No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Armoracia* ; Cats* ; Horseradish Peroxidase* ; Muscles*

Recently, it is reported that preganglionic oculomotor nerve palsies shows denervational supersensitive pupillary responses to dilute parasympathomimetic agents and this phenomenon is in inverse proportion to consciousness level. We measured pupillary diameters of 10 brain death patients(20 eyes) and 10 comatous patients (20 eyes). After we instilled 0.06% pilocarpine to patients that initial pupillary diameter is over 4.0mm(13 eyes in brain death group, 5 eyes in comatous group), we compared pupillary responses of two groups to evaluate whether this helps diagnosis of brain death. If pupillary diameter was changed over 25%(compared to initial diameter), we considered it positive. In comatous group, no one was positive. But in brain death group, 11 cases were positive(84.6%). It revealed significant difference statistically(P<0.05). Mean change of pupillary diameter to 0.06% pilocarpine was 0.46mm(9.35%) in comatous group, and 2.62mm(47.72%) in brain death group. With above results, we concluded that pupillary response to dilute parasympathomimetic agents is a useful indicator for diagnosis of brain death.
Brain Death* ; Brain* ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Parasympathomimetics ; Pilocarpine*

We compared the apparent accommodative power of 35 pseudophakic patients(43eyes) receiving posterior chamber lens in the bag with 34 normal persons(34eyes) by using AA-2000 accommodometer and evaluated the correlation between apparent accommodation and various factors like age, corrected visual acuity, refractive error, pupillary diameter, anterior chamber depth, or change of the anterior chamber depth in pseudophakic eyes. The mean apparent accommodative power was 1.41 +/- 0.62 diopter(D) in pseudophakic eyes and 1.58 +/- 1.71 D in phakic eyes and there was no stastistically significant difference between two groups. However, in cases younger than 55 years old, the apparent accommodative power was 1.34 +/- 0.48 D in 17 pseudophakic eyes and 2.51 +/- 2.31 D in 14 phakic eyes and there was statistically significant(p<0.05). Among the various factors, pupillary diameter appeared to be correlative to the apparent accommodative power in pseudophakic eyes. The smaller pupillary diameter, the greater accommodative power. Otherwise, another factors were not correlative to the apparent accommodative power.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pseudophakia ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

Oculoinotor nerve is a very important nerve in the ophthalornology, innervating the medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris, and the presynaptic parasyrnpathetic outflow to the internal muscles of eye (the ciliary muscle and the sphincter muscle of the iris) . To examine the fine structure of neurons and synapses in the oculomotor nucleus projecting the rnedial rectus Hiuscle, 50% horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution was injected into the rnedial rectus rnuscle of the cat, and serial sections of midbrain were studied with electron microscopes. Large motor neuron, small motor neuron and spindleshape motor neuron were examined. Cell body contained rich organells that. were nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, HRP containing lysosorne, mitochondria and ribosome etc. Three kinds of synapses that are axosomatic synapse, axo-dendritic synapse and axo-axonic synapse were examed. Moreover, the nerve terminals had spherical-shaped synaptic vesicles. These results suggest that the function of inotorneurons related to the medial rectus muscle is not. defined by the shape and distribution of nerve terrninals but. depends on the shape of synaptic vesicles.
Animals ; Cats* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Mesencephalon ; Mitochondria ; Motor Neurons ; Muscles ; Neurons ; Ribosomes ; Synapses ; Synaptic Vesicles

Neurofibroma is the most important component of neurofibromatosis and may occur as solitary lesion. Solitary neurofibroma is common in the skin but solitary neurofibroma of the orbital region is unusual, whether or not it is associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. In 53-year-old woman who had exophthalmos, we experienced a solitary tumor between right medial rectus muscle and lamina papyracea. The histopathologic evaluation revealed the tumor to be a neurofibroma.
Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibroma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Orbit* ; Skin

The major forms of amyloidosis affecting the eye are primary systemic and localized amyloidosis. Primary Amyloidosis localized to the conjuctiva is relatively rare, especially involved to bulbar conjunctiva and corn eo scleral limbus and is consiccered to be in the differential diagnosis of other conjunctival diseases. We diagnosed a amyloidosis in which the biopsy from the superior bulbar conjunctiva and superior cornea of the left eye of 68-year-old woman showed histopathologic findings of amyloidosis. There were no evidences of amyloid deposit except conJuntiva and cornea on physical and other systemic examination, including immunelectrophoresis, and cornea on physical and other systemic examination, including immunelectrophoresis, and no evidences of underlying disease that can cause amyloidosis. So we concluded that it was primary localized amyloidosis of bulbar conjunctiva and cotnea.
Aged ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Conjunctiva* ; Conjunctival Diseases ; Cornea* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Zea mays

The major forms of amyloidosis affecting the eye are primary systemic and localized amyloidosis. Primary Amyloidosis localized to the conjuctiva is relatively rare, especially involved to bulbar conjunctiva and corn eo scleral limbus and is consiccered to be in the differential diagnosis of other conjunctival diseases. We diagnosed a amyloidosis in which the biopsy from the superior bulbar conjunctiva and superior cornea of the left eye of 68-year-old woman showed histopathologic findings of amyloidosis. There were no evidences of amyloid deposit except conJuntiva and cornea on physical and other systemic examination, including immunelectrophoresis, and cornea on physical and other systemic examination, including immunelectrophoresis, and no evidences of underlying disease that can cause amyloidosis. So we concluded that it was primary localized amyloidosis of bulbar conjunctiva and cotnea.
Aged ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Conjunctiva* ; Conjunctival Diseases ; Cornea* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Zea mays

We report our series of the Ilizarov surgery for lengthening and deformity correction in upper extremity at the Severance Hospital and the Yong-Dong Severance Hospital between February 1992 and October 1994. We performed the Ilizarov surgery in 12 limb segments, there were 3 humerus, 5 radius, 3 ulna and 1 metacarpal bone. The etiologies of the limb length discrepancies were 7 posttraumatic physeal injuires, 2 congenital deformities, 1 posttraumatic bone loss, 1 posttraumatic amputation and 1 postinfectious physeal injury. The goals of treatment were bone lengthening alone in 8 cases, bone lengthening and deformity correction including angular correction in 4 cases. The bone was lengthened between 1.0 cm and 9.2 cm (mean 3.7 cm) representing a 8.1% to 63.0% (mean 24.5%) increase in length. The healing index varies from 1.0 mos/cm to 10.5 mos/cm (mean 3.4 mos/cm) except three cases which need additional fixation with plate and screws add to wedge osteotomy. By radiologic appearance of the distraction callus, the straight type were 6 cases, the attenuated type were 4 cases and the pillar type were 2 cases. The healing indices of each type were 1/5 mos/cm, 7.7 mos/cm and 12.4 mos/cm, respectively. In conclusion, lengthening and deformity correction of the upper extremity can be successfully achieved by gradual mechanical distraction using the Ilizarov method. In case of pillar type, healing index was high and therefore control of the rate and the rhythm should be tried. If this control is of no use, early interventional procedure would be beneficial. The healing index of the straight type was much lower than that of the attenuated or the pillar type.
Amputation ; Bone Lengthening ; Bony Callus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Humerus ; Ilizarov Technique ; Osteotomy ; Radius ; Ulna ; Upper Extremity

Superior oblique myokymia is an unusual disorder of ocular motility characterized by rapid, small ampulitude and rotary oscillations limited to one eye. Symptoms of monocular oscillopsia and torsional diplopia are experienced by the patient, and the cause remains obscure. We experienced a case of superior oblique myokymia that developed in a 53-year-old male. We report this unusual case with literature review.
Carbamazepine ; Diplopia ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases*

Squamous cell carcinomas arising from the paranasal sinuses are often accompanied by eyeball pain, proptosis, decreased visual acuity and diplopia because of the proximity to the orbit. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus mimicking chronic dacryocystitis and orbital cellulitis due to destruction of lacrimal apparatus.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Dacryocystitis ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Maxillary Sinus ; Orbit ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Visual Acuity