STUDY DESIGN: The authors retrospectively analysed the recovery of clinical symptoms after surgical treatment of lumbar HIVD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of clinical symptoms, the recovery rate and time after surgical treatment and the difference between L4-5 and L5-S1 lesion. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: There are many reports concerning the clinical result of surgical treatment for the HIVD. They usually describe the result as excellent, good, fair and poor. We can't get any information about the recovery rate and recovery time of each clinical symptom from the reports . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were treated by one level open discectomy from march 1991 to december 1995, The clinical symptoms and signs including SLR, motor deficit, sensory deficit, change of DTR and severity of radiating pain were periodically followed up on the predesigned protocol. RESULTS: In preoperative examination, SLR was positive in 82%, motor deficit in 76%, sensory deficit in 74%, DTR change in 50%, and radiating pain in 100%. The recovery rate of SLR was 96.8%, motor deficit ; 93.6%, sensory deficit ,78.6%, DTR change ; 21% and radiating pain ,84.2%. The average recovery time of SLR was 3.4 months, motor deficit ; 1.9 months, sensory deficit ; 5.3 months, DTR change ; 4.1 months and radiating pain ; 3.2 months. Motor and sensory deficit was more frequent in L4-5 lesion but DTR change was usually noted in L5-S1 lesion. The recovery rate and time showed no great difference between the two level. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery rate was higher in SLR, motor deficit and radiating pain rather than sensory deficit and DTR change. The recovery time was fastest in radiating pain but variable nature was noted in sensory deficit. Above results may be helpful to explain the prognosis of the lumbar HIVD.
Diskectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

We successfully transplanted kidney of mother to 13 year old boy who had been suffered from chronic renal failure for 11 months. This is the first case of renal transplantation in childhood in Korea. Patient was treated chronic renal failure with peritoneal dialysis, hemodalysis and transfusion duing 1 month before transplantation. Both kidneys revealed grade 4 vesico-ureteral renal tissue by open wedge biopsy. Patient was transplantated kidney of mother, as the result of HLA antigen tissue type matching. Level of hemoglobin, serum BUN and creatinine were returned to normal after transplantation. Azathioprine and prednisone were used as immunosuppresive agents for 7 months after transplantation. Methylprednisolone was used for 3 days after transplantation. Patient has been followed up at OPD with good condition for 7 months after transplantation.
Adolescent ; Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Korea* ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Mothers ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prednisone

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to evaluate normal MR spectroscopy (MRS) data of the cerebellum and pons, and to evaluate intra-unit and inter-unit differences of the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine normal volunteers (mean age 23 years) were studied with two 1.5 Tesla MR units (A and B units). A total of four sessions of MRS study were performed with two sessions in each MR unit in each volunteer. In each session, MRS data were obtained from bilateral cerebellar hemisphere and pons. MRS was performed using spin-echo single voxel technique with repetition time of 2000 ms, echo time of 288ms and 128 averagings. Voxel size was 2x2x1.5 cm in the cerebellum and 1.5x1.5x1.5 cm in the pons. Metabolite ratios of NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cho+Cr) and Cr/Cho (both peak heights and the peak areas) were compared among the results of four sessions of MRS for evaluation of intra-unit and inter-unit differences. RESULTS: In the cerebellum, mean ISD values of peak height NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cho+Crl) and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were 1.08+/-0.16, 1.44+/-.286, 0.61+/-.09 and 0.76+/-,13, respectively. Comparing with the results of the second session, intra-unit differences were 3-7%. In B unit intra-unit differences were 1-9% , except for 22% of Cr/Cho ratio. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-26%. In the pons, mean (SD values of peak height NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cho+Crl and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were 1.51+/-.35, 3.35+/-.78, 1.02+/-.16 and 0.47+/-,14, respectively. Mean NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratios of the pons were significantly higher than those of the cerebellum. Intra-unit differences were 2-21% in A unit and 4-l8% in B unit. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-l8%. The mean values obtained by using peak area were generally higher and wider in range than those of peak height in both units. CONCLUSION: Mean NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratios of the cerebellum were significantly lower than those of the pons. Intra-unit differences of most metabolites ratios were generally not significant, whereas inter-unit differences were greater than intra-unit differences in more metabolite ratios. Therefore, normal MRS data of the cerebellum and the pons should be obtained in every MR unit, before MRS applications in the diseases of the cerebellum and the pons.
Cerebellum* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Pons* ; Spectrum Analysis ; Volunteers