We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiologic findings of 19 patients who had been diagnosed as epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland histopathologically after biopsy and surgery at Shinchon Severance Hospital from April, 1991 to July, 1998 and evaluated their correlation to the pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. There were 7 men and 12 women with the mean age of 41.0+/-13.3 years. Histopathologically, there were 7 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of malignant mixed tumor, 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 case of benign oncocytoma. In comparison with benign epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, the characteristic clinical findings of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland were pain, limitation of motion, and diplopia[44.4%]. The mean duration of the symptoms of malignant epithelial tumor was shorter[10.3+/-6.6 months] than that of benign epithelial tumor[19.5+/-14.4 months]. In radiologic CT and MRI findings, there were characteristic bony destructions in malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland[55.6%] compared with benign tumors and poorly marginated outline of the tumor was noted in malignant tumors[44.4%] but not in benign tumors. Therefore, clinical and radiologic findings of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were well correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and would attribute to early diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Elbow*

No abstract available.
Arthrogryposis*

PURPOSE: We measured the thicknesses of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), the macula, and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic macula holes to analyze the repeatability of these measurements and compare them with those of the fellow eye. METHODS: We evaluated 85 patients who visited our retinal clinic. The patients were divided into two groups according to their macular hole size: group A had a size of <400 µm, while group B had a size of ≥400 µm. Repeatability was determined by comparing the thicknesses of the GCIPL, macula, and RNFL with those of the normal fellow eye. RESULTS: The average central macular thickness in patients with macular holes was significantly thicker than that in the normal fellow eye (343.8 ± 78.6 vs. 252.6 ± 62.3 µm, p < 0.001). The average thickness of the GCIPL in patients with macular holes was significantly thinner than that in the normal fellow eye (56.1 ± 23.4 vs. 77.1 ± 12.8 µm, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average RNFL thickness between eyes with macular holes and fellow eyes (92.4 ± 10.0 vs. 95.5 ± 10.7 µm, p = 0.070). There were also no significant differences in the thicknesses of the GCIPL and RNFL among the two groups (p = 0.786 and p = 0.516). The intraclass correlation coefficients for the macula and RNFL were 0.994 and 0.974, respectively, in patients with macular holes, while that for the GCIPL was 0.700. CONCLUSIONS: Macular contour change with macular hole results in low repeatability and a tendency of thinner measurement regarding GCIPL thickness determined via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The impact of changes in the macular shape caused by macular holes should be taken into consideration when measuring the GCIPL thickness in patients with various eye diseases such as glaucoma and in those with neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Eye Diseases ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers* ; Retina ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

Tortuousity of the vertebral artery is clinically uncommon because it rarely causes symptoms. We described a patient with pain in the neck and both upper extremities in whom diagnosis of intervertebral foraminal widening and deformity of the vertebral artery were suggested by results of radiography and magnetic resonance. We confirmed the tortuous vertebral artery by results of computed tomography angiography. Correlation of the patient's symptoms and abnormalities was not clear; conservative treatment was administered.
Angiography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neck ; Upper Extremity ; Vertebral Artery

Hydrogel buckles, which are used in scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment, have been associated with late complications after successful retinal reattachment surgery, including strabismus, extraocular motility restriction, extrusion through the eyelid or conjunctiva, intraocular erosion, and scleral erosion. Hydrogel buckles sometimes appear as well-marginated, circumferential, lobulating, contoured cystic masses mimicking orbital cysts on orbital CT or MRI. We report the radiologic findings in 5 patients whose hydrogel buckles needed to be differentiated from orbital cysts.
Conjunctiva ; Eyelids ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Orbit ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Scleral Buckling ; Strabismus ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

It is important to investigate the incidence of congenital color deficiency and to determine the type and degree because the color deficiency can effect as a handicap to certain occupations. The incidence of congenital color deficiency is remarkably constant among Caucasians but other races show considerable variations. We investigated the incidence of congenital color deficiency among Koreans by the use of H-R-R pseudoisochromatic plates. The present study revealed that the incidence of congenital color deficiency among Koreans was 31.5% (5.90% in men, 0.44% in women).
Color Vision Defects/classification/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male

A reverse sural flap is a surgical procedure to repair soft tissue defects, usually in the ankle region. This procedure involves moving a tissue flap from the calf to cover a defect in the ankle. The flap is turned 180° so that the tissue around the wound is supplied with blood by the vessels at the base of the flap, typically preserving the sural nerve and artery. This method is particularly valuable when thick and robust tissue is required to cover defects resulting from traumatic injuries, chronic wounds, or post-skin tumor removal when the local tissue is insufficient for direct closure. In this case, a patient who had undergone surgery for a chronic ulcerative lesion on the Achilles tendon three years prior to presentation at the authors’ hospital was treated using a half-width reverse sural flap. Modifications to the sural flap design may be crucial considering the surgical history, blood supply, and defect size around the lower leg. In particular, previous surgeries for lower leg fractures or ligament damage may limit blood supply and require flap design modifications.

A reverse sural flap is a surgical procedure to repair soft tissue defects, usually in the ankle region. This procedure involves moving a tissue flap from the calf to cover a defect in the ankle. The flap is turned 180° so that the tissue around the wound is supplied with blood by the vessels at the base of the flap, typically preserving the sural nerve and artery. This method is particularly valuable when thick and robust tissue is required to cover defects resulting from traumatic injuries, chronic wounds, or post-skin tumor removal when the local tissue is insufficient for direct closure. In this case, a patient who had undergone surgery for a chronic ulcerative lesion on the Achilles tendon three years prior to presentation at the authors’ hospital was treated using a half-width reverse sural flap. Modifications to the sural flap design may be crucial considering the surgical history, blood supply, and defect size around the lower leg. In particular, previous surgeries for lower leg fractures or ligament damage may limit blood supply and require flap design modifications.

A reverse sural flap is a surgical procedure to repair soft tissue defects, usually in the ankle region. This procedure involves moving a tissue flap from the calf to cover a defect in the ankle. The flap is turned 180° so that the tissue around the wound is supplied with blood by the vessels at the base of the flap, typically preserving the sural nerve and artery. This method is particularly valuable when thick and robust tissue is required to cover defects resulting from traumatic injuries, chronic wounds, or post-skin tumor removal when the local tissue is insufficient for direct closure. In this case, a patient who had undergone surgery for a chronic ulcerative lesion on the Achilles tendon three years prior to presentation at the authors’ hospital was treated using a half-width reverse sural flap. Modifications to the sural flap design may be crucial considering the surgical history, blood supply, and defect size around the lower leg. In particular, previous surgeries for lower leg fractures or ligament damage may limit blood supply and require flap design modifications.