The choroid plexus papillomas are uncommon neoplasms of the central nervous system, and constitute 0.5~0.6 percent of intracranial tumors. These tumor are surgically treatable and the encouraging results of surgical removal justify an aggeressive surgical approach. We present a case of lateral ventricle choroid plexus papilloma in a child with communicating hydrocephalus.
Central Nervous System ; Child* ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lateral Ventricles* ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus*

A clinical observation for operative, postoperative complications were made from 61 case of TURP from June 1985 to April 1989. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean operative time was 81.5 minutes and mean weight of resected prostatic tissue was 13. 6gm. Therefore, it had taken average 6.97 minutes to resect 1gm of prostatic tissue. 2. Perioperative blood replacement was performed in only 16 cases except one case of death and the mean amount was 0.66 pint (210ml). The remaining 45 cases (73.8 %) were not necessary to transfuse blood. 3. Postoperative serum sodium concentration was decreased in 38 of 60 cases and not changed in 8 cases and increased in 14 cases. These changes in serum sodium concentration showed no significant correlation with operative, amount of irrigating fluid. 4. Nineteen of 61 cases of TURP showed several types of non-fatal complications and one case of these expired and the rest of people showed' no complication. 5. The most common complication was transient urinary incontinence (11.4%), the remainders were in order of urethral stricture (6.6%), late bleeding (4.9%), re-TURP due to inadequate resection (3.3%), death (severe bleeding) (1.6%).
Hemorrhage ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Sodium ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Incontinence

OBJECTIVE: Spinal instrumentation without fusion often fails due to biological failure of intervertebral joints (spontaneous fusion, degeneration, etc). The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of fixation rigidity on viability of intervertebral joints. METHODS: Twenty pigs in growing period were subjected to posterior segmental fixation. Twelve were fixed with a rigid fixation system(RF) while eight were fixed with a flexible unconstrained implant(FF). At the time of the surgery, a scoliosis was created to monitor fixation adequacy. The pigs were subjected to periodic radiological examinations and 12pigs (six in RF, six in FF) were euthanized at 12-18months postoperatively for analysis. RESULTS: The initial scoliotic curve was reduced from 31+/-5degrees to 27+/-8degrees in RF group (p=0.37) and from 19+/-4degrees to 17+/-5degrees in FF group (p=0.21). Although severe disc degeneration and spontaneous fusion of facet joints were observed in RF group, disc heights of FF group were well maintained without major signs of degeneration. CONCLUSION: The viability of the intervertebral joints depends on motion spinal fixation. Systems allowing intervertebral micromotion may preserve the viability of intervertebral discs and the facet joint articular cartilages while maintaining a reasonably stable fixation.
Cartilage, Articular ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Joints* ; Scoliosis ; Swine ; Zygapophyseal Joint

Clinical observation was made on the injuries of genitourinary tract of in patient under 15 year in the department of urology, Hart Yang University Hospital during the period from May, 1972 to April, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. Of 3140 cases hospitalized, 30 cases were injury of genitourinary tract in children giving ratio of 0.96%. 2. The favorable age was from 7 to 9years for 40%. The sex ratio, male to female, was 4:1.3. Traffic. accident was the most frequent cause of injury (53.3%) and the ,next was fall-down (43.3%), especially 8 cases of fall-down were from playing. 4. The kidney was involved most frequently in 35.1% (8 cases were fight side) and urethra was next in 32.4%,external genitalia 21,6% bladder in 10.8%. 5. The fracture was the most frequent associated injury (71.4%) and it's sites of fracture were pelvis, femur, ribs, and etc. 6. Treatment of the renal injury was performed as conservative treatment frequently (66.7%) and 5 cases were undergone nephrectomy. Posterior urethra was involved more commonly and. preferable treatment was primary realignment with interlocking sound.
Child ; Female ; Femur ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Ribs ; Sex Ratio ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Clinical observation was made on the injuries of genitourinary tract of in patient under 15 year in the department of urology, Hart Yang University Hospital during the period from May, 1972 to April, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. Of 3140 cases hospitalized, 30 cases were injury of genitourinary tract in children giving ratio of 0.96%. 2. The favorable age was from 7 to 9years for 40%. The sex ratio, male to female, was 4:1.3. Traffic. accident was the most frequent cause of injury (53.3%) and the ,next was fall-down (43.3%), especially 8 cases of fall-down were from playing. 4. The kidney was involved most frequently in 35.1% (8 cases were fight side) and urethra was next in 32.4%,external genitalia 21,6% bladder in 10.8%. 5. The fracture was the most frequent associated injury (71.4%) and it's sites of fracture were pelvis, femur, ribs, and etc. 6. Treatment of the renal injury was performed as conservative treatment frequently (66.7%) and 5 cases were undergone nephrectomy. Posterior urethra was involved more commonly and. preferable treatment was primary realignment with interlocking sound.
Child ; Female ; Femur ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Ribs ; Sex Ratio ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Hemorrhagic shock is one of the most common causes of death in patients with multiple trauma and therefore rapid control of bleeding is the main strategy to save these patients. Resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been applied in several trauma cases and because of the effectiveness of this procedure it has been adopted in the trauma field. Herein, we report the first successful case of REBOA in Korea performed on a 46-year-old man with hemorrhagic shock after a fall from a height of 14-stories. The patient visited our hospital emergency room with hypovolemic shock, we performed Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta under bed side blind technique. His vital sign was stabilized after procedure, then we could performed endovascular bleeding control. The patient was discharged on his 33rd in-hospital day without invasive procedure and major scar.
Aorta* ; Balloon Occlusion* ; Cause of Death ; Cicatrix ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; Shock* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Vital Signs

We treated 19 patients with ureteral injuries during the recent 7 years. Gynecologic operations were the most common antecedent surgical procedures(89%). The diagnosis of ureteral injuries was made immediately in 3 patients and was delayed 3 to 78 days in 16 patients. All of the 3 injuries recognized during an operation were repaired at the time of injury. Of the 16 patients with injuries recognized in the postoperative period, 1 patient was managed with percutaneous nephrostomy. 14 patients received corrective surgery successfully, but the corrective surgery in remaining patient was railed and ultimately resulted in a nephrectomy because of avascular necrosis of ureter during operation. Therefore, it is better to do corrective surgery primarily in patients with ureteral injuries recognized postoperatively in order to decrease percutaneous nephrostomy associated morbidity and hospital admission period.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Postoperative Period ; Ureter*

Cutaneous horn is a clinical term for a circumscribed concial hyperkeratotic mass amounts to at least half of its largest diameter. The number of lesion may be single or multiple. We report herein a cases of penile cutaneous horn in a 22-year-old male. He had dark brownish colored conical shaped protruded mass on the penile shaft for about 2 months. We performed excisional biopsy and curettage. Histopathologic findings showed verruca vulgaris.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Curettage ; Horns* ; Humans ; Male ; Warts ; Young Adult

This study was performed to investigate the effect of endotoxin to the CCl4-induced liver injury. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected 1.6 g/kg CCl4 as control group. Another 24 rats were orally administrated 300 mg/kg of neomycin at 16 and 3 hours prior to CCl4 injection as experimental group. Twelve among them were intraperitoneally infected 1.0 mg/kg of endotoxin(E-Coli, 0111:B4, No L-2630, lipopolysaccharide, Sigma, USA) and CCl4 simultaneously for offsetting neomycin effect. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after CCl4 injection. The liver tissues from all experimental groups were observed by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the CCl4 only group, the hepatocytes revealed sweling of ER and mitochondria with many lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. Focal cellular necrosis was seen at the later phase. The Kupffer cells were activated and showed many cytoplasmic processes, secondary lysosomes, and vaculoles. The endothelial cells were edematous. Several neutrophils, platelets, and microthrombi were scattered in the sinusoid. In the neomycin-CCl4-endotoxin administrated group, both hepatocytic destruction and intrasinusoidal microthrombi formation were more pronounced. In the neomycin pretreated group, the hepatocytes revealed mild cellular destruction without necrosis. There is no intrasinusoidal microthrombi. According to these results, it would be concluded that the small dosage of gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin affects to the liver injury caused by CCl4. The synergistic effects of CCl4 and gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin which can not be detoxified by damaged Kupffer cells, may be more important in the pathogenesis of CCl4-induced liver injury.
Rats ; Animals

According to the Jastreboff's neurophysiological model of tinnitus, if negative associations are attached to the tinnitus signal, tinnitus is perceived to be a threat or a danger and it activates the autonomic nervous and limbic systems. Consequently patient's awareness of tinnitus is heightened and so patient perceives it to be louder and more persistent. Jastreboff and Hazell started tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) based on the neurophysiological model of tinnitus. The purpose of TRT is blocking tinnitus from activating the sympathetic nervous and limbic systems (habituation of reaction) and from reaching the cerebral cortex (habituation of perception). TRT is composed of two components directive counseling that tries to reclassify tinnitus into the meaningless stimuli and sound therapy that decreases the relative strength of the tinnitus signal. Physicians try to put patient's tinnitus into the territory of meaningless stimuli through retraining the brain (habituation of reaction). Because the brain habituates all unimportant stimuli, if habituation of reaction is fully achieved, habituation of perception will follow automatically. In most clinical results, clinical success rates of TRT approach or exceed 80% improvement. Early improvement can be achieved during the first few months, followed by additional progressive improvement. It should be recommended that the patient continue treatment at least 18 months.
Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Directive Counseling ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Tinnitus*