Four cases of testicular embryonal cell CA and one case of testicular teratoma in childhood are presented, and related literatures are reviewed.
Teratoma

A case of nevus syringocystadenoma papilliferus which resembles eclinically as nevus sebaceus in 17 year-old female is presented. The histopathological examination revealed characteristic features of the disease.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Nevus

A study was made on the two cases of Klinefelter's Syndrome with review of literatures Two cases revealed findings characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome suck as small testes, hyalinization of seminiferous tubules. azoospermia, increased urinary gonadotropin, decreased urinary 17-ketosteroid, positive sex chromatin, gynecomastia and impotence.
Azoospermia ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Gonadotropins ; Gynecomastia ; Hyalin ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Male ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sex Chromatin ; Testis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Lung*

In Part II, the authors have reported that cross circulation between normal dogs and bilaterally nephrectomized dogs resulted in decreased blood concentrations of non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen and creatinine in the bilaterally nephrectomized dogs and improvement of the dogs' general condition for a short time. In this study the renal arteries of normal dogs were occluded by clamping for varied periods of time to cause reversible renal insufficiency. After renal insufficiency developed cross criculation with untreated normal dogs was instituted to investigate the effects of cross circulation on blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, urinary out-put and in the general condition of the dogs.As a control experiment, renal arteries of dogs were clamped bilaterally for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours and blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, general condition and urinary out-put of these dogs were studied.In the oliguric phase caused by bilateral clamping of the renal arteries of dogs for 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours, cross circulation between these dogs and normal dogs was performed. One to three cross circulations were done on each dog and one cross circulation lasted for 2 to 4 hours. Changes in the blood concentration of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine, the general condition of the dogs and urinary out-put were studied.In the control and cross circulation studies 5 dogs were studied in each of the groups designated by the time interval of clamping renal arteries except one dog was used for the 1 and 2 hour groups. Using normal Korea mongrels weighing 12kg. or more, the kidneys were exposed through a flank incision under pentothal anesthesia. Perirenal fat tissue was freed and vessels supplying the renal capsule were severed and ligated. The upper ureters were freed of abarrent vessels. The right kidney was first exposed and then the left. Clamping of both renal arteries was instituted at the same time. The renal arteries were lightly clamped using a rubber shod clamp to interrrupt the blood stream but bot to damage the arterial wall. Clamping of both renal arteries were released simultaneously and the operative wounds were closed. Direct cross circulation as described previously was used in this study and all procedures were done under aseptic technic. Prophylactic penicillin and streptomycin were also given pre- and postoperatively. All observation and determination of experimental items were done before clamping the arteries and at 12 hours after clamping. Daily determinaton for 5 days followed thereafter. Hourly determinatons were performed during the cross circulation. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: When bilateral renal arteries of normal dogs were clamped for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, oliuria or anuria was observed immediately after clamping. Blood levels of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased at 12 hours after clamping. A poor general condition was observed in most dogs one to two days post-experimentally in these and there was gradual exacerbation in the induced kidney insufficiency during oliguric phase. Most experimental animals died except a few did recover after regaining enough renal unction to produce diuresis. During cross circulation, urinary out-put was not altered and the general condition of the dogs was remarkedly improved. A decrease in the blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine was observed in all the dogs. For one to seven days after the circulation the condition of these dogs became slightly worse but a diuretic phase soon developed and most dogs in these experimental groups survived except for the few which died during or after the cross circulaton.In each of the six control groups in which the renal arteries were clamped for 1 to 6 hours as described above, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0 and 0 dogs survived. With cross circulation, experimental groups in which the renal arteries were clamped for 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours, had a survival of 4, 3, 3 and 2 dogs, respectively. Of 20 dogs, 12 survived and 8 died.Cross circulation increased the survival rate of dogs with induced renal insufficieney, but it is unlikely that pathological changes and function in these kidneys were changed during the curculation. It, however, is clear that the toxic state of renal insufficiency was relieved markedly during the cross circulation, although temporarily, but long enough to provide better survival condition. Most dogs were supported adequately to overcome the oliguric crisis and return to the diuretic phase.In normal dogs used in the cross circulation the development of an apathetic state, and elevation in blood concentrations of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were observed. These dogs urinated several times during the experiment and experienced frequent pulse and respiratory rates. Arrhythmias of a temporary nature were observed. These dogs returned to normal in one to three days after the cross circulation.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Anuria ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arteries ; Constriction ; Creatinine* ; Cross Circulation* ; Diuresis ; Dogs* ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Nitrogen* ; Penicillins ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Rate ; Rivers ; Rubber ; Streptomycin ; Survival Rate ; Thiopental ; Urea* ; Ureter ; Wounds and Injuries

In the first paper of this experiment, the author reported no significant changes in NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine blood levels resulting from cross circulation between normal dogs. In this experiment cross circulations between Nephrectemized dogs and normal ones were performed and the rate of removal of waste products from the blood of bilaterally nephrectomized dogs through the kidneys of normal dogs as well as the state of improvement of a general condition were observed. Blood levels of NPN, urea nitrogen and creatinine were determined. Sixty to seventy-two hours after both kidneys were removed, the dogs developed anorexia, nausea, vomiting and apathy. Cross circulation as previously described was instituted when blood concentration of NPN varied from 139.2 to 193 mg%; urea nitrogen, from 86.7 to 137.8 mg; and creatinine, from 4.8 to 6.8 mg%. All procedures were carried out under an aseptic technique and penicillin or streptomycin were given to prevent infection. Using the indirect cross circulation in two pairs of dogs, 2080 cc and 3520 cc of blood was cross transfused for periods of 100 minutes and 5 hours respectively. Blood was exchanged by the direct cross circulation in four pairs of dogs for periods ranging from four hours 35 minutes to eight hours. The results obtained are as follows: During cross circulation between the nephrectomized dogs and the normal ones, the former exhibited improvement in their vitality, ceased nausea and vomiting and began to eat. During the indirect cross circulation the NPN of the nephrectomized dogs was lowered 13.8 mg% and 27.2 mg; whereas when using the direct cross circulation a decrease of 57.6 mg% to 84.6mg% and obtained. Decreases in urea nitrogen and creatinine blood concentrations were observed to be 10.2 mg% to 22.6 mg% and O.6 mg% respectively by the indirect cross circulation. whereas 32.7mg% to 65.1 mg% and 2.2 mg% to 3.O mg% respectively by the direct method. The lowered blood concentrations of the waste products, however, rose again and the general condition of the nephrectomized dogs became worse one or two days after the completion of the experiment. The normal dogs receiving blood from the nephrectomized dogs developed a rapid pulse, frequent and irregular respirations, a weakened general condition and elevation of blood concentrations of NPN. urea nitrogen and creatinine. The general condition and the blood concentrations, however, returned to normal one to four days after the completion of the experiments. The direct method of cross circulation between bilaterally nephrectomized dogs and healthy ones is superior to the indirect method in respect to the animals general condition and to the removal of waste products from the blood of the nephrectomized animal.
Animals ; Anorexia ; Apathy ; Creatinine* ; Cross Circulation* ; Dogs* ; Kidney* ; Nausea ; Nitrogen* ; Penicillins ; Streptomycin ; Urea* ; Vomiting ; Waste Products

Normal adult Korean dogs (Mongrel) were used for these experiments. Operations and cross circulations were performed under sterile conditions and anesthesia with intravenous sodium pentothal injection. Heparin was used as the anticoagulant before and during cross circulation. Two dogs were placed on operating tables so that their legs were together. The femoral arteries and veins in adjacent legs were isolated and cannulated with tubes of 1.0mm inside diameter. The arterial cannule of each animal was connected to the venous cannule of the other dog, and cross circulation was started and continued for 2 to 13 hours. This method is referred as direct cross circulation. A second method, indirect cross circulation, was devised to connect the arterial cannule of each dog to the venous cannule of the other dog through a glass bottle containing 20cc of ACD solution elevated one meter above the animals. With the venous tubing clamped, arterial blood flowed into the bottles. When 100cc of arterial blood had been collected, blood flow was reversed by clamping the arterial tubings and removing the venous clamps. The procedures were repeated for 5 hours. General condition, pulse, respiration, NPN. BUN and creatinine of blood content were observed and determined before, during and after cross circulation. The experiments were done in 7 pairs of animals by the direct method, and in 2 pairs by the indirect method. During the experiment, pulse and respiration became frequent and irregular. They showed sign of weakness. But dogs returned to normal in 1 to 3 days after the experiment. No significant differences were noted in the amount of blood NPN, BUN and creatinine content during and after cross circulation by both animals. However, the indirect method appears safer for the animals but less blood volume can be exchanged than in using the direct method.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Blood Volume ; Constriction ; Creatinine ; Cross Circulation* ; Dogs* ; Femoral Artery ; Glass ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Leg ; Operating Tables ; Respiration ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Veins

No abstract available.
Sarcoma*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine the sanitary knowledge level and degree of HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) practice in school culinary staff in order to provide basic information for improving hygiene of school meals. METHODS: Exactly 305 culinary staff members were selected from elementary, middle, and high schools in 14 cities and rural areas, including whole administrative districts in Chungnam province. Surveyed schools were selected by convenience sampling, and one subject was selected randomly from each school. Surveys were taken by self-administered questionnaires developed by researchers and questionnaire were distributed and collected by postal mail. RESULTS: Sanitary education administered by school dietitians to culinary staff was more frequent and longer in elementary schools, followed by middle and high schools (p < 0.001). Sanitary knowledge level and degree of HACCP practice, except for a few CCP or CP of culinary staff, were highest in elementary schools and middle school followed by high schools (p < 0.05), respectively. School class was negatively correlated with sanitary knowledge level of culinary staff (p < 0.01), and frequen-cy of sanitary education was positively correlated with sanitary knowledge level of culinary staff (p < 0.01). Sanitary knowl-edge level of culinary staff was positively correlated with degree of HACCP practice (p < 0.01). School class, daily fre-quency of meal service, work experience, rice washing machine, and total score of sanitary knowledge were significant variables influencing degree of HACCP practice in culinary staff. CONCLUSION: The above results show that the following points should be considered to improve hygiene of school meals. Sanitary education should be administered more frequently by school dietitians to culinary staff, especially to those in high schools, which showed the lowest sanitary knowledge level and degree of HACCP practice. In addition, facilities and equipment required for HACCP practice should be supported in small-sized elementary schools.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Education ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of inhalants on color vision impairment. METHODS: The inhalation group consisted of 81 neurotoxic chemical substance abusers at Bugok National Hospital and Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Justice. The control group consisted of 41 employees of Bugok National Hospital. The Lanthony D-15 desaturated hue test was administered to both groups. For the qualitative analysis, we classified the results by the morphological characteristics of color vision impairment. For the quantitative analysis, we calculated the total color distance score (TCDS) and the color confusion index (CCI) and determined that the individual was abnormal if the TCDS was over 65.0 or the CCI was over 1.25. RESULTS: The TCDS of the inhalation group was 75.58+/-21.07 and the CCI was 1.34+/-0.37 in the right eye, and 75.47+/-23.63 and 1.34+/-0.42, respectively in the left eye. These results are higher than those found for the control group. In regards to the TCDS, 50 (61.8%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 48 (59.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 11 (26.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 13 (31.7%) had impairment in the left eye. In regards to the CCI, 38 (46.9%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 35 (43.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 4 (9.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 7 (17.0%) had impairment in the left eye. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for acquired color vision impairment showed that the inhalation period (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03~1.40) was the significant variable. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the inhalation of neurotoxic substances may impair the color vision, and the period inhaled with neurotoxic substances is significant variable affecting on the acquired color vision impairment.
Color Vision ; Eye ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Inhalation ; Logistic Models ; Social Justice