The development of renal glomerular lesions secondary to severe visceral infection (pulmonary, pleural, retroperitoneal or hepatic abscess) is not generally appreciated. Such patients resemble those with infective endocarditis. The suggested pathogenetic mechanisms by which infection can cause glomerular damage are immunologic interaction, direct toxicity of a bacterial products, and some other triggering factors; However, direct correlation between the infectious and immunologic events has not been demonstrated. The histopathologic findings of infectious glomerulonephritis are variable, and these findings, as well as the clinical abnormalities, may resolve with effective antimicrobial therapy or abscess drainage. We experienced a case of glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure due to staphylococcal retroperitoneal abscess. The patient was a 58-year-old man who presented with abdominal and back pain. We performed an abdominal CT scan which showed a retroperitoneal abscess which was proven to be a staphylococcal infection upon percutaneous abscess drainage. Furthermore, we performed a renal biopsy in order to investigate hematuria, RBC casts, and proteinuria. Pathologic findings revealed postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Abscess drainage and sensitive antibiotics were administered, after which his symptoms and urinary abnormalities disappeared, and the retroperitoneal abscess subsided. Here, we report a case of a staphylococcal retroperitoneal abscess which led to postinfectious glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure along with a brief review of the literatures.
Abscess* ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Back Pain ; Biopsy ; Drainage ; Endocarditis ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in HCC with hepatitis B in Korean patients is very complex and involves virtually every site in the genome. This study was done to know the chromosomal aberrations in hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV and relationship between these lesions and previously known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. METHODS: DNA changes in 23 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were analyzed by CGH technique. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 23 cases showed genetic alterations. The remaining 5 cases showed no detectable aberrations. The losses of chromosome regions 17p (74%), 4q (57%), 16p (52%), 16q (48%), 8p (43%) and 13q (43%) were detected in the order of decreasing frequency. In cases of multiple losses of chromosomes, a combination of 17p, 16p, 16q, 4q, and 8p losses was found in 5 cases (30%). On the other hand, chromosomal gains occurred on 1q (65%), 8q (52%), 20p (48%) and 20q (43%) in the order of decreasing frequency. And the simultaneous genomic gains of these 4 chromosomes were found in 9 cases (40%). Moreover, the combination of 5 genomic losses (17p, 16p, 16q, 4q, & 8p) and 4 genomic gains (1q, 8q, 20p, & 20q) was observed in 4 cases (23%). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in HCC with hepatitis B in Korean patients is very complex and involves virtually every site in the genome. This indicates a high genomic instability. This could possibly be explained either as the result of random chromosomal changes during early development of tumor, or as the highly variable and random pattern of integration of HBV in the HCC. The hepatocarcinogenesis may be the result of cumulative effects rather than those orders of occurrence of those genomic changes. The sites of cellular DNA at which HBV integrates frequently undergo rearrangements, resulting in translocations, inverted duplications, deletions, and possibly recombinational events. But, CGH only detects changes of chromosomal copy number but could not identify translocations, inversions, and other aberrations of chromosome. The chromosomal analysis of HCC with HBV in Korean patients by CGH technique confirms the presence of complex and sporadic, but nonrandom genetic changes in the chromosome. In the future, more detailed oncogenic study could be carried out on the chromosomes which showed abnormal aberrations through this study.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; DNA ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genome ; Genomic Instability ; Hand ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Oncogenes

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery has gained increasing attention due to its potential to improve the benefits of laparoscopic surgery. However, inconvenience remains for inexperienced surgeons during surgery when instruments conflict with each other, and a glove port is used hesitantly for such diagnosis related groups (DRG) because of its high cost. Authors made a new glove port by an odd surgical gloves and one wound protectors. This glove port is ease to make besides being convenient to us, and inexpensive. This new glove port has the benefit of easy utilization and cost effectiveness for surgeons performing single-incision laparoscopic surgery.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Gloves, Surgical ; Laparoscopy ; Wounds and Injuries

In January 2008, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis at a waterpark was reported to the Bundang-gu Public Health Center in Seongnam, Korea. To determine the etiological agent and mode of transmission, a retrospective cohort study was done using structured questionnaires and stool samples from patients who had current gastrointestinal symptoms and three food handlers were tested. A total of 67 (31.0%) students and teachers developed acute gastroenteritis. No food items were associated with an increased risk of the illness. Norovirus was detected in 3 stool specimens collected from 6 patients who had severe diarrhea using semi-nested RT-PCR. All the specimens contained the genogroup I strains of the norovirus. Norovirus was also detected in the groundwater samples from the waterpark. In the nucleotide sequencing analysis, all the genogroup I noroviruses from the patients and groundwater samples were identified as the norovirus genotype I-4 strain. They were indistinguishable by DNA sequencing with a 97% homology. We conclude the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by the norovirus was closely related to the contaminated groundwater.
Adult ; Caliciviridae Infections/*epidemiology/*virology ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Fresh Water/*virology ; Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/*virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

In January 2008, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis at a waterpark was reported to the Bundang-gu Public Health Center in Seongnam, Korea. To determine the etiological agent and mode of transmission, a retrospective cohort study was done using structured questionnaires and stool samples from patients who had current gastrointestinal symptoms and three food handlers were tested. A total of 67 (31.0%) students and teachers developed acute gastroenteritis. No food items were associated with an increased risk of the illness. Norovirus was detected in 3 stool specimens collected from 6 patients who had severe diarrhea using semi-nested RT-PCR. All the specimens contained the genogroup I strains of the norovirus. Norovirus was also detected in the groundwater samples from the waterpark. In the nucleotide sequencing analysis, all the genogroup I noroviruses from the patients and groundwater samples were identified as the norovirus genotype I-4 strain. They were indistinguishable by DNA sequencing with a 97% homology. We conclude the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by the norovirus was closely related to the contaminated groundwater.
Adult ; Caliciviridae Infections/*epidemiology/*virology ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Fresh Water/*virology ; Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/*virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Adult ; Child ; Clinical Protocols ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Seoul ; Tooth ; Tooth Germ

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of revision total hip arthroplasty using cemetless acetabular cup and several kinds of morseled bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 20 cases of revision total hip arthroplasties between July 1993 and June 1996. Acetabular bone deficiency was classified as type I in 4 hips, type II in 13 hips, type III in 2 hips and type IV in one hip by AAOS classification. Autogenous bone graft was used in 10 cases, heterograft in 5 cases, allograft in 2 cases and a mixture with autografts and allografts in 2 cases. The average contact rate between cup and host bone was 33.5% in type I acetabular deficiency, 65.1% in type II, 50% in type III and 39% in type IV. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score was 82.9 points at the last follow-up. Osseous union between host bone and graft bone occurred within 6 months in 14 cases. Radiological failure was noted in 8 cases at the last follow-up. Three cases were revised during the follow-up period. Five cases out of 7 cases in which the contact rate between acetabular cup and host bone was less than 50% were determined to be a radiologic failure. Only 2 cases of the 10 cases in which autogenous bone graft had failed grafts. The rate of complication was 7cases (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The usage of the hemispherical cementless acetabular cup with autogenous bone graft and increasing the contact rate between the acetabular cup and host bone could be a safe management method in revision total hip arthroplasty. We recomrnend avoiding the use of heterograft in cementless cup revision arthroplasty.
Acetabulum* ; Allografts ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Autografts ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heterografts ; Hip ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, smoking and alcohol on postural sway (PS) and limb load asymmetry (LLA) in the rural inhabitants in Korea METHOD: Nine hundred and sixty inhabitants were included in this study. PS and LLA were recorded while the subjects were standing on two adjacent force platforms (Mediance(R); Human-Tech Inc, Korea) in a comfortable stance for 30 seconds. Bone mineral density was measured in the right calcaneus by ultrasonography (Sahara(R); Hologic Inc, USA). History of diabetes and smoking were taken through interview. RESULTS: PS and LLA were correlated with age (p<0.01). There were significant decreases in PS and LLA in the young age-group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in PS and LLA in terms of sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI and smoking. There was a significant difference in LLA (p<0.05) but no difference in PS between diabetic and normal groups. CONCLUSION: PS and LLA may be related with ageing. Diabetic group may have higher LLA than normal group. However, sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI, and smoking may not affect on PS and LLA.
Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Calcaneus ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extremities* ; Korea* ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in the paralyzed muscles of rabbits with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHOD: Fifteen male New Zealand white rabbits were injured by spinal cord transection at the T6 level. We classified animals into a normal control group (n=3), and SCI without FES (n=3), SCI with 10 Hz FES (n=6) and SCI with 40 Hz FES (n=6) groups. FES was applied on both tibialis anterior (TA) muscles at two frequencies (10 Hz, 40 Hz) for 1 hour daily for 2 weeks. After treatment TA muscles were separated and apoptotic features were measured by in situ DNA nick-end labeling (TUNEL), DNA fragmentation assays and western blotting for Bcl-2and Bax protein. RESULTS: In TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assay results, the FES groups showed more fragmented myonuclei and DNA, and western blotting showed more Bax protein expression in FES groups than no FES group and control (higher in 40Hz group), whereas Bcl-2 protein expressions were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis of paralyzed muscle was increased in FES group with higher Bax/Bcl-2 in 40 Hz than in 10 Hz. To evaluate the clinical significance of muscle apoptosis with FES in SCI, further study would be needed.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electric Stimulation* ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Muscles ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Lung*