PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestation, etiology and prognosis of hypocalcemic infants who were admitted with seizure. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 32 infants admitted at the Asan Medical Center with hypocalcemic seizure retrospectively. We classified patients into vitamin D deficiency group(n=7, 21.9%), transient hypoparathyroidism group(n=4, 12.5%), relative hypoparathyroidism with hyperphosphatemia group(n=16, 50%), and others(n=5, 15.6%) according to the laboratory results. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients, 29 patients were improved. There were no differences in gestational age and birth weight among the three groups. In the vitamin D deficiency group, age of onset was later than those of the transient hypoparathyroidism group and relative hypoparathyroidism with hyperphosphatemia group(51.6+/-2.7 vs 8.3+/-.5, 8.2+/-.6 days). In the age when all laboratory results were normalized, transient hypoparathyroidism group was younger than those of vitamin D deficiency group and relative hypoparathyroidism group(33.2+/-4.6 vs 93.6+/-8.5, 77.1+/-2.4 days). In the total treatment period, relative hypoparathyroidism with hyperphosphatemia group was longer than those of vitamin D deficiency group and transient hypoparathyroidism group(68.9+/-3.5 vs 42.0+/-5.0, 25.0+/-4.3 days). Others included two 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients, a congenital hypoparathyroidism, a pseudohypoparathyroidism, and an early neonatal hypocalcemia. CONCLUSION: Transient hypoparathyroidism and hyperphosphatemia were major causes of neonatal hypocalcemia. And high calcitonin and peripheral organ resistance to parathyroid hormone act on hypocalcemia. In infants after one month, vitamin D deficiency was also an important cause of hypocalcemia. Most of the patients were improved within 1-2 months after proper management, but relative hypoparathyroidism with hyperphosphatemia group needed longer treatment. So, it is necessary to perform a systematic study for several complex causes that explain above fact.
Birth Weight ; Calcitonin ; Chungcheongnam-do ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Infant* ; Medical Records ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Prognosis ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Vitamin D Deficiency

No abstract available.
Dendritic Cells, Follicular*

This study was conducted to examine the effect of mefenamic acid for treatment of PDA in premature newborns. Ductus arteriosus is reopened by locally produced prostaglandin E2 in a premature newborn during hypoxia. Mefenamic acid is one of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs acting by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway. For three premature newborns with PDA, we administered mefenamic acid and evaluated them with echocardiography to study the effect of mefenmic acid for closure of PDA. In all three babies, ductus arteriosus was closed successfully. We feel that mefenamic acid is safe and effective medication for treatment of PDA in premature newborns, but further-study need to be conducted with larger numbers of cases to confirm this effect.
Anoxia ; Dinoprostone ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mefenamic Acid* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

It is well known that metastatic bone tumor is very rare below knee and elbow joint. Recently, we experienced two cases of metastatic tumor from kidney and lung to the tibia at Koryo General Hospital.
Elbow Joint ; Hospitals, General ; Kidney ; Knee ; Lung ; Tibia

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Mitral Valve*

No abstract available.
Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone* ; Injections, Subcutaneous* ; Ovulation* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Neck* ; Talus*

Vertebral pedicle screws have been widely used for secure posterior spinal fixation. When postoperative CT scan films were made, the blurring of pedicle screws were observed and we could not figure nut the exact diameter of screw and canal encroachment. There is no information in the difference hetween actual diameter and measured diameter of pedcile screws in CT yet. In this study, we try to find out partial voiume averaging artifact of pedicle screws made of stainless steel and titanium. Partial volume averaging artifact occurs when the shape of an object changes within the thickness of the CT slice or when a relatively small object is only partially included within the slice. Four pig cadaveric spinal column including 6 vertebrae each were prepared and CT scans were performed after insertion of C-D screws(stainless steel) to the left and TSRH screws(titanium) to the right pedicle. Another CT scans were performed after insertion of C-D screws to the right and TSRH screws to the left pedicle. The third CT scans were made after removal of all the pedicle screws. Actual C-D screw diameter was 6mm and CT scanned diameter was 8. I 6+/-0.66mm. Actual TSRH diameter was 6.5 mm and CT scanned diameter was 6.59+/-0.34mm. In conclusion, stainless steel has more partial volume averaging artifact than titanium. Safety margin of pedicle screw made of stainless steel is about 2mm and that of titanium is about 1 mm.
Artifacts ; Cadaver ; Nuts ; Spine ; Stainless Steel* ; Titanium* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance syndrome shows extreme insulin resistance and is associated with acanthosis nigricans. We can differentiate it into type A insulin resistance that has insulin receptor defect, and type B insulin resistance due to insulin receptor autoantibody. Type B insulin resistance was firstly described by Kahn in 1976. It was often found in adult female and showed autoimmune characteristics. As clinical characteristics, there are hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, extreme insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. METHODS: We investigated 17 insulin receptor autoantibody positive cases and 8 cases of normal control who had visited Wonju Christian Hospital from October 1994 to December 1995. Among insulin receptor autoantibody positive subject, male was 4 cases and female 13 cases. Their mean age was 42.2. We compared patients who had insulin receptor antibody positive acanthosis nigricans(IRA) with normal controls. IRA patients were 6 cases(35.3%) of nomal glucose tolerance, 11 cases(64.7%) of abnormal glucose tolerance including overt diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The 11 cases(64.7%) among IRA patrents were obese and 13 cases(76.5%) had hyperininsulinemia. In IRA patients, mean serum insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test was 202.1mU/mL and it was greater than 46.3 of normal controls. Insulin sensitivity in 1.79mg/L * mM * xmU * min normal controls was higher than 0.74mg/L * mM * min of IRA patients. CONCLUSION: IRA patients showed abnormal glucose tolerance including overt diabetes millitus, severe insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and obesity.
Acanthosis Nigricans* ; Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin* ; Male ; Obesity ; Receptor, Insulin*