymphoid cells were reactive with monoclonal antibodies to anti-pan T cell (l3KT11) in this semiquantitative assay. In the dermis most of the perivascular lirmphoid infiltrates were reactive with anti-helper/inducer T cell antibody, but in the epidermis and in the derrnopidermal interface the predominant cells were identified as suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The histologic and immunopathologic changes in erythema multiforme appear to be due in part to cellular immune rnechanisms with the lyrnphocyte as the predominant effector cell. But complex interplays with other humoral immune mechanisms might be in work for the development of erythema multiforme.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Erythema Multiforme* ; Erythema* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes*

The study was undertaken to clarify any quantitative abnormalities in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T subsets, mediating cell meliated immunity, and the presence of any relation between the degree of quantitative abnormalities and extent of skin lesions and activity of disease in patients with psoriasis by monoclonal antibodies. The results were as follows. 1. Mean percentages of total and suppressor T lymphocytes in 39 patients with psoriasis are significantly decreased as compared with those in 32 controls. Mean ratio of percentage of helper T lymphocytes to that of suppressor Tlymphocytes in 39 patients with psoriasis are significantly increased as compared with that in 32 controls. 2, As classified into three groups according to extent of skin lesions (E: less than 5% E,: 5-30%, and E,: more than 30%), mean pereentages of total T lymphocytes in E, and E, psoriasis group and those of suppressor T lymphocytes in all three psoriasi., groups are significantly decreased as compared with those in controIs. Mean percentages of helper T lymphor,ytes in L psoriasis group and mean ratios of percentage of helper T lymphocytes to that of suppressor T lymphocytes in E, and E, psoriasis groups are significantly increased as compared with those in controls. 3. Cis classified into three groups according to activity of disease (A,: stationary, A,: active, peripherally spreading and A,: active, small papules spreading), mean percentage of total T lymphocytes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in A, psoriasis group and those of suppressor T lymphocytes in all three psoriasis group are significantly decreased as compared with those in controls. Mean percentages of helper T lymphocytes and mean ratios of percentage if helper T lymphocytes to that of suppressor T lymphocytes in A, and A, psorixsis groups are significantly increased as compared with those in controls. These results clarified that there are quantitative abnormalities in peripheral blood I' lymphocytes and T subsets in patients with psoriasis and the degrees of abnorrnalities are related to extent of skin lesions and activity of disease. The aanorrnalities in peri.pheral blood T lymphocytes and T subsets in patients with psoriasis seem to be attributed to primary defect of suppressor T lymphoytes.
Antibodies* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Negotiating ; Psoriasis* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes*

The tricuspid valve is not a simple but a complex structure, tricuspid valve complex. This complex is composed of tricuspid orifice, annulus, valve leaflet, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. There are flew articles about these structures. The authors studied tricuspid valve complex in 53 cases of normal korean adults, such as circumference of tricuspid annulus, the maximum diameter of the tricuspid orifice, height and breadth of the cusps, including commissures, the ratio of rough to clear zone, the number of scallops of posterior cusp, the number, length and pattern of arrangement of the several types of chordae, the number and morphological characteristics of papillary muscles.
Adult* ; Chordae Tendineae ; Heart* ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles ; Pectinidae ; Tricuspid Valve*

BACKGROUND: Uracil nucleotides are stored in platelets and all other cells, and are released into the extracellular space upon stimulation. They show various biological responses but their actions and mechanism are not well understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of uridine 5'-triphosphate(UTP) on vascular tone and to identify the characteristics of their receptors. METHODS: Aortic ring preparation were made from the rat descending thoracic aorta. Endo-thelial cells were preserved or removed by gentle rubbing, The basal tension of aortic ring was lgm and isometric contraction were recorded on polygraph using force transducer. RESULTS: In aortic ring Precontracted by 100nM norepinephrine, UTP induced dual effect with various concentrations. UTP elicited endothelium-dependent relaxation at low concentrations(100nM-10microM), and endothelium-independent contraction at high concentrations(more than 30microM). Among uracil nucleotides, UDP was as much effective as UTP in vascular tone, but UMP and uridine were not. UTP(pA50 6.15) was more potent than ATP(5.17), ITP(4.75) and other nucleotides(TTP, GTP, CTP). At basal tension, UTP induced relaxation at low concentrations and contraction at hige concentrations in endothelium-intact ring. But in endothelium-removed ring, UTP elicited only contraction. Prior treatment of aortic ring with suramin, a non-selective P2-purinoceptor blocker, inhibited UTP-Induced relaxation and contraction. Reactive blue-2, a P2gamma purinoceptor blocker, inhibited relaxation only, but alpha, beta-methylene ATP, a P2x Purinoceptor blocker, enhanced contractile response. ATP inhibited the UPT-induced relaxation, but 2-methylthio ATP did not alter the effects of UTP. It means that UTP and ATP act at the same receptor but 2-methylthio ATP does not. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UTP-induced relaxation is mediated by nucleotide receptors on endothelium and the contraction is mediated by pyrimidinoceptors on vascular smooth muscle.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Endothelium ; Extracellular Space ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Norepinephrine ; Rats* ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; Relaxation ; Suramin ; Transducers ; Uracil Nucleotides ; Uridine Diphosphate ; Uridine Monophosphate ; Uridine Triphosphate ; Uridine*

No abstract available.
Nails ; Onychomycosis

BACKGROUND: Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate(ATPP), an endogenous nucleotide, is stored in cells and released into the extracellular space upon stimulation. Some of the biological responses to ATPP were reported, but characteristics of its receptor were not well known. Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ATPP on mechanical contractility, resting membrane potential and action potential of rat left atrium. METHODS: Left atrium was isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat. Mechanical contraction induced by electrical field stimulation(EFS) was recorded on polygraph using force transducer. With glass microelectrodes(10 MOmega), potential difference across the membrane was measured and recorded on an oscilloscope and a polygraph. RESULTS: ATPP reduced the left atrial contractility with concentration-dependent manner. ATPP also hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and decreased the action potential duration of the left atrial cell. Nucleotides other than ATPP, such as ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, have the same effect as ATPP. However, there is no difference among the nucleotides. Prior treatment of DPCPX, a P1-purinoceptor blocker, inhibited the ATPP-induced negative inotropism and changes of the membrane potential. But suramin, a nonselective P2-purinoceptor blocker, did not alter the effects of ATPP. alpha, beta methylene ADP and adenosine deaminase, which attenuates hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides and inactivates adenosine respectively, did not influence the effects of adenine nucleotides except for adenosine. CONCLUSION: ATPP reduced the mechanical contractility, hyperpolarized the resting membrance potential and decreased duration of action potential of rat left atrium. These effects were induced by ATPP directly, not by adenosine from hydrolyzed ATPP.
Action Potentials ; Adenine Nucleotides ; Adenosine Deaminase ; Adenosine Diphosphate ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Animals ; Extracellular Space ; Glass ; Heart Atria ; Hydrolysis ; Membrane Potentials ; Membranes ; Muscle Contraction ; Nucleotides ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Suramin ; Transducers