No abstract available.
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular*

Closed interlocking nailing has become a common method of treatment of femoral fractures in adults. Interlocking nailing had a tendency toward rotational deformity and shortening. Therefore, we determined anteversion of the femoral neck after closed IM nailing of the femoral fractures. Femoral rotational deformity in both leg was determined by the construction of a line through the femoral neck and another through the transcondylar plane of the distal portion of the femur, using the CT scanning. We performed a retrospective study of 15 patients treated with closed IM nailing for femoral shaft fractures from 1989 to 1994. 1. The average differences in anteversion angle was 12.9 degree. 2. 3 cases(50%) in 6 cases that have difference more than 15° are accompanied with ispilateral injury of the knee joint and the lower leg. 3. Angle difference of the rotational deformity of proximal or distal femoral fractures is 15.5° which is 3.5° larger than that of fractures of femoral midshaft, 12.0°.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Bone Cysts* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells*

The intertrochanteric fracture of the femur occurs frequently in the elderly who has osteoporosis. These fractures had been treated with many fixation devices. Recently dynamic hip screws been commomly used. But, some complications were reported by this fixation the patients who were osteoporotic and/or who had unstable type fracture. We have analysed the roentgenograms and the medical records to study impaction degree and change of neck-shaft angle according to fracture type and degree of osteoporosis in the 35 patiensts wit minimum 1 year follow-up who have intertrochanteric fracture of the femur treated with dynamic hip screws, from Jhn. 1989 to Jun. 1993, retrospectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The most common fracture type by Bord-Griffin classification was type I, 19 cases(57%), and the most common osteoporotic by Sight's index was grade II, 21 cases(60%). 2. There were no significant differences of impaction degree and neck-shaft angle according to the fracture types or osteoporosis degrees. 3. The mean impaction degree of fracture site was 9.3mm and the mean neck-shaft angle change was 0.8。 of varus angulation.
Aged ; Classification ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

Thymic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the thymic epithelium, distinguished from benign or invasive thymoma by the presence of malignant cytology and a greater incidence of local invasion and embolic metastases. The true incidence of this neoplasm is unknown. Nearly three fourth of their patients had symptoms of an anterior mediastinal mass, including cough, chest pain, and superior vena cava syndrome. These patients rarely have myasthenia gravis or other thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes. The treatment of thymic carcinoma remains a controversial matter. We report eight cases of thymic carcinoma treated in our institution from 1990 to 1997.
Chest Pain ; Cough ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mediastinum ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; Thymoma*

Purpose: We investigate whether low-dose rapamycin is effective in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and treating HCC after tumor development in transgenic mice. Materials and Methods: We established transgenic mice with HCC induced by activated HrasG12V and p53 suppression. Transgenic mice were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: negative control, positive control, tacrolimus only, rapamycin only, and tacrolimus plus rapamycin. The mice were further divided into two groups according to time to commencement of immunosuppressant treatment: de novo treatment and post-tumor development. Results: In the de novo treatment group, marked suppression of tumor growth was observed in the rapamycin only group. In the post-tumor development group, the rapamycin only group displayed no significant suppression of tumor growth, compared to the positive control group. In T lymphocyte subset analysis, the numbers of CD4+ effector T cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells were significantly lower in the positive control, tacrolimus only, and tacrolimus plus rapamycin groups than the negative control group.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of phosphorylated-mTOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 in the positive control group than in the rapamycin only group. Conclusion Low-dose rapamycin might be effective to prevent HCC growth, but may be ineffective as a treatment option after HCC development.

Purpose: We investigate whether low-dose rapamycin is effective in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and treating HCC after tumor development in transgenic mice. Materials and Methods: We established transgenic mice with HCC induced by activated HrasG12V and p53 suppression. Transgenic mice were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: negative control, positive control, tacrolimus only, rapamycin only, and tacrolimus plus rapamycin. The mice were further divided into two groups according to time to commencement of immunosuppressant treatment: de novo treatment and post-tumor development. Results: In the de novo treatment group, marked suppression of tumor growth was observed in the rapamycin only group. In the post-tumor development group, the rapamycin only group displayed no significant suppression of tumor growth, compared to the positive control group. In T lymphocyte subset analysis, the numbers of CD4+ effector T cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells were significantly lower in the positive control, tacrolimus only, and tacrolimus plus rapamycin groups than the negative control group.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of phosphorylated-mTOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 in the positive control group than in the rapamycin only group. Conclusion Low-dose rapamycin might be effective to prevent HCC growth, but may be ineffective as a treatment option after HCC development.

PURPOSE: Median cleft of upper lip is defined as any congenital vertical cleft through the midline of the upper lip. It is uncommon, its embryological pathogenesis remains unexplained to date. The authors hereby report a rare case of median cleft of the upper lip associated with enlarged frenulum and palatal mass. This case offers some understanding of the possible embryologic development of this anomaly. METHODS: A 10-month-old boy born by normal vaginal delivery at full-term had a notch in the midline of the upper lip with widened philtrum along with enlarged median frenulum, alveolar cleft, and mass of the hard palate. We performed en bloc resection of the enlarged frenulum and palatal mass and cheiloplasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed that the frenulum and palatal mass was consisted of fibrous tissue with normal mucous membrane. The postoperative course was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: A rare case of median cleft of the upper lip with associated enlarged frenulum and palatal mass was presented with proper surgical management. The surgical technique includes marginal excision of the clefted epithelium and reconstruction of orbicularis oris muscle, in addition to en bloc resection of the palatal mass and frenulotomy.
Epithelium ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscles ; Palate, Hard

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading metabolic diseases that cause an increasing rate of mortality and morbidity. Recently, rather than the current drug treatment, pancreatic islet transplantation has been regarded as a potentially promising strategy for insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus while preventing complications such as kidney damage, vascular damage, nerve damage, and blindness. Recently, a number of advanced islet encapsulation techniques have been designed to enhance the efficiency of islet transplantation, including cell sheet engineering and generation of 3D islet spheroids by high density suspension system (HDSS). Chondrocytes derived from cartilage sources have been used as an encapsulation biomaterial for islets not only for autograft but also for allograft and xenograft transplantation. Cartilage is an avascular, white connective tissue that is rich in extracellular matrix, and expandable in vitro. Hence, this tissue might have immunologically privileged properties that make it an intelligent cell source for manufacture of encapsulation biomaterials. However, cell sheet engineering and HDSS still have their respective limitations, which need to be elucidated. This review will describe the advantages and disadvantages of the current encapsulation techniques in order to provide a comprehensive foundation for further modifications and improvements of tissue engineering for islet transplantation.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Biocompatible Materials ; Blindness ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes* ; Connective Tissue ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extracellular Matrix ; Islets of Langerhans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Kidney ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mortality ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Heterologous

PURPOSE: To determine the appropriate prostate planning target volume (PTV) margins for 3-dimensitional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) patients treated with an endorectal balloon (ERB) under our institutional treatment condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were treated in the supine position. An ERB was inserted into the rectum with 70 cc air prior to planning a CT scan and then each treatment fraction. Electronic portal images (EPIs) and digital reconstructed radiographs (DRR) of planning CT images were used to evaluate inter-fractional patient's setup and ERB errors. To register both image sets, we developed an in-house program written in visual C++. A new method to determine prostate PTV margins with an ERB was developed by using the common method. RESULTS: The mean value of patient setup errors was within 1 mm in all directions. The ERB inter-fractional errors in the superior-inferior (SI) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were larger than in the left-right (LR) direction. The calculated 1D symmetric PTV margins were 3.0 mm, 8.2 mm, and 8.5 mm for 3D CRT and 4.1 mm, 7.9 mm, and 10.3 mm for IMRT in LR, SI, and AP, respectively according to the new method including ERB random errors. CONCLUSION: The ERB random error contributes to the deformation of the prostate, which affects the original treatment planning. Thus, a new PTV margin method includes dose blurring effects of ERB. The correction of ERB systematic error is a prerequisite since the new method only accounts for ERB random error.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Prostate ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Rectum ; Supine Position