This research was undertaken to explore the degree of clinic utilization, medical cost, and disease patterns in a Korean rural area. The Kojedo Project was selected because it is one of many 'Front Line' medical facility, offering readily accessable primary care to the logical population, but with a particular emphasis on simple treatment and public health measures. During 1973, 14,808 patients visited the clinic from which 3,621 were selected as a sample for analyzation, the result was as follows; 1. Utilization, by geographical distribution, was highest in 'A Zone' the area closest to the clinic, with 46 percent of the population of that area making use of the facilities. 2. Utilization, by sex and age distribution, was higher for males less than one year old (50 males: 37 females), one to four year (17 riales: 7 females) and over 55 years(19 males: 15 females), and higher for females in the 15-34 years age bracket(12 female: 10 male). 3. Utilization, per two month period, was highest in August-September (19 percent of toal), 4 and lowest in the coldest and least busy months, December and January (14 percent). 4. The average charge per visit was W780; average payment was W686 (88% of the charge). The charge increased in proportion to the distance between the patient's home and the clinic: D Zone; W 1,108, C Zone; W 1,030, B Zone; W 970, A Zone; W769. 5. Medical charge by sex and age distribution, was higher for males in all but the less than one year and one to four year brackets, charges(W1,145) weme highest in the 35-54 years age bracket, lowest (W 401) in the less than one year bracket. 6. Disease patterns, by major division, showed highest frequency (16.8%) in the infection and parasitic category, folinwed, consecutively, by Respiratory System, Digestive System and Skin, Nail, Hair and Subcutaneous Tissues. 7. The most common cause of clinic visits based on the WHO Classification, was Pulmonary Tuberculosis, followed by, consecutively, Common TCold and Preventive Inoculation and Vaccination. 60.3% of the total clinic visits involved the twenty most common disease of the WHO List. 8. Medical charge, by disease category, was highest for 'Other disease of GUT' (W927), followed by Pulmonary Tuberculosis (W921), and lowest for Preventive nIoculation and Vaccinatioir (W259). 9. Continous visits were most common for Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Hypertensive Diseases and Peptic Ulcer and Complications.
Age Distribution ; Ambulatory Care ; Classification ; Digestive System ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Logic ; Male ; Peptic Ulcer ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Respiratory System ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Transcription Factors*

The treatment of calcaneal fracture has been controvertial because of its difficulty for many years, and now it tended to be concluded with ultimate result of earIy weight bearing. Authors tried a serial treatment of calcaneal fracture with enforcing early weight bearing after a week of elevation, eold compression, and other 3 weeks of cast immobilization. Materials are compised of 21 feet of 18 patients. Of which 12 cases treated by this method have restored normal range of walking ability. Another group of materials treated by open reduction showed delayed recovery.
Clinical Study ; Foot ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Reference Values ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Periosteal chondroma is a slowly growing cartilage tumor of limited size, which develops within and beneath the periosteal connective tissue and characteristically erodes and induces sclerosis of the contiguous cortical bone. The typical morphology of this tumor consists of an area of outer cortex scalloping involving the metaphyseal lesion of a long bone with slightly overhanging edges and a small amount of cartilage calcified matrix adjacent to the scalloping. Histologically this benign tumor can mimic chondrosarcoma. Awareness of this fact is important in order to avoid overdiagnosis and resultant overtreatment of the benign lesion. We report three cases of periosteal chondromas arising in the phalangeal bones of the hand. All were treated by curettage. No local recurrence was seen following this treatment.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Connective Tissue ; Curettage ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Hand ; Medical Overuse ; Pectinidae ; Recurrence ; Sclerosis

A rare case of idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy is reported, who exhibited all typical clinical features, such as grimmy face with deep furrows, cylindrical enlargement of long bones, clubbing of digits and joint trouble. No underlying cause was detectable, Radiological and pathological investigations are presented and review of references as well.
Joints ; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic

PURPOSE: The aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins. It is well known that AQP2, -3 and -4 contribute to the urinary concentration in collecting duct (CD) and also reported the presence of these three AQPs in the connecting tubule (CNT). Newborn rats are not capable of producing a concentrated urine. Rats develop the ability to concentrate urine after birth. The purpose of this study was to establish the time of the expression and the distribution of AQP2, -3 and -4 in the developing rat kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were used in all experiments. Kidneys were obtained from 16, 18 and 20-day-old fetuses and 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21-day-old pups and preserved and processed for immunohistochemical studies using a preembedding immunoperoxidase procedure. AQP2, -3 and -4 immunoreactivity was detected using rabbit polyclonal antibody and donkey anti-rabbit IgG. RESULTS: AQP2, -3 and -4 appeared first in 16-day-old fetuses in the CD and in 18-day-old fetuses in the CNT. Immunoreactivity for AQP2, -3 and -4 was markedly increased after birth and gradually increased during development. In CNT cells and principal cells, AQP2, -3 and -4 were not distinctly demonstrated on the apical, lateral and basal plasma membrane respectively until 21 days after birth. Distinct polarity of these AQPs both in CNTcells and principal cells were observed at 21 days after birth. CONCLUSIONS: AQP2 -3, and -4 were expressed not only in CD but also in CNT before developing of urine concentrating ability during development and it is concluded that their expression and distribution in CNT may play a role in the development of urine concentration abilities in rat kidney.
Animals ; Aquaporin 2* ; Aquaporins ; Attention ; Cell Membrane ; Equidae ; Fetus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Kidney Tubules ; Kidney* ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

For the identification of proliferating cells in tissue, the argyrophilic method for the demonstration of nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) have been described. To evaluate the applicability of Ag-NORs in surgical pathology, the authors have done Ag-NORs staining on 144 cases of routinely processed, formalin-fixed paraffin sections of various tissues; 15 normal tissues, 12 reactive and hyperplastic lesions, 30 benign neoplasms, 4 borderline lesions, and 83 malignant tumors. The results were summerized as follows; 1) In normal tissues, the mean numbers of Ag-NORs were highter in labile cells, especially in actively proliferating cells such as germ cells of testis, crypt epithelial cells in gastrointestinal mucosa, and lymphocytes from germinal center of tonsil and lymph node, than those of stable cells. 2) The mean numbers of Ag-NORs in reactive and hyperplastic lesions, benign neoplasms, and borderline lesions were similar to those of normal labile cells. 3) The mean numbers of Ag-NORs in carcinomas and sarcomas, (usually more than 2) significantly exceeded those of normal and non-malignant conditions. However, certain cases of carcinomas such as papillary carcinomas of thyroid, mucinous carcinoma of stomach, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of lung, and adenoid cystic carcinoma of lung, and some of the leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and malignant schwannoma showed relatively lower numbers of Ag-NORs. 4) In non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the high grade lymphomas showed more Ag-NORs than the low grade ones. From above results, it is suggested that the Ag-NORs technique is helpful in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions. However, further evaluation on the significance of Ag-NORs upon the behavior of the cancer is to be made.

No abstract available.
Takayasu Arteritis*

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Portal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin*