No abstract available.
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure*

No abstract available.
Granuloma, Lethal Midline*

Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Typical classic triad are consisted of headaches, palpitations, and profuse diaphoresis. But some patients with pheochromocytomas have other cardiovascular manifestations such as left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmia. Rarely, pheochromocytomas manifest as acute myocardial infarction leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We experienced one case of pheochromocytoma initially manifesting as acute myocardial infarction which showed normal coronary artery on coronary angiography. Pheochromocytoma should be suspected and evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction whose coronary angiography shows normal coronary without definite thrombosis.
Adrenal Medulla ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Chromaffin Cells ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Headache ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and obesity according to facial flushing in Korean males. METHODS: The 1,198 men in this study were divided into four groups according to the amount of alcohol they consumed: non-drinkers (ND), lower moderate drinkers (LM, < or =7 standard drinks per week), higher moderate drinkers (HM, 7 to 14 drinks per week), and heavy drinkers (HD, >14 drinks per week). They were also separated into two groups according to facial flushing: non-flushers and flushers. Obesity and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher and waist circumference of 90 cm or higher, respectively. RESULTS: In LM and HM groups without flushing, the risks of obesity and abdominal obesity were not significantly increased compared to those of non-drinkers. However, in the HD group without flushing, those risks were significantly increased [OR, 1.55; confidence interval (CI), 1.01 to 2.40, and OR 1.63; CI 1.02 to 2.58, respectively]. In the LM group with flushing, those risks were not significantly increased. However, in HM and HD groups with flushing, the risks of obesity and abdominal obesity were significantly increased (OR, 2.10; CI, 1.07 to 4.16, and OR, 2.06; CI, 1.05 to 4.06, respectively, in HM; and OR, 2.16; CI, 1.08 to 4.34, and OR, 2.50; CI, 1.26 to 4.98, respectively, in HD). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the risk of obesity is increased in moderate flushing drinkers compared to non-drinkers and in heavy non-flushing drinkers.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Flushing ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK. Methods: Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing. Results: The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea.And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Objective: To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK. Methods: Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing. Results: The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea.And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Objective: To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK. Methods: Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing. Results: The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea.And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Objective: To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK. Methods: Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing. Results: The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea.And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

PURPOSE: Although there have been studies emphasizing the re-education of North Korean (NK) doctors for post-unification of the Korean Peninsula, study on the content and scope of such re-education has yet to be conducted. Researchers intended to set the content and scope of re-education by a comparative analysis for the scores of the preliminary examination, which is comparable to the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). METHODS: The scores of the first and second preliminary exams were analyzed by subject using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The passing status of the group of NK doctors for KMLE in recent 3 years were investigated. The multiple-choice-question (MCQ) items of which difficulty indexes of NK doctors were lower than those of South Korean (SK) medical students by two times of the standard deviation of the scores of SK medical students were selected to investigate the relevant reasons. RESULTS: The average scores of nearly all subjects were improved in the second exam compared with the first exam. The passing rate of the group of NK doctors was 75%. The number of MCQ items of which difficulty indexes of NK doctors were lower than those of SK medical students was 51 (6.38%). NK doctors' lack of understandings for Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Therapeutics, Prenatal Care, and Managed Care Programs was suggested as the possible reason CONCLUSION: The education of integrated courses focusing on Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures and Therapeutics, and apprenticeship-style training for clinical practice of core subjects are needed. Special lectures on the Preventive Medicine are likely to be required also.
Clinical Competence ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; Education ; Foreign Medical Graduates ; Humans ; Lectures ; Licensure ; Managed Care Programs ; Prenatal Care ; Preventive Medicine ; Refugees* ; Students, Medical

Salmonellosis in poultry of Korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. The most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Traditional methods used to detect Salmoenella spp. In chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of Salmonella serogroup D was assessed. We first amplified the rfbS genes by PCR and characterized the amplified product by nucleotide sequence analysis. The homology of nucleotide sequence was 99.7% between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum rfbS genes. Further comparisons of the sequences of S. gallinarum, S. gallinarum fied strain, S. pullorum and S. typhi(GenBank Accession No.M29682) showed a homology of 98.3%. The predicted amino acid sequence homology was 97.1%, 97.1% and 97.5%, respectively. Based on this comparison of these nucleotide sequences, we found unique restriction enzyme sites within the rfbS genes of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Thus, the PCR products could be further digested with restriction enzymes TfiI and PleI for use in a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) technique. This method can be applied in the differential diagnosis between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chickens ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Poultry Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Restriction Mapping/veterinary ; Salmonella/*classification/genetics/isolation&purification ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity