The predictive accuracy of the SRK and SRKII formulas were compared in 113 pseudophakic eyes who had extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of same type of posterior chamber IOL from Feburary 1990 to March 1991. These patients were folio we red up for at least 2 months postoperatively. Their best corrected visual acuities were above 0.5 and their astigmatisms were below 3 diopters by spectacles correction at the time of the last refraction. The results were as follows. 1. Overall, there were no significant differences in predictive accuracy between SRK and SRKII formulas. 2. The revised constant A for same type of implatnts, which constant A was 118.8. was 117.4 The SRK and SRKII formulas with revised constant A were more accurate than conventional formulas(p<0.001). 3. Our results suggested the constant A was to be revised appropriately according to the surgeon's individual regression analysis when using SRK or SRKII formulas for the calculation of intraocular lens power in Koreans.
Cataract Extraction ; Eyeglasses ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Animals ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Liver Regeneration* ; Liver* ; Rats*

The total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is now an established treatment of severe arthritis of the knee joint. The results of TKA estimate good result in mid-90% of patient. But most of assessing method was based on the evaluation methods, made by surgeons, so the patients own evaluation of success may different from the assessment of the surgeons. Especially the Korean life style is different from western style because Korean need more flexed knees for sitting position on the floor. But there no paper about patient subjective satisfactory result of Korean in the authors knowledge. So we studied the satisfactory degree about the outcome of TKA in Korean by the survey. A total 90 patients (103 cases), had undergone TKA were asked to complete a questionnaire-the questionnaire composed of question; ""are you satisfactory with operation?""and the answer; ""very satifactory, generally satisfactory, improved, no change or aggravated-about their satisfaction with the outcome of surgery. The results were as follows; 1.Of 90 patients, 90.3% were satisfied with the outcome of TKA. 2. The patints were satisfied 100% in avascular necrosis of femoral condyle, 83.8% in degenerative osteoarthritis, and 93.6% in rheumatoid arthritis. 3. The satisfactory degree had no relations with age, prevalent period, bilaterality and the evaluation period after the TKA (P>0.05). 4. There was a significant difference in knee scores between the patients who satisfied or not (P<0.05) and the satisfactory degree had a correlation with the points of knee score and amelioration rate of knee and function scores.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty* ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Life Style ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Although an increasing number of breast abnormalities are detected by screening mammography, most breast cancers are presented as a palpable mass. Cytologic specimens are frequently diagnostic and may be easier to obtain. This study was done to compare the diagnostic accuracies of clinical breast exam, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), mammography and ultrasonography, and to establish the algorithm to manage the patients based on the results of FNAB. METHODS: From Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1997, one hundred and twenty-seven women out of 470 patients with a clinically palpable mass underwent concurrent FNAB, mammography, and ultrasonography. All patients ultimately had histologic confirmation by surgical biopsy. RESULTS: The sensitivity and the specificity of the tests were as follows: 79.2% and 74.4%, respectively, for clinical breast exam; 62.2% and 98.6%, for mammography; 55.8% and 93.3% for ultrasonography; and 66.7% and 100% for FNAB. Of note, the accuracy of the FNAB was significantly higher for lesions 2 cm or larger than for lesions smaller than 2 cm (p=0.034). All patients who were positive for malignancy on FNAB (n=20) presented with breast cancer. Among the 16 patients with suspicious results on FNAB and breast cancer on surgical biopsy, 3 had normal findings on mammography and ultrasonography. In the cases of negative findings for malignancy in three tests (n=55), no breast cancer was found on the final surgical specimen. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that FNAB must be performed on all palpable masses and that when the FNAB is postive for cancer, definitive surgery be performed with intraoperative frozen biopsy. Patients in whom mammography, ultrasonography and FNAB were negative for malignancy can be observed without the need for an open biopsy. Additionally, (1) when the results of FNAB are suspicious or (2) when the mammagraphy and ultrasonography results are suspicious even though the FNAB results are negative for malignancy, an open biopsy is required to exclude the possibility of the breast cancer.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUNDS: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare patients treated for complicated peptic ulcers with special reference to the morbidity and the mortality rates and its determining factors according to the type of surgery. METHODS: From Jan. 1988 to May 1996, a total of 168 patients with complicated peptic ulcers underwent surgical treatment. Among them, 39 patients were lost during the follow up period and 10 cases were operated on due to pyloric obstruction, so we analyzed 119 cases according to the type of surgery (definitive or minimal). Definitive surgery means acid-decreasing procedures such as a gastrectomy or a truncal vagotomy with drainage procedure. Minimal surgery means life-saving procedures such as primary closure or bleeding vessel ligation. The type of operation was determined according to the preference of the individual consultant surgeons at our institute. RESULTS: There were 70 definitive and 49 minimal operations (6:4). The mean follow-up period was 20.6 months (range: 11-73 months). The risk factors affecting the morbidity and the mortality were comparable for both groups. In spite of little statistical significance, the results of definitive surgery were superior to those of minimal surgery in morbidity (15.7%:20.4%), mortality (0%:6.1%), recurrence (5.5%:12.2%), and Visick grading scale 1 & 2 (92.8%:81.6%). The determining factor affecting morbidity was the presence of combined disease (p=0.001) only; other factors such as age, anemia, leukocytosis, presence of preoperative shock, transfusion amount, and type of operation did not affect the morbidity rate. CONCLUSION: Considering that there were no differences in postoperative morbidity and mortality between definitive and minimal surgery, it is better to perform definitive surgery on patients who have no serious combined disease.
Anemia ; Consultants ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Ligation ; Mortality ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Shock ; Vagotomy, Truncal

PURPOSE: To confirm the adhesion and matrix formation of chondrocytes which were cultured on chitosan beads and to elucidate the difference between the porous chitosan beads and non-porous chitsan beads as scaffold for chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chondrocytes isolated from rabbit articular cartilage were cultured in vitro on porous and non-porous chitosan bead for 2 weeks. Histochemical (H&E stain, Toluidin blue stain) and scanning electromicroscopic approaches were used to compare the differences between two groups. RESULTS: In both groups, adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes were observed on scanning electron microscopy. which were more active in the porous chitosan bead group. On histochemical staining with toluidine blue, the porous chitosan bead group showed stronger metachromasia than that of the non-porous chitosan bead. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that both chitosan beads could work as an effective scaffold for culturing chondrocytes, and that porous chitosan bead may be a better scaffold than non-porous chitosan bead because of cavities in former bead.
Cartilage, Articular ; Chitosan* ; Chondrocytes* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tolonium Chloride

No abstract available.
Liver Transplantation* ; Liver*

From 1988 to 1994, 62 of 262 patients admitted to the Boramae City Hospital with gastric cancer were diagnosed as stage IV. Among them, 5 patients were lost during follow-up, so we analyzed 57 patients retrospectively. This study elucidates whether a palliative resection offered any survival advantage compared to non-resectional treatment. Of the 57 patients, 7 (12%) received a non-curative resection, 36 (63%) a bypass procedure, and 14 (25%) an exploratory laparotomy. There were no operative mortalities and morbidity. Univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the median survival and the 1- and the 2-year survival rates were significantly higher in the resected patients. The median survival and the 1- and the 2-year survival rates were 15 months, 71%, and 57% with a non-curative resection, 7.3 months, 25%, and 8% with bypass procedure, and 6.3 months 33%, and 17% with an exploratory laparotomy. To perform the analysis within relatively homogeneous groups, patients with different operations were further stratified into two groups according to the spread of disease: local (T4) and distant (M1) spread. The median survival of the T4 group was 11.4 months whereas that of the M1 group was 6 months. Although there was no statistical significance in this study, it is noteworthy that, compared to a bypass procedure and a exploratory laparotomy, a non-curative resection seems to have a survival benefit in the M1 group (median survival: 528 days vs 131 days and 182 days, p=0.0926). In conclusion, although this study has the limitations of a retrospective study and a univariate analysis performed without consideration of basic patient characteristics (age, weight loss, nutritional status, etc.), palliative resection seems to be justified in patients with stage IV gastric cancer if it is performed with acceptably low mortality and morbidity.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Mortality ; Nutritional Status ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) provides high resolution cross-sectional images of the vessels and permits the quantiative and qualitative assessment of coronary artery disease. Stent is a figid endovascular lattice that effectively prevents elastic recoil at treated sites, but in-stent restenois is a major limitation. The purpose of thecurrent study is to assess the contribution of neointimal hyperplasia for in-stent restenosis and the distribution and morphological characteristics of neointimal hyperplasia in deployed stents. METHODS: Thirty patients(male 25 & female 5;31 leions) deployed with intracoronary stents underwent intravascular ultrasound imaging at follow-up at least 4 months after stenting ([mean+/-SD] 8.3+/-2.9 months). RESULTS: 1) In-stent restenosis occurered in 15 lesions out of 31 lesions at follow-up coronary angiography. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the restenotic and the non-restenotic groups. 2) There was no difference in angiographic profiles between two groups. Deployed stents were as follows ; 16 Palmaz-Schatz(P-S) stents, 12 Gianturco-Roubin(G-R) stents, 2 Cordis stents, and I Microstent II. Average diameter of stents in the restenotic and the non-restenotic groups were 3.07+/-0.26mm and 3.16+/-0.30mm, respectively(p=0.38). 3) There was no difference of stent cross-sectional areas(CSA) between the non-restenotic and the restenotic groups(p=0.476), but luminal CSA of the restenotic group was significantly smaller than that of the non-restenotic group(p=0.006). 4) In the restenotic group, there were no differences of the maximal and the minimal diameters of stents, and the mean CSAs of stents smong proxiaml, mid and distal segments. But the mean CSA of neointimal hyperplasia at the mid segment was larger than that at the distal segment(p<0.05). There was a tendency thatthe mean CSA of neointimal hyperplasia at the mid segment was larger than that at the proximal segment(p=0.187). These findings were the same in the non-restenotic group. 5) In the restenotic group deployed with P-S stents, there were no differences of the maximal and the minimal diameters of stents, and the mean cross-sectional areas(CSA) of stents between each segment. But, the mean CSA of neointimal hyperplasia at the mid segment was larger than that at the distal segment(p<0.005) and there was a tendency that the mean CSA of neointimal hyperplasia at the mid segment was larger than that at the proximal segment(p=0.354). 6) In the morphology of neointimal hyperplasia of the restenotic group, eccentric form(77%) was more common than concentric form(22%). Neointimal hyperplasia occurred in focal or diffuse patterns(7 versus 8 cases). CONCLUSIONS: In-stent restenosis resulted from neointimal hyperplasia which almost mainly occurred eccentrically at the mid segment of stents and in focal or diffuse patterns. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was a useful method for recognition of distribution and morphological characteristics of neointimal hyperplasia at follow-up of deployed stents.
Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Phenobarbital ; Stents* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: This study compared the surgical results of various posterolateral corner sling methods performed through either the fibula head tunnel or tibia tunnel in patients with chronic PLRI (PosteroLateral Rotatory Instability). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1999 and October 2003, 20 and 19 patients who had undergone surgery for PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) tensioning and an ALB (anterolateral bundle) reconstruction through the fibula head tunnel or tibia tunnel, respectively and were followed up more than 1 year were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The fibular head tunnel was found to be superior compared with the tibia tunnel method in terms of the operation time (36.5+/-7.5 versus 68.4+/-12.8) (p<0.0001), rotational stability (p= 0.0018) and IKDC objective score (p<0.0001). In the fibula head tunnel group, 85% of patients had an equal to normal or tighter than normal rotational stability in the tibial tunnel group with 63% having an equal to normal or tighter than normal side at the last evaluation. In the IKDC objective score, 85% of patients in the fibula head tunnel group had a rating B or higher at the last evaluation compared with 79% in the tibial tunnel group (p<0.0001). However there were no significant differences in anteroposterior stability and OAK score. CONCLUSION: The modified posterolateral corner sling through the fibula head tunnel produces better results in terms of a posterolateral rotational stability of grade II chronic PLRL in a combined PCL injury than that using the tibia tunnel method.
Fibula ; Head* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Tibia