No abstract available.
Ixodes* ; Tick Bites* ; Ticks*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the time to bone union after open reduction and internal fixation with cerclage cables followed by intramedullary nailing (IMN) for unstable humeral shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a humeral shaft fracture treated by IMN were enrolled. One group of patients was treated via open reduction and internal fixation with cables followed by IMN (cable group; n=32), while the other group was treated with a conventional closed IMN (non-cable group; n=64). The length of time to bone union and functional scores [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores] were measured for all patients. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in terms of age, gender, injury type, or smoking history between the two groups, except for the type of fracture. The cable group had significantly more complex types of fracture than the non-cable group (p<0.001). The mean time to bone union was 3.9 months in the cable group, while in the non-cable group, it was 4.4 months (p=0.041). The incidence of postoperative complications, such as non-union, delayed union, and radial nerve palsy, was similar between the two groups (p>0.05). No differences were identified in terms of DASH and UCLA scores (28.8 and 32.1 in the cable group and 26.4 and 32.6 in the non-cable group, respectively; p=0.335 and 0.264). CONCLUSION: In unstable humeral shaft fractures treated by IMN, open reduction and internal fixation with additional cerclage cables do not delay the length of time to bone union or increase the rate of other complications.
Arm ; California ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hand ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Incidence ; Paralysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Radial Nerve ; Shoulder ; Smoke ; Smoking

Priapism is the condition of persistent penile erection, most often accompanied by pain and unaccompanied by sexual desire. Recently we experienced one case of priapism associated with chronic myelocytic leukemia. So we report this case of secondary priapism with some review of literatures.
Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Priapism*

OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) started in South Korea in May 2015 and the end of crisis was declared in December 2015 by Korea Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). However, Zika virus emerged in less than 2 months following MERS and showed higher mortality than other countries. This study is to assess the current prevention system of overseas infectious diseases, based on MERS and Zika virus outbreak and to suggest effective response system for the future. METHODS: We conducted two surveys on medical specialists working at tertiary general hospitals regarding the effectiveness of responding system by KCDC against MERS and Zika virus and education in individual medical institutions using 5-Likert points. Response system was examined in three different periods as initial period, spreading period, and post disease period. RESULTS: Although medical specialists received the notifications in initial period, no practical prevention was proven to be placed in responding stage by medical facilities (averagely 3.5/5 points in total and sub-analyses). During spreading period, there were several academic seminars conducted, which were evaluated as helpful. In post disease period, all answered that there were changes on patient treatment in all medical facilities, with mainly report system and the treatment regulations in case of suspicious patients for infection. Only 49% respondents answered positive on the possibility of initial responses. For questionnaire items regarding Zika virus, all answered that there were notifications prior to the first outbreak of the infected patient. Eighty% of respondents were aware of 'the Guideline system for traveling to dangerous areas', and answered that the system was moderately effective (averagely 3.8/5 points in total). For the effectiveness of prevention measures for foreign novel disease by KCDC, the average point was 3.0 in both of total and sub-analyses. CONCLUSION: There is not enough response system to prevent infectious disease in medical institutional and governmental levels in Korea. It would warrant the modification of overall medical system to improve preventive measures for initial spread of such diseases.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases* ; Coronavirus Infections ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Social Control, Formal ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Zika Virus*

No abstract available.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

No abstract available.
Listeria* ; Meningitis, Listeria* ; Transplantation*

OBJECTIVE: Online pharmacies were introduced in some countries such as United States of America or Canada. They can provide benefits to consumer because they can buy and take conveniently drugs without limitation of location or time. In Korea, online pharmacies are illegal and only pharmacists can sell drugs to consumers or patients. Therefore, we investigated the knowledge of online pharmacy and the possible problem in Korea to survey pharmacists. METHODS: We developed questionnaire based on previous articles about online pharmacy and surveyed nation-wide pharmacists by mail or e-mail. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Microsoft Excel. P-values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS: 175 pharmacists involved in this study. About introduction of online pharmacies, 53.1% were opposition while 10.3% were approval and 36.6% were conditional. Although online pharmacies were introduced, 46.3% pharmacists do not have a plan to start online pharmacy. However, the approval and tends about starting online pharmacies were higher in younger pharmacists (20s, 30s) (p < 0.05). The criteria of permission about opening online pharmacies were 100% pharmacist license regardless of holding off-line pharmacy. 53.7% pharmacists responded education about taking medication is impossible. When online pharmacies are introduced, 65.1% pharmacists responded traditional pharmacies are affected negatively. Pharmacists concerned that the competition with large-sized distribution corporations, reduced reliance between pharmacists and patients, illegal transaction of counterfeit drugs, increased misuse of drugs. CONCLUSION: These results showed that Korea pharmacists have negative standard on online pharmacies. Therefore it is required to be more cautious before introducing online pharmacy and it need strict watching system and continuous education and study for safety after introducing online pharmacy.
Americas ; Canada ; Counterfeit Drugs ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Licensure ; Pharmaceutical Services, Online ; Pharmacies ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Postal Service ; Public Health ; United States

No abstract available.
Kidney Transplantation* ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

BACKGROUND: The cause of acrodermatitis enteropathica(AE) is closely related to zinc deficiency. Zinc is a potent inhibitor of endonuclease. Acute rises in the apoptosis in lymphoid and myeloid cell lines during zinc deficiency has recently been reported. The method of terminal transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) is used in situ labelling of apoptotic nuclei in routine tissue sections. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to clarify our hypothesis that apoptosis resulted from zinc deficiency might cause keratinocytes damages in AE. METHOD: We stained 6 AE biopsy specimen with TUNEL technique. RESULTS: In acroderrratitis enteropathica, apoptotic keratinocytes were shown in the entire epidermis as compared to normal, controlled skin, in which it was found only at the uppermost layer of this stratified epithelium. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that apoptosis resulting from zinc deficiency might play a role in keratinocyte death in AE.
Acrodermatitis* ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; Biotin ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Keratinocytes* ; Myeloid Cells ; Skin ; Transferases ; Zinc

To build a clinical data base for the patient is one of the important works in the department of anesthesiology. Many of the works can be accomplished by presonal computer, of which include registration of patient data, searching for articles, and analysis of clinical data etc. We would like to introduce a computer programs for the management of various data of anesthesia department and patients. We expect that more advanced and beneficial programs appear to the management of data for anesthesia department and patients.
Anesthesia Department, Hospital* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Humans ; Microcomputers*