No abstract available.
Ebstein Anomaly*

Ophthalmologists now realize the importance of the oculocardiac reflex from ocular manipulation. The occurrence of cardiac disturbances has been recognized since 1908. Several authors have believed the mechanisms of the reflex affecting the pulse rate. the conduction system and myocardial contractibility of the heart. For the purpose of the recognition of this reflex, authors performed ocular compression and muscle traction after atropine injection or retrobulbar anesthesia in 135 persons. The results were noted that the reflex is blocked by intravenous atropine injection or retrobular anesthesia. while not by subconjunctival anesthesia or intramuscular atropine injection.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Reflex ; Reflex, Oculocardiac* ; Traction

PURPOSE: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is an infiltrative disease of eosinophils affecting multiple organs including the lung. F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) may accumulate at sites of inflammation or infection, making interpretation of whole body PET scan difficult in patients with cancer. This study was to evaluate the PET findings of HES with lung involvement and to find out differential PET features between lung malignancy and HES with lung involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: F-18 FDG PET and low dose chest CT scan was performed for screening of lung cancer. Eight patients who showed ground-glass attenuation (GGA) and consolidation on chest CT scan with peripheral blood eosinophilia were included in this study. The patients with history of parasite infection, allergy and collagen vascular disease were excluded. CT features and FDG PET findings were meticulously evaluated for the distribution of GGA and consolidation and nodules on CT scan and mean and maximal SUV of abnormalities depicted on F-18 FDG PET scan. In eight patients, follow-up chest CT scan and FDG PET scan were done one or two weeks after initial study. RESULTS: F-18 FDG PET scan identified metabolically active lesions in seven out of eight patients. Maximal SUV was ranged from 2.8 to 10.6 and mean SUV was ranged from 2.2 to 7.2. Remaining one patient had maximal SUV of 1.3. On follow-up FDG PET scan taken on from one to four weeks later showed decreased degree of initially noted FDG uptakes or migration of previously noted abnormal FDG uptakes. CONCLUSIONS: Lung involvement in the HES might be identified as abnormal uptake foci on FDG PET scan mimicking lung cancer. Follow-up FDG PET and CT scan for the identification of migration or resolution of abnormalities and decrement of SUV would be of help for the differentiation between lung cancer and HES with lung involvement.
Collagen ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Parasites ; Positron-Emission Tomography* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: Recently there have been some reports that percutaneous absces drainage(PAD) was ineffective in treating multiloculated liver abscess. We therefae, reviewed our results of catheter drainage in jultiloculated liver absces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PADs in 10 cases of multiloculated liver abscesses were performed with 8.5F Pig tail, 12 & 14F Sump cahteters, under ultrasonic & fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS: All the 10 cases were successfully drained without major complications. Mean drainage duration was 16.3 day and the result was not significantly different from those obtained by draining unilocular pyogenic liver abscess. The success was the result of using large caliber catheter and repetition in insertion of guidewire deeply into abscess cavity to make communications between the Iocules which was proven by abscessogram. CONCLUSION: PAD was safe and effective method for multiloculated abscess as unilocular liver abscess, and it is recommended that the multiloculated liver abscess be draincd.
Abscess* ; Catheters ; Drainage* ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Liver* ; Ultrasonics

PURPOSE: Population-based studies have shown positive associations between migraine and irritable bowel syndrome, colitis and peptic ulcer and migraine prevalence was higher among patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia or nausea/vomiting. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical manifestation between primary headache with epigastric pain or tenderness(EPT) and primary headache without EPT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 patients who were diagnosed primary headache[by ICHD-II(2004)] at Incheon St. Mary Hospital from January, 2006 to December, 2007. Their clinical characteristics such as age, sex, frequency & severity of headache and associated symptoms & signs were analysed. RESULTS: The rate of headache associated with EPT were 36% of migraine cases, 50% of tension-type headache cases, and 100% of unclassified headache cases. Headache with EPT were at a high rate in female. Headache with EPT were more severe than one without EPT. Regulation of behavior, diet and sleep pattern had improved severity of headache in 71% of migraine without EPT and 94% of tension-type headache without EPT, but in 12% of migraine with EPT and 18% of tension-type headache with EPT. Headache disappeared in 64% of migraine with EPT and 53% of tension-type headache by additional regular antiacid medication. CONCLUSION: Our study supports any specific correlation between headache and EPT, but further studies are needed.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Colitis ; Diet ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Headache ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Medical Records ; Migraine Disorders ; Nausea ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tension-Type Headache ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: N-(3-iodopropene-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane(IPT) is a cocaine analogue which allows the presynaptic dopamine transporters. The aim of this study is to assess the imaging of dopamine transporters using 123I-IPT SPECT and its correlation with several clinical features of Parkinson's disease and Parkinson Plus syndrome. METHODS: Forty-two patients with Parkinson's disease(14 bilateral, 28 unilateral clinical features), three Parkinson Plus syndrome and five normal controls were studied. All patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated with Hoehn-Yahr scale, UPDRS(on/off stage), duration, main symptoms(rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia), unilaterality and operation. The two statistical parameters were assessed with 123I-IPT SPECT. One is uptake ratio of basal ganglia and occipital cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. The other is three graded visual assessment. RESULTS: The uptake ratio of 123I-IPT SPECT in patients with Parkinson's disease were decreased with higher grade of Hoehn-Yahr scale, and more decreased in 2 hours than in 1 hour. But there was no statistical significance. The visual assessment was significantly correlated with Hoehn-Yahr scale(p<0.045). The early differential diagnosis between Parkinson's disease and Parkinson Plus syndrome could be allowed with visual assessment. But other clinical features of Parkinson's disease was not correlated with finding of 123I-IPT SPECT. CONCLUSION: The visual assessment of 123I-IPT SPECT imaging is useful in the early differential diagnosis and in confirming a clinical severity of Parkinson's disease.
Basal Ganglia ; Cerebellum ; Cocaine ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon* ; Tremor

OBJECTIVE: Bilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation (TAF) with interspinous wiring has been the best treatment for atlantoaxial instability (AAI). However, several factors may disturb satisfactory placement of bilateral screws. This study evaluates the usefulness of unilateral TAF when bilateral TAF is not available. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2007, TAF was performed in 54 patients with AAI. Preoperative studies including cervical x-ray, three dimensional computed tomogram, CT angiogram, and magnetic resonance image were checked. The atlanto-dental interval (ADI) was measured in preoperative period, immediate postoperatively, and postoperative 1, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Unilateral TAF was performed in 27 patients (50%). The causes of unilateral TAF were anomalous course of vertebral artery in 20 patients (74%), severe degenerative arthritis in 3 (11%), fracture of C1 in 2, hemangioblastoma in one, and screw malposition in one. The mean ADI in unilateral group was measured as 2.63 mm in immediate postoperatively, 2.61 mm in 1 month, 2.64 mm in 3 months and 2.61 mm in 6 months postoperatively. The mean ADI of bilateral group was also measured as following; 2.76 mm in immediate postoperative, 2.71 mm in 1 month, 2.73 mm in 3 months, 2.73 mm in 6 months postoperatively. Comparison of ADI measurement showed no significant difference in both groups, and moreover fusion rate was 100% in bilateral and 96.3% in unilateral group (p=0.317). CONCLUSION: Even though bilateral TAF is best option for AAI in biomechanical perspectives, unilateral screw fixation also can be a useful alternative in otherwise dangerous or infeasible cases through bilateral screw placement.
Hemangioblastoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Osteoarthritis ; Preoperative Period ; Vertebral Artery

Since Ernst Fuchs had described the chronic cyclitis as cyclitis in 1892, there have been many reports about the chronic cyclitis with the development of the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and the Schepens' scleral depressor and gonioscope. The chronic cyclitis comes incidious onset with minimal symptoms of hazy vision and vitreous opacity. The authors experienced a case of chronic cyclitis of the left eye of 33 year old male patient who has been treated with systemic corticosteroid and antihistamines. Here, we briefly report it referring the literature about the chronic cyclitis.
Adult ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Telescopes ; Uveitis, Intermediate*

OBJECTIVE: The ability to get up from a chair is an important component in maintaining independence and a prerequisite for upright mobility for stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients with that in healthy adult. METHOD: Twenty-three stroke patients and thirty-seven young healthy subjects were included in this study. Subjects sat on an adjustable chair with their feet on force plates and performed the standing up movement at a self-paced, comfortable speed. The study patients were tested barefoot. The changes in joint angle, maximal moment, power, and ground reaction force in lower limb were calculated using 3 dimensional motion analyzer throughout the sit-to-stand transfer. RESULTS: The mean time needed was significantly longer in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Pelvic tilting and hip flexion angle at initial and final angle were significantly greater in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Maximal momentum, power and change of ground reaction force in ankle joint were significantly lower in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Hip external rotation angle at standing point showed significant correlation with maximal hip external rotation and slow walking speed during the comfortable walking. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the analysis of sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients may provide a useful guide for gait recovery and training.
Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Foot ; Gait ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Stroke* ; Walking

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Total laryngectomy is usually used for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer, and causes injuries to hypopharyngeal mucosa, cricopharyngeal muscle, pharyngeal constrictor muscle. These damages induce postoperative swallowing difficulties, although accurate and objective data have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes and functional difficulties of swallowing mechanism in patients with total laryngectomy by manometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used station pull-through technique in two groups. The study group consisted of 11 total laryngectomized patients, and the control group consisted of 10 cases. We measured resting pressure, length, pressure after relaxation of UES (upper esophageal sphincter), and pharyngeal pressure. And 5 parameters were analyzed for coordination of hypopharynx and UES during swallowing. RESULTS: In the study group, the resting pressure, the maximal pressure after relaxation, and the length of UES was 36.3+/-10.5 mmHg, 149.8+/-14.6 mmHg, and 3.4+/-0.8 cm respectively. In the control group, the results was 34.9+/-9.6 mmHg, 85.5+/-12.3 mmHg, 2.2+/-0.6 cm respectively. The pharyngeal pressure was 81.8+/-10.1 mmHg in the study group, and 67.1+/-12.3 mmHg in the control group. The interval of pharyngeal constriction was 3.0+/-0.23 sec in the study group and 0.49+/-0.04 sec in the control group. The interval of UES relaxation was 2.43+/-0.14 sec in the study group and 0.99+/-0.03 sec in the control group. CONCLUSION: Manometric analysis showed higher pressure of the pharynx and UES in the total laryngectomized patients than in the normal adults. And there was a failure in the coordination between pharyngeal constriction and UES relaxation.
Adult ; Constriction ; Deglutition ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper* ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Laryngectomy ; Mucous Membrane ; Pharyngeal Muscles ; Pharynx* ; Relaxation